和航貿易企業有限公司

冷凍乾燥機---教育訓

練 ---報告人：陳宜萱

課程內容

第一節 冷凍乾燥機 設計理論

第二節 冷凍乾燥機 實際操作

冷凍乾燥機設計理論

Definition

Purpose

Process

Lyophilization is another word for freeze drying derived from the Greek words “solvent-loving.” Lyophilized material is easily rehydrated.

Freeze Drying is the process of removing moisture from a frozen product using vacuum.

Definition

Sublimation is the freeze drying process in which solvents, such as water, pass directly from the solid to the vapor state.

The rate of sublimation is dependent on temperature and pressure.

Definition

Purpose

Freeze Drying preserves the integrity of the product’s biological and chemical structure and activity.

Process

Prefreezing

Primary Drying

Secondary Drying

Pre-freezing

Limited surface area.

Not the preferred method to pre-freeze.

Gives more surface area to decrease freeze dry time.

Preferred method.

Slant Freezing Stub Freezing

Pre-freezing

Increases the surface area to volume ratio by

spreading out the frozen product inside the

vessel.

Shell Freezing

Primary Drying

Process Requires:

Prefrozen sample.

Temperature difference between sample and collector establishes a vapor pressure

differential.(collector should be 15-20° colder than the sample.

Heat applied to the sample.

High vacuum.

Heat Heat

Frozen Sample

Water Vapor

Cross Section View of Valve and Flask

Primary Drying

Primary Drying

A Vacuum Pump encourages the free flow of water molecules from the product by evacuating the environment around the product. It removes non-condensable gases.

• Minimum Requirement - .133 mBr

Endpoint Determination

Visual inspection. (cake or powder)

Measurement of condensable gasses via vacuum gauge.

Product temperature or weight.

The endpoint of primary drying can be determined by:

Secondary Drying

The process of reducing the 7- 8% residual moisture content still present in the visually dry sample.

Secondary Drying

Isothermal desorption is the removal of bound water from a sample. Requires a temperature higher than ambient and 1/3-1/2 the time necessary for primary drying.

Bulk Tray Dryer

An economical alternative to the Stoppering Tray Dryer when

stoppering under a vacuum is not required.

Lyophilize bulk samples such as soil, liquids or plant materials.

Bulk Tray Dryer

3 large shelves for bulk trays or batches of serum bottles, vials or ampules.

200-watt heater on each shelf heats from –20° C* to 60° C.

LCD display of set point and temperature (C°) for each shelf.

*Shelves are not cooled by the Bulk Tray Dryer. The only cooling is from the frozen sample.

Bulk Tray Dryer

Vacuum release valve allows user to open the door.

Option to purchase with or without six-port support shelf

Option to purchase two additional heated shelves

Bulk Tray Dryer Accessories

Support Shelf with valves installed provides flexibility to connect flasks and other freeze dry glassware. It also elevates Tray Dryer above work surface of Freeze Dry System to allow unobstructed access to the collector.

Left: Heated Shelf With Sensor

Right: Stainless Steel Bulk Tray

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