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qaluri homoseqsualoba, patriarqati da

nacionaluri sazogadoeba

iren daioli

Sesavali

qaluri homoseqsualoba iSviaTad aRiqmeba patriarqaluri wyobis mxridan potenciur

safrTxed. igi, rogorc ori arasubieqtis kavSiri, advilad inacvlebs uxilav

sferoSi. gana SeiZleba ori qali arsebobdes da urTierTobdes maTi energiis

mapolarizebeli faqtoris, mamris gareSe?

ZiriTadad qaluri homoseqsualobis gageba maskulinur kategoriebze dayrdnobiT

xdeba. miiCneva, rom urTierToba xorcieldeba wyvilis erT-erTi mxaris mier

maskulinobis miTvisebis xarjze, maSin roca meore iTavsebs qalur, pasiur rols.

homoseqsualuri urTierTobis amgvari interpretacia, gansazRvravs mas, rogorc

patriarqalur sistemaSi aRmocenebul protests da reaqcias amave sistemis mimarT.

gamodis rom mamri mxolod zedapirulad aris gamoricxuli, realurad ki am saxis

urTierTobaSicAaris SenarCunebuli maskulinobis principi, Tan ara mxolod

SenarCunebulia, aramed sayrden da ganmsazRvrel faqtorad gvevlineba... amitom am

perspeqtiviT ganxiluli qaluri homoseqsualoba aranair safrTxes ar uqmnis

patriarqalur wyobas, is aris mxolod gamonaklisi, romelic kidev erTxel

adasturebs qalisa da mamakacis ierarqiuli urTierTmimarTebis wess.

esses mizans amgvari aRqmis kritika warmoadgens. pirvel rigSi igi kiTxvis niSnis

qveS svams im daSvebas, rom qaluri homoseqsualobis principi mamakacuri

prerogativebis uzurpaciaSi mdgomareobs da surs daamtkicos, rom homoseqsualuri

kavSiri or qals Soris ki ar ireklavs an iRebs, aramed erTgvar gamowvevasac ki

ucxadebs urTierTobis diqotomiur, winaswargansazRvrul rolebze awyobil

ierarqiul models. es modeli, Tavis mxriv patriarqaluri sazogadoebis

struqturis mTavari sayrdenia, urTierTobis erTaderT legitimur da “bunebriv”

principad aRiqmeba da rogorc wesi, aranair ganxilvas ar eqvemdebareba. misi kiTxvis

niSnis qveS dasma patriarqaluri faseulobebis mTels wyebas ayenebs safrTxis

winaSe. amitom qalisa da mamakacis homoseqsualobis am WrilSi gaazreba, am

movlenas warmogvidgens, rogorc erTgvar socialur praqtikas, romlis analizs

SeuZlia didi daxmareba gagviwios ierarqiuli sazogadoebrivi struqturebis

rRvevaSi.

es rom asea gansakuTrebiT kargad Cans, roca genderuli rolebisa da nacionaluri

ideologiis urTierTmimarTebas vakvirdebiT. homoseqsualoba safrTxes uqmnis

sazogadoebis patriarqalur models da nacionalur homogenurobas. nacionalur

sazogadoebas homoseqsuali da feministi eris erT-erT yvelaze saSiS moRalated

feministuri

biblioTeka



iren daioli

2

esaxeba. homoseqsuali ver Tavsdeba genderuli rolebis iseT nacionalur

ritorikaSi, rogoricaa jariskacis da dedis roli... amas garda homoseqsuali

wyvilis arsebobas, interpersonaluri da sociluri urTierTobebis modelebis

pluralurobis aRiarebamde mivyavarT. xdeba genderuli rolebis kodifikaciis,

kacisa da qalis diqotomiur-ierarqiuli urTierTmimarTebis kiTxvis niSnis qveS

dayeneba. es ki safrTxes uqmnis mTels im ierarqiul struqtirebs romlebzedac

daSenebulia nacionaluri sazogadoebis modeli.

qaluri homoseqsualobis patriarqaluri interpretaciebi

patriarqalur cnobierebis farglebSi, qali mxolod kacTan mimarTebaSi arsebobs,

da arsebobs imdenad, ramdenadac masze dakisrebul specifiur funqciebs asrulebs.

qalis arseboba am CarCos miRma an qmedeba, romelic scdeba dadgenil zRvrebs,

partiarqaluri azrovnebisTvis konceptualur donezec ki problematuria. raTa

raRac axsna moeZebnaT imisTvis, rac patriarqalur konteqstSi yovelgvar azrs

moklebulia, qaluri homoseqsualobis interpretieba isev maskulinobasTan

referirebis gziT moaxdines. misi gaazreba moxda, rogorc kacis imitirebis,

mamkacebis prerogativebis miTvisebis survili, an rogorc ajanyeba patriarqatis

winaaRmdeg.

fsiqoanalizma kidev ufro gaamyara mosazreba imis Sesaxeb rom lesbosels “surs

iyos kaci”. froidis mixedviT qaluri homoseqsualobis safuZveli swored am

maskulinobis kompleqsSia. wyvili xom imTaviTve moiazreba, erTobad, romelic

Sedgeba erTi aqtiuri wevrisgan, anu mamakacisgan, da meore pasiuri, ukmari

seqsualuri ganviTarebis mqone wevrisgan, anu qalisgan. amitom iTvleba, rom

homoseqsualuri wyvilic am CarCoSi moqmedebs da axdens kacisa da qalis, an deda-

Svilis urTierTobis producirebas. es sakmaod didi gavlenis mqone ganacxadi,

uaryofs urTierTobis raime sxva modelebis arsebobis SesaZleblobas, da dayavs

isini reproduqciuli procesisTvis saWiro or sabaziso erTeulamde. sadac qali

ganekuTvneba bunebis sferos da mowyvetilia socialur sferos. interpretacia,

romelic aseT rolur gadanawilebazea dafuZnebuli, imTaviTve gamoricxavs or qals

Soris interaqcias.

ara mxolod patriarqaluri azrovnebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebali homoseqsualobis,

rogorc legitimuri socialuri praqtikis uaryofa. feminizmic, tradiciulad

lesboselobas, rezistentulobis gamovlinebad miiCnevs. magaliTad, erTerTi

klasikuri feministuri teqsti, simon de bovuaris “meore sqesi”, marTalia

upirispirdeba ierarqiul binarulobas, magram qalur homoseqsualobas gansazRvravs,

rogorc ajanyebas dadgenili normebis winaaRmdeg, an rogorc seqsualurobis da

feminurobis SiSiT gamowveul movlenas. bovuaris mixedviT seqsualuri interesi

meore qalis mimarT kidev ufro uwyobs xels qalis pasiurobas da mis seqsualur

obieqtad aRiarebas. WeSmaritad aqtori qali, misi azriT daupirispirdeboda

mamakacs, da mas aqcevda seqsualur obieqtad. lesboseli ki itanjeba imiT, rom ver

axdens Tavisi feminuri potencialis realizacias, mas surs iyos “sruli da



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normaluri” (normal and complete) magram ar SeuZlia mamakacTan urTierToba.

sabolood bovuaris interpretacia didad ar scdeba froidiseuls, misTvisac

lesboseloba aris erTgvari gaqceva, problemis gadaWris gza. xolo Tavad

problemas da homoseqsualuri kavSiris saTaves kvlav qalisa da mamakacis

urTierTobaSi eZebs.

genderuli rolebi da nacionalizmi

patriarqaluri falocentruli azrovnebisTvis or qals Soris urTierToba, sadac

mamakaci gamoricxulia, ver aRiqmeba seriozul sakiTxad. qristianul moZRvrebaSic,

romelic sakmaod mkacria qalis mimarT, qaluri homoseqsualoba ignorirebulia.

qali mamakacisTvis arsebobs, amitom qalis morali ganisazRvreba imis mixedviT Tu

rogor eqceva igi Tavis qmars, aqedan gamomdinare qalis codvebis Sinaarsic

mamakacis Rirsebis sakiTxTanaa dakavSirebuli. samarTalic religiis paralelurad

gaviTarda. avtoritarul konservatorul saxelmwifoebSi, sadac kacis

homoseqsualoba kriminalizebulia, lesboseloba iSviaTad eqceva yuradRebis

centrSi. magaliTad Tanamedrove xorvatiaSi, ultrakonservatoruli reaqciebis da

reseqsualizaciis politikis miuxedavad, represiuli emfatika qalebis mimarT ufro

feminizmiskenaa mimarTuli vidre alternatiuli seqsualuri praqtikebisken.

lesboseloba kriminalizebuli ar aris.

roca qalis homoseqsualobas vaRiarebT, rogorc socialur praqtikas amas e.w.

“homo-sociumis” cnebamde mivyavarT, sadac yuradReba ara mxolod seqsualur

qcevaze maxvildeba, aramed mTels socialur qselze da iseT sakiTxebze; rogoricaa

myari wyvilis formireba, ojaxuri urTierTobebi da sxva... es ki did safrTxes

uqmnis nacionalur sazogadoebas, radgan nacionaluri sazogadoebis simyaris

SenarCunebaSi qalis rols sakmaod didi mniSvlneloba aqvs. qalis sxeuli ar aris

mxolod misi an romelime konkretuli mamakacis sakuTreba, is sazogado

sakuTrebaa.Epersonalur sivrces ki ar warmoadgens, aramed socialuri teritoriaa,

romelic SeiZleba da unda iqnes gamoyenebuli da danawilebuli mamakacebis mier.

rogorc frendlendi ambobs, qali aris uZvelesi valuta.

socializaciis patriarqaluri modeli qalisgan konkurenciis reJimSi yofnas

moiTxovs, romelic dominantur klasTan aliansze, anu mamakacTan daaxloebazea

damyarebuli. aseTi sazogadoeba, bunebrivia safrTxis winaSe dgeba, roca qalebi

eqskluziur socialur kavSirs qmnian. maT vinc ar isurva mamakacTan aliansi,

gamoeTiSa am reJims, interesi sakuTari sqesisken mimarTa da Sinaganad aRiara Tavi

subieqtad. amgvarad homoseqsualuri wyvili simbolurad emijneba patriarqats.

qalebi, romlebic daqvemdebarebul poziciaSi iyvnen, aarseben alternatiul

sazogadoebas, sadac isini damoukidebel subieqtebs warmoadgenen da sadac qalis

sxeuli ukve aRar aris “mamakacis teritoria”.

miuxedavad imisa rom nacionalur sazogadoebaSi qalebi gariyulni arian socialuri

sferodan, maTi roli sazogadoebis struqturuli mdgradobis SenarCunebaSi Zalian

didia. mTavari amocana romelic aseT sazogadoebaSi ekisreba qals, es aris



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reproduqcia, rogorc biologiur, aseve simbolur da ideologiur doneze. qalis

funqcia eTnikur sazogadoebaSi SeiZleba ase Sejamdes: biologiuri reproduqcia,

anu eris gagrZelebis da uwyvetobis uzrunvelyofa; ideologiuri reproduqcia,

roca xdeba erovnuli ideologiis da moralis gavrceleba da ganmtkiceba, rogorc

sakuTari qceviT aseve vaJebisa da qaliSvilebis Sesabamisi aRzrdiTa da ganaTlebiT;

SezRudvebis reproduqcia, aq maxvili keTdeba reproduqciis procesis e.w.

sisufTaveze, romelSic erovnuli aRrevisgan Tavis Sekaveba igulisxmeba. aseTi

aqcenti reproduqciaze TavisTavad zRudavs qalis seqsualobas da sanqcirebuls

xdis mis sxeuls, rogorc sazogadoebis legitimaciis mTavar wyaros. qalis

gaupatiureba eris fizikur dasustebas da simbolur wabilwvas niSnavs, albaT amiT

aixsneba, rom mas rogorc mtris dakninebis erTerT efeqtur xerxs, xSirad

mimarTaven eTnikuri omebis dros.

monik vitigis gancxadeba: “lesboselebi ar arian qalebi” zemoT aRweril

konteqstSi unda gaviazroT. aq igulisxmeba rom qalis arsi am sazogadoebis mier

masze dakisrebul funqciebSi mdgomareobs da swored es funqciebi gansazRvraven mas

rogorc qals. am gagebiT is qalebi, romlebic homoseqsualur kavSirs amyareben da

zemoTxsenebul funqciebs ar iTavseben, aRarc arian qalebi... maSinac ki roca maT

yavT Svilebi, isini ar Seesatyvisebian dedobis idealizebul gagebas. dauqorwinebel

qals ar aqvs adgili aseT sociumSi, is daibrunebs am adgils, mxolod saqorwino

kontraqtze xelis moweris Sedegad, roca gadava ojaxis Tavkacis xelSi, romelic

SeiTavsebs mediatoris rols pirad da sazogado sferoebs Soris, gaakontrolebs

mas sazogadoebis saxeliT da mis sxeuls rogorc koleqtiur sivrces, rogorc

socialur teritorias, patriarqaluri Rirebulebebisa da ideologiis gamtarad

aqcevs.

marTalia qalis sxeulze kontrolis dakargva asustebs nacionalizms, magram amaze

did safrTxes misTvis mainc ierarqiuli binarulobis kiTxvis niSnis qveS dayeneba

warmoadgens. nacionaluri ideologia or debulebas efuZneba:

1. binarul kategorizacias, romelic mamrobiTisa da mdedrobiTs, fsiqoanalizis

doneze me-sa da sxvas, xolo politikur doneze dominantisa da daqvemdebarebulis

dapirispirebaSi mdgomareobs.

2. eWvgareSe da kiTxvadausmeli ierarqiuli urTierTmimarTebas am kategoriebs

Soris. rogorc rada ivekoviCi aRniSnavs genderuli kodebi da ierarqiuli

binaruloba nacionalizmis birTvuli elementebia, radgan masze dayrdnobiT da misi

analogiiT xdebas rasobrivi, klasobrivi Tu sxva saxis ierarqiebis ageba, sadac

erTi dominantia, meore ki daqvemdebarebuli, sadac “sxva” dakninebuli da

damcirebulia. es kargad vlindeba eTnikuri omebis dros, roca Zaladoba

genderulad gansazRvrulia, da msxverpli avtomaturad feminuri maxasiaTeblebis

matarebeli xdeba, maSin roca dominant mxares maskulinur Tvisebebs miaweren.

meores mxriv ivan ivekoviCi balkaneTis neo-patriarqaluri reJimis magaliTze, paralelebs avlebs da analogiebs poulobs eTnikuri umciresobebisa da qalebis

mimarT damokidebulebaSi da aCvenebs, rom iq qalebi, iseve rogorc sxvasxva

umciresobaTa jgufebi, mTlianad gariyulni arian sazogadoebrivi sferodan.



iren daioli

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roca nacionalizmis erotikul maxasiaTeblebs vakvirdebiT, da im binarul sistemas,

romelic nacionalur ideologias efuZneba, aSkara xdeba rom homoseqsualoba,

mTlianad eWvqveS ayenebs am sistemis ucvlel, bunebriv Tu uryev xasiaTs. amitom

igi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes, rogorc instrumenti ideologiuri Tu socialuri

homogenurobis dasaZlevad da pluralizmis dasamkvidreblad socialur sferoSi.

daskvna: socialuri struqturebis rRveva (queering)

patriarqaluri sistemebis funqcionireba xdeba qalis winaswargansazRvruli

feminuri modelis meSveobiT, romelic gulisxmobs xistad dadgenil funqciebs da

ar rTavs maT sazogadoebriv sferoSi rogorc avtonomiur individebs. is ierarqia,

romelic pirad sferoSia gamefebuli koleqtivis struqturalur models

warmoadgens.

nebismieri urTierToba, romelic ar aris am models morgebuli tovebs sivrces

potenciurad Tanabari da ara prekodificirebuli interaqciisTvis. homoseqsualuri

urTierTobis dros qali ar aris SezRuduli sakuTari anatomiiT da

winaswargansazRvruli roliT, rogorc patriarqaluri wyoba moiTxovs amas. Tavad

erTi sqesis warmomadgenlebs Soris urTierTobis idea, aTavisuflebs adamians

savaldebulo anatomiur safuZvelze agebuli bediswerisgan. SeiZleba zogierTi

homoseqsuali wyvili marTlac axdens tradiciuli rolebis imitirebas, magram

TviTon faqti, rom es rolebi SegiZlia miiRo an uaryo, ganaxorcielo Sens

yoveldRiur yofaSi an ubralod ignorireba gaukeTo maT, ukve axdens genderis

performaciuli xasiaTis demonstrirebas da gasaqans aZlevs individulur arCevans.

homoseqsualobis dekonstruqciuli potencia swored am rolebis pirobiTobis

demostrirebaSi da sqesis ierarqiuli diqotomiis gabaTilebaSi mdgomareobs. xolo

sqesobrivi stratifikacia aris sxva ierarqiuli daSrevebis safuZvelic, amitom misi

kiTxvis qveS dasma safrTxes uqmnis rasobriv, erTnikur da klasobriv dayofasac.

fuko sqess Zalauflebis WrilSi ganixilavs. TviTon Zalauflebac SeiZleba

ganvixiloT sqesobrivi kuTxiT da farda avxadoT socialuri uTanasworobis

genderul safuZvlebs. Tu miviRebT gansxvavebuls, da davicavT imis uflebas, rom

iyo gansxvavebuli genderuli identobis Tu seqsualuri orientaciis sakiTxebSi, Tu

gabaTildeba warmodgena qalis mamakacze damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, sqesi da genderi

SeiZleba diskriminaciis instrumentebidan, socialuri pluralizaciis

instrumentebad iqces. qalur homoseqsualoba marTalia konceptualur doneze,

magram mainc cvlilebas uqvemdebarebs TiTqosda ucvlel avtoritaruli da

ierarqiuli socialuri struqturebs da am gziT wvlili Seaqvs maT rRvevaSi da

gviCvenebs socialuri da interpersonaluri urTierTobebis mravalferovnebis

SesaZleblobas.

inglisuridan Targmna

nino xarCilavam

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