55AUTUMN 2010

www.benevolencija.eu.org/salon

BULLETIN OF JEWISH SOCIETY“THE FRIENDS OF LA BENEVOLENCIJA”

BILTEN JEVREJSKE ZAJEDNICE“PRIJATELJI LA BENEVOLENCIJE”

IZVJE[TAJ SA16. GODI[NJESKUP[TINE

THE BULLETIN IS SPONSORED BY JEWISHCARE

[esnaesta godi{nja skupštinaDru{tva pri jatelja LaBenevo lencije-London, adeveta koju vod im kaopredsjednik odr`ana je16.09.2010 godine.Skupština je po~ela pouobi~ajenom redu vo`nje,usvajanjem dnevnog reda i~itanjem izvještaja o aktivnostiu p rošlo j god ini. Uprkossmanjenih mogu}nosti dana|emo neke nove teme,doga|aje i ljude da toprezent iraju uspjevamo daodr`imo vrlo dobar nivoaktivnosti u klubu.Dodatni problem u pro{lojgodini je bio da je u G.B.po~ela ekonomska kriza kojaje izazvala štednju i stezanjekaiša na svim nivoima. To seodrazilo i na WJR koji je zbogsvoj ih smanjenih prihoda,proporcionalno smanjio i iznoskoj im nam je pomagao.Vjerovatno nas najve}i uspjehu pro{loj godini je bio da smonastavili naše djelovanje sasmanjenim bu|etom anesmanjenim aktivnostima.Dio na{ih t roškova smopokrivali sredstvimaskupljenih od ~lanarine idobrovoljnih priloga. Stalnonagla{avamo koliko je va`noskupljanje ~lanarine udjelovanju kluba. Na`alost nesa velikim uspjehom. Udio~lanarine je sve manji upore|enju sa iznosom koji sedobije od dobrovoljnih prilogane-~lanova kojima bi se ovomprilikom zahvalio.Od doga|aja u klubuspomenu}u sljede}e:- Ovu klubsku godinu smopo~eli sa poetskom ve~eri kojuje organizovala naša stalnapoetska ek ipa Mia, Olja,Jadranka uz pomo} nekolikodobrovoljaca koji su usko~ilisa svojim izborom omiljenepoezije. Dragan Ungar spasio

je ~ast muških na ovoj ve~eri.- Poslije predavanja od prijepar godina u kojem nas jeupoznala sa raznim tehnikamagrn~arije - keramike, JelenaKali~in je odr`ala predavanjeo radu sa staklom. Objasnila jerazne tehnike u radu sa staklomna rukotvorinama koje je samanapravila i prezentirala nam.- Uo~avamo da sve vi{e prostorau Klubu ustupamo veomainteresantnim bilje{kama saputovanja na{ih ~lanova, biloda su ta putovanja dio pro{lostipojedinaca ili se de{avaju sada.Vesko, pasionirani planinar, jezaokru`io ciklus predavanja oplaninama, ovog puta Srbije,Crne Gore i Makedonije. Miroi Jadranka su nam pri~ali osvom odu{evljenju Milanom iVeronom, Dra{ko je pri~ao oKanarskim otocima u koje jezaljubljen, Zoka je pri~ao o~arobnom [arm-El-[eiku (prijenego {to su se pojavile ajkule)a ^aja je nadahnuto pri~ao oIzraelu i na{im sarajlijama kojeje tamo sreo- Zak Ozmo, doktor muzike,pedagog i svira~ na lutnji iteorbu, govorio nam je o starim`i~anim instrumentima, svomistraziva~kom radu na poljumuzike. Našavši zaboravljenamuzi~ka dijela komponovanaza vrijeme Hendlovog boravkau Engleskoj, snimio ih je poprvi put sa svojom grupom "L'Avventu ra" pod imenom"Hendl in The Playhouse".- Ve~e posve}eno OskaruDanonu. Ovaj veliki majstormuzike, na`alost kao da je biozaboravljen u dobrom dijelubivše domovine. Vidjeli smosnimke i fotografije dobijeneod njegove familije i slušalipoznatu muziku. Oskar Donon,tada ve} u poodmakloj dobi iveoma bolestan, napustio nas

je samo nekoliko dana kasnijetako da je to izgledalo kaoposljednji oproštaj sa njim.- Mnogi jevrejski pisci pišuhumor sa jevrejskomtematikom. Medjutim ima jakopuno humora proisteklog iznaroda. Posvetili smo jednove~e tom humoru po Oljinomizboru, {to zna~i da su biliuglavnom duhoviti i kratkivicevi.- Organizovali smo Hanukasijelo i upalili sedmu svije}u.Pored toga organizovali smo inaša redovna sijela. Na`alostSeder ve~e nismo organizovaliove godine jer su mnogi~lanovi iskoristili povezivanjejev rejskih praznika saeng lesk im p razn icima ivikendima, te i skoristi limogu}nost da odu na du`egodišnje odmore.- Jedan od engleskih praznikakoji smo usvojili i redovnoobilje`avamo u klubu je St.Valentine’s Day – danzaljubljenih. Ove godine uzmalo sijelo, ljubavnu poeziju,muziku i ples.- Proslavili smo još jedan odengleskih praznika Pan CakeDay. Dan pala~inki. Za razli~itepala~inke pobrinula se @enskasekcija.- Mladi i veoma talentovaniMarko Ad`i} priredio nam jejedno prijatno ve~e. U maniruodraslog šoumena otpjevaonam je pjesme sa svog prvogCD-a. Marka su pratil i,instrumentalno i vokalno,Bojan i Milena koji su kasnijei sami otpjevali nešto iz svogarepertoara.- Ve}ina nas je osjeti lavelikodušno djelovanje ipomo} WJR-a za sve ovegod ine koje smo ovde.Organizovali smo Charity ve~eda i mi pomognemo njima dapomognu drugima. Na veomauspješnoj dobrotvornoj ve~erismo se pridru`ili akci jipru`an ja pomo}i `rtvamazemljotresa u Haitiju.-Ponovo kviz ve~e. Prošli puttema je bila Sarajevo, ovaj putbilo je na temu bivše domovine.- Ve~e je bilo na temu raznih

šaljivih, smiješnih ali i tu`nihstvari koje su nam se desile odnašeg dolaska u ovu zemlju.Sve je odr`ano u opuštenojatmosferi bez neke posebneorganizacije.- Svjetlana Marijanov i}odr`ala je predavanje na temutzv 'Visokih praznika'. To sujevrejski praznici koji naj~eš}epadaju u septembru. Svjetlanaje govorila o zna~aju,simbolici, porjeklu i obi~ajimavezanim za ove praznike.- Organ izovali i nekolikoprojekcija filmova sa bivšihnaših prostora. Pogledali smo isnimak koncerta “Indeksi iprijatelji” sn imljenog uLjubljani 2007g. Tako|e smonekoliko ve~eri gledali emisijeiz serije “Lud , zbunjen,normalan”. Pog ledali smojedan interesantan bugarskidokumentarni film redateljkeAdele Peeve pod nazivom“^ija je ovo pesma”. Rije~ je opjesmi koja je kod nas poznatapod imenom “Crne kose curoima{” Ispalo je da svi naBalkanu svojataju ovu pjesmukao svoju, izvode}i je u nekojlokalno j verzij i,nipodaštavaju}i sve ostale.-Izleti su ipak ostalinajpopularnija aktivnost uklubu. U prošloj godini smoposjetili Folkestone, mjesto naobali, St. Albans, gradi} sadugom istorijom, Knole Housei park, engleski zamak star 500god ina i Hast ings gdje suNormani porazili engleze 1066godine.Godišnja skupština je završenaglasanjem i izborom novogOdbora i to: Irena Altarac,Branko Danon, @elimirKu~inovi}-^aja, SvjetlanaMarijanovi}, Boris Montiljo,Olja Risti} i Miro Smiljani}.Kasnije na konstitutivnomsastanku Odbora. Olja jeponovo izabrana za blagajnikaa i stari predsjednik je ponovoizabran na tu funkciju.Na kraju skupštine po`eljelismo svima ROSH HASHANA -Sretnu Novu 5771 godinu, i svenajbolje za Jom Kipur i Sukot.Boris Montiljo

The sixteenth annual generalmeeting of our society – theninth since I started my presi-dency – was held on the 16th ofSeptember 2010.Attendance was the usual onein spite of all the appeals andtricks to attract bigger numbers.Everybody knows, though,that nothing exciting will hap-pen; everything always followsthe same pattern with littlevariations in the dealt withproblems, reached conclusionsor presented reports. Thosemembers who live at greaterdistances decide to come onlywhen there are more interest-ing things on the programme.Luckily we do not lack in suchevents.As always, the assembly wasopened by the report on theactivities during the past year.Although it becomes ever moredifficult to find new topics,events and people to deliverthem we manage to maintain adecent level of activities in theclub.An additional problem hasbeen the all encompassing sav-ings resulting from the eco-nomic crisis in G.B. WJR wasnot exempted from such devel-opments. As a result of their de-creased income the amount oftheir support to us was propor-tionally decreased. Our biggestsuccess last year probably wasthe fact that we continued withthe same level of activities inspite of the decreased budget.Part of our expenses was cov-ered by funds collected frommembership and donations.The importance of collectionof membership has been em-

phasized time and again – notwith great success, regretfully.The share of the membership isbecoming ever smaller whencompared to the donation bynon-members. I take this oppor-tunity to thank them.Here is what we did the previ-ous year:-This club year started with an

evening of poetry organized bythe standing poetry team Mia,Olja, Jadranka with a numberof volunteers who helped withthe choice of poetry they like.Dragan Ungar stood for all themen during the evening.- Some years ago JelenaKalicin presented to us differ-ent techniques of work on pot-tery. This year she presented thedifferent techniques of work onglass explaining it on her beau-tiful works.- Vesko completed his cycleabout the mountains, moun-tain chalets and mountaintracks in our former homeland,commenting on pictures show-ing Serbia, Montenegro andMacedonia.- Zak Ozmo, with a PhD in mu-sicology, a teacher who playson lute and theorbo, talked tous about old string instruments,about his research in music. Hefound the forgotten musicworks composed duringHandel’s stay in England andrecorded them for the first timewith his group “L’Avventura”under the title: Handel in ThePlayhouse.- An evening dedicated to OskarDanon. This great master ofmusic seems regretfully to beforgotten in many parts of ourformer homeland. We sawdocuments and photographsreceived from his family and welistened to music well knownto us. Oskar Danon, who wasalready very ill at that time, leftus only a few days later. Thatwas actually bidding him ourlast farewells.- As is well known there aremany prominent Jewish au-

thors writing humour withJewish themes, much of it isfolk humour. One evening welistened to Olja’s selectionfrom this abundance. This ac-tually meant – short amusingjokes.- We organized a Hanukahparty and lit the seventh can-dle. We organized our regularparties as well. It is a pity wecould not organize the Sederthis year, but many of ourmembers took the advantageof the possibility to combine

the Jewish holidays with theEnglish ones with the additionof weekend days and go for pro-longed holidays.- One of the English holidaysthat we have adopted is St. Val-entine’s Day – celebrating love.We marked it this year with asmall party, love poetry, musicand dance.

- Another English holiday ap-peared on our calendar – ThePancake Day. We thank ourWomen Group for the varietyand quantity we enjoyed thatday.- Jadranka and Miro talkedabout their recent travels. Thistime it was Milan and Veronawith many photographs.Among other things they sawin Milan The Last Supper byLeonardo. In Verona, well asexpected, everything wasRomeo and Juliet.- Another travel experience.This time by Dra{ko Suvajd`i}who shared with us his experi-ences on the Canary Islandsshowing us pictures and tell-ing many interesting thingsabout these Atlantic Ocean vol-canic islands that belong toSpain.- We enjoyedthe eveningwith the youngand talentedMarko Ad`i}who sangsongs from hisfirst CD in amanner of agrown upshowman. Hisvocal and in-strumental ac-companimentswere Milenaand Bojan.They too sanga few songs from their reper-toire later.- Most of us experienced thegenerous effects and supportby WJR during all the yearssince we came. We organized acharity evening to help themto help others. During a suc-cessful evening we joined theefforts to help the Haiti Earth-quake victims.- It is already Zoran Molinar’spractice to flee from the “cold”British winter to warmer re-gions. Last winter it was almosta month in Egypt: Sharm ElSheik, the southernmost spot ofSinai peninsula. It took himtwo evenings to tell us abouthis impressions and experi-ences.- Another evening dedicated totravels: Israel, for the third time.We heard Mia and Braco twoyears ago, Miro and Jadranka ayear ago, and this time it was@eljko Ku~inovi} - ^aja. Hetold us how he felt during histravels in Israel and meeting hisfriends from Sarajevo, who arenow Israeli citizens.- Another quiz evening. Lasttime the topic was Sarajevo.This time it was about ourformer homeland. The winners

were Braco and Mia.- An evening of an-ecdotes covering the periodsince our arrival in this coun-try. Some were funny or amus-ing but some were even sad.Run in a relaxed atmosphereand without any formal organi-zation.People were sharing with eve-rybody else things they couldremember.- Svjetlana Marijanovi} edu-cated us about the Jewish HighHolidays. She gave informa-tion we did not know about thesignificance of these holidays,their symbolism, origins andcustoms.- We saw several films from theregions we came from. Wewatched the record of the con-cert of “Indeksi i prijatelji”taken in Ljubljana in 2007.

Several episodes from a popu-lar series took also some of theclub evenings. “Whose song isthis?” an interesting Bulgariandocumentary film directed byAdela Peeva talks about a songquite popular in former Yugo-slavia. According to it all theBalkan countries claim that itis their song only. Each of thesecountries has their own versionof the song and each and everyone rejects all the other claims.- Nevertheless, the outings arestill most popular. During theprevious year we visited Folke-stone, St Albans, Knole Houseand Park and Hastings.The new Board was elected byvotes at the end of the AnnualAssembly. These are the mem-bers of the new Board: IrenaAltarac, Branko Danon, @elimirKu~inovi} - ^aja, SvjetlanaMarijanovi}, Boris Montiljo,Olja Risti} and Miro Smiljani}.The Board later elected Oljaagain to be the treasurer and theprevious president kept hisfunction.At the end of the assembly withSHANA TOVA best wishes wereexpressed for the New 5771year and an easy Yom Kippur.Boris Montiljo

SIXTEENTH AGM

U^ITELJICAMoje formalno {kolovanjepo~elo je u dosta ~udn imokolnostima. Imao sam {estgodina, jo{ je bjesnio rat, analazio sam se sa majkomnegdje u zb jegu naoslobo|enoj teritoriji Korduna.Vrijedi navesti okolnosti podkojim smo se tu na{li. Mojamajka i ja smo se nalazili ugrupi sarajevsk ih Jevrejainternirani u i tali janskikoncentracioni logor na otokuRabu. Kapitulacijom Italije,septembra 1943. godine,italijanska stra`a koja je ~uvalalogor povukla se alogora{i su bi lislobodni da idu. Aligd je po}i kad senalazite na otoku aNjemci mogu svaki~as okupirati otok itada bi na{a sudbinabila izvjesna. Zatosu nas partizaniprebacili nao s l o b o | e n uteritoriju Like iKorduna i smjestilinas kao izbjeglicepo selima. Najbli`eve}e mjesto jeVojni}, zadnja po{taselo Krnjak a zaselakgdje smo smje{tenizove se ^atrnja. E utoj ^atrnji po{aosam prvi put u {kolu.Za tu priliku majka mi je sa{ilato rbu od stotinjak mal ihpa~voraka razli~itih tkanina. Unju sam mogao staviti samo parlistova nekakvog ̀ utog papirai pola za{iljene olovke. Torbaje imala i jedan konop tako dasam je mogao nositi prekoramena. Dugo poslije zavr{etkarata ~uvao sam tu torbu koja jena `alost izgubljena pedesetgodina kasnije u jednomdrugom ratu.[kola, neka napu{tena {tala nakraju sela, primala jedvadesetak |aka razli~i testarosti i uzrasta a svi su i{li uprvi razred. U~iteljica je bilalijepa mlada partizanka uvojni~koj unifo rmi satitovkom na glavi, blaga ali

od lu~na. Ne mogu sasigurno{}u re}i da l i je tostvarno moje sje}anje izgledau~iteljice ili je to idealiziranaslika mlade partizankeizgra|ena na osnovu kasnijihsoc-realisti~kih filmova. Bioje januar 1945. godine,napolju ci~a zima, a u {tali –{koli samo malo toplije odmale pe}i na drva oko koje smose okupili. Promrzli prsti jedvada su dr`ali olovku. Nije bilotable pa je u~iteljica i{la odjenog do drugog |aka ipokazivala {ta je tog dana

trebalo nau~iti. [kola u ̂ atrnjitrajala je nekih mjesec dana. Zato vrijeme nau~ili smo prvonapisati velik im slovimaDRUG TITO a zatim i svojeime. [kola je naprasnoprekinuta jednog dana ufebruaru povicima :”Eto ihpreko Korane”. To u prevoduzna~i da je njema~ko-usta{kaofanziva u toku i da {to prijetreba bje`ati put Petrove Goredok se situacija ne smiri. To sezvalo bje`anija. Danas kadpogledam geografsku kartu togdijela Korduna, shvatim kakoje bilo kriti~no. Rijeka Koranaje samo par kilometaraudaljena od sela a do PetroveGore, sigurnog skloni{ta ima ipetnaest kilometara. Kad jeofanziva jenjala nakon

nekoliko dana, vratili smo se uselo, ali u~iteljica se ni jevratila pa je tako i {kolaprestala sa radom.Kad je rat kona~no zavr{en,vratili smo se u Sarajevonegdje koncem maja 1945.godine. U {kolu sam po{aoodmah u junu . Bi la je to“partizanska {kola” jedan odoblika tada{nje euforije da seizgradi zemlja i novi ~ovjek iako to mo`e brzo ili odmah.[kola je trajala od juna doseptembra, dakle za tri mjesecatrebalo je savladati prvi razredda bi na jesen krenuo unormalnu {kolu. Za ovu prilikudobio sam novu {kolsku torbukoju smo zvali torbak. Torbakvrijedi opisati jer se valjdanigdje vi{e ne pominje usje}anjima mojih vr{njaka.Torbak je napravljen od dvije

drvene stranice koje su bilespojene u krug ka{iran impapirom. Na vrhu je bila ru~kaza no{enje. Ne treba podsje}atikako se |aci odnose prema{kolskim torbama pa je torbak,uglavnom naprav ljen odpapira, brzo izgubio svoj obliki funkciju. Majstor koji jepravio i prodavao torbakeimao je radnju u Logavinojulici, u podrumu gdje je kasnijebio ~uveni sarajevski kafi}“Stari Sat”. On je prema meniimao neki poseban prijateljskiodnos. Napravio bi mibesplatno novi torbak kad godbi mu donio drvene stranice.Moja prva u~iteljica zvala seZora Prodanovi}. Kadpomislim na nju prvo se sjetimjedne pjesme koju nas je

nau~ila, koja serazlikovala odp a r t i z a n s k i hpjesama koje sam pjevao uKordunu. Ta pjesma je naravnopartizanska pjesma o Titu aliza mene je to ljubavna pjesmapar excellance:Sa Ov~ara i Kablara^obanica progovaraDru`e Tito vedra licaKad }e{ do}i do U`icaKad }e{ do~i u U`icei dovesti jediniceDa ja vidim svoga MilaKako ~etom paradira.Drago mi je {to sam do`ivio dau~estvujem koju godinu i udigitalnom sv ijetu. Ovupjesmu sad ~esto slu{am sasvog kompjutera na you tube ito u izvo|enju velikog basabeogradske opera Miroslava^angalovi}a.

Tesko da se mogusjetiti lika u~iteljiceZore ali neki detalji,fragmenti sje}anja iztog prvog razredaprave {kole izlaze mina svjetlo dana kao izneke tame. Ve}ina nas|aka prvaka bila je nadosta niskom nivouop{te obavije{tenostii pona{anja. Rekaobih da smo se vladalikao da smo do{li “iz{ume” {to u ovomslu~aju nije samofigurativni opis negoi realna ~injenica.Znam da je u~iteljicaZora radila sa nama sao g r o m n i mentuzijazmom, ~ak je

zakazivala vanredne ~asovekoje smo imali u nekoj {kolina Bjelavama. Tu je sa namaradila individualno gdje smovje`bal i ~i tanje i sricalismije{ne tekstove iz bukvarakoji su mi i onda izgledalitupavo kao {to mi i sadaizgledaju : “ Osa sisa”, ” D`aferima d`ezvu”. Sje}am se dobromuka kroz koje sam pro{ao kadnam je Zora zadala doma}izadatak da ilustrujemoEzopovu basnu o `abi i lavu.Lava sam nekako nacrtaogledaju}i neku slikovnicu,mada je vi{e li~ila na ma~kukojoj je nakalemljena griva.Problem je bio nacrtati `abu.Crtao sam i brisao, brisao icrtao dok se papir nije istanjio

Na{ dopisnik iz Vankuvera, Albi Papo, odazvao se na na{apel iz prethodnog broja da se javite sa prilozima oosobama koje su uticale na razvoj nasih li~nosti – na{imnastavnicima. Evo njegove pri~e.

Nastavak na strani 4

i gotovo poderao. Uvijek se kaorezultat rada javljao nekimonstrum nepoznat u`ivotinjskom carstvu. Uplakanpozvao sam majku u pomo}. Iona se dosta namu~ila crtaju}i`abu po sje}anju ali je `ababila prili~no vjerno prikazana.Me|utim, i lust raci ja kaocjelina bila je u`asna. Problemje bio u proporcijama. @aba jebila tri puta ve}a od lava i kaoda je samo vrebala da ga ujednom zalogaju proguta. NoZora je prihvat ila i takvuilustraciju blago se nasmijalai tra`ila da {to vi{e vje`bamcrtanje.Ali zato izgleda da sam vi{ebio naklon jen pri rodn imnaukama. Kad sam ilustrovaometeorolo{ku pojavu munje iki{e dobio sam od u~iteljiceprvu pohvalu, i to javnu, predrazredom. Nacrtao sam dvaoblaka iznad neke planine,jedan prekriven plusevima adrugi minusima (val jdaelektricitet, {ta bi drugo bilo)kako se sudaraju a kao rezultatsudara javlja se cik-cak munjai kapi ki{e.Zora je za nas predstavljalaapsolutni autoritet, ja~i odsvakog drugog uklju~uju}i iroditeljskog. Svaka njena rije~bila je zakon. A istovremeno umom sje}an ju ona sepojavljuje kao jedna prelijepamlada `ena, koja neprestanopri~a razne pri~e, stvarne iizmi{ljene o ljudima i`ivo tinjama. Nekad nas jeprosto mu~ila tra`e}i da stotineputa napi{emo po jedno jedinoslovo ili rije~ a opet ~esto biznala da nas okupi kao kvo~kapili}e i pri~a neke ~udne pri~eo novom vremenu koje dolazi,o blagostanju i op{toj sre}i zasve.Nije sve u {koli vezano zasticanje znanja i vje{tina. Biloje tu svakakvih nesta{luka urazredu i van razreda. Dva mojapajda{a iz iste ulice, Asaf iHilmo, sjedili su iza mene ineprestano smi{ljali zabavu danama a bogme ni u~iteljici nebude dosadno. Jednog danaAsaf je do{ao u {kolu sa nekombojom. Hilmo ga je zamolio daga oboji po licu a kad je svebilo gotovo, samo je mirnoustao i po`alio se: “Drugariceu~iteljice vidite {ta mi je Asafuradio.” Obojica su, za kaznu,

MY TEACHERMy formal education beganunder strange circumstances. Iwas six and the war was till rag-ing. My mother and I were refu-gees on the freed territory ofKordun. It is worthwhile explain-ing how and why. The two ofus were among the SarajevoJews interned in the Italian con-centration camp on the Islandof Rab. When Italy capitulatedin September of 1943 the Italianguards in charge of the campretreated and the camp intern-ees were free to go whereverthey wanted. But where to gofrom an island that was boundto be occupied by the Germanswhich would make certain ourdestiny. To avoid such outcome

the Partisans had transferred usto the freed territories of Likaand Kordun placing us – therefugees in the hamlets of thearea. We were stationed in^atrnja, a hamlet near to the vil-lage of Krnjak. The only placein the vicinity of any recogniz-able size was Vojni~.The bag that my mother madefor that occasion was a sort ofpatchwork put together ofabout one hundred patches. Itcould hold only a few sheets ofsome yellowed paper and half a

sharpened pencil. There was arope attached to it so that Icould have it over my shoulder.For a long time after the war wasover I hang on to it but it wassadly lost some fifty years laterin another war.The school – an abandonedbarn at the edge of the village –accommodated about twentypupils of different ages. All ofthem attended the form 1. Theteacher was a beautiful younggirl in Partisan army uniformwith a Tito-style hat on her head.Gentle but decisive. I cannot besure whether this has been myreal memory of her looks orwhether an idealized image of ayoung Partisan girl formed bylater socrealism films. It wasJanuary of 1945, bitterly coldoutside, and in the barn –school only a bit warmer thanksto a small wood fired stovearound which we would gather.There was no board and theteacher would go from one pu-pil to another explaining the les-son of the day. The school at^atrnja was open for about amonth. Over that period we hadlearnt how to write in capital let-ters first of all COMRADE TITOand later our names. The edu-cat ion was suddenly inter-rupted in February by shouts:“There they come over KoranaRiver”. In translation it meantthat the Germans-and-Ustashasoffensive was under way andthat we had to flee as soon aspossible to Petrova Gora andwait for the situation to calmdown. We were used to theseflights. When I look today tothe geographic map of that partof Kordun I understand howcritical the situation was. Thereis only a few kilometres fromKorana River to the village wewere in but from the village toPetrova Gora, our safe haventhere is some fifteen kilometres.A few days later when the of-fensive subsided we returnedto the village but the teacher didno t come back and so theschool ceased to operate.When the war finally ended we

stajali cijeli dan okrenuti zidu.Sa njima sam bio u dru{tvu kadsmo naprav ili ne{to ve}unepodob{tinu u dvori{tu zavrijeme odmora. Uzeli smokomadi} karabita i stavili umalu rupu u zemlji, a zatimnasuli malo vode prekokarabita. Sve smo pokri lipraznom konzervom koja jeimala otvor na gornjoj strani.Sa~ekali smo par sekundi azatim na otvor konzerve baciliupaljeni papir. Slijedila je“stra{na” eksplozija i konzervaje odletila par metara uvis uzna{e veliko odu{evl jenje.Naravno sva t rojica smoodstajali za kaznu jo{ jedandan. Kad sam deset godinakasnije kao studen t prvegodine hemije u~io nekebazi~ne hemijske reakcije ipisao hemijske jedna~ine,medju njima je bila i reakcijakarabita sa vodom pri ~emu serazvija eksplozivan gas. Ne bezponosa mogao sam kolegamabruco{ima saop{titi da sam tu

reakciju li~no izvodio kad samimao samo sedam godina.Pro{lo je od tada {ezdeset i petgodina. Ljudsko sje}anje jevrlo problemati~na kategorija.Ta tri mjeseca pod nadzoromu~iteljice Zore Prodanovi}usjekli su se u moje sje}anjetako jasno, kao niz odvojenihvizuelnih i zvu~nih slika, kojenikad ne}u zaboraviti. U istovri jeme ~itave godine{kolovanja ostaju prazne umom sje}anju kao bijeli listpapira.

Our Correspondent from Vancouver, Albi Papo haskindly responded to our appeal from the previousissue to offer us recounts of people who influencedour lives in our development phase as personalities– our professors. Here is his story

Nastavak sa strane 3

went back to Sarajevo late inMay of 1945. I started going toschool immediately in June. Itwas a “Partisans School” oneof the forms of euphoria thatexisted at that time to build thecountry and the new man and ifpossible quicklyand immediately.The duration of thecourse was threemonths – from Juneto September, overwhich period I wassupposed to coverthe first grade inorder to join thenormal school inau tumn. I had anew school bag forthis occasion. It isworthwhile describ-ing the bag, stand-ard for that period,because it does notfeature in the memo-ries of my genera-tion. It was made oftwo wooden sidesconnected by card-board. A carrying handle wasat the top. Due to the univer-sally known behaviour of chil-dren with their school bags thisbag made mainly of paperquickly lost its form and func-tion. The craftsman who madeand sold the bags had his shopin the Logavina Street in a cel-lar that later was converted to“Stari Sat” (The Old Clock), thewell-known Sarajevo café. Hewas quite fond of me and wouldmake me a new bag when Ibrought him the wooden sides.The name of my first teacherwas Zora Prodanovi}. When Ithink of her the first thing I re-member is a song she taught us.It differed from the partisansongs I used to sing in Kordun.It was a song about a youngshepherd girl waiting for Tito’sunits to come to her part of theworld so that she might see herbeloved parading among hiscomrades. Although obviouslyyet another partisan song, forme it was a quintessential lovesong.This digital era that I am happyto enjoy enables me simply togo to you tube on my computerand listen to this song per-formed by Miroslav^angalovi}, the once greatbass singer of Belgrade Opera.It is hardly possible for me toremember the face of my teacher

Zora, but some details and frag-ments of memory from the firstyear of the real school appearout of the darkness of gone byyears. Most of us in the firstgrade were at quite a low levelof general knowledge and be-

haviour. One might say that webehaved as if we came “fromwoods”. In this case it was notonly a figurative description, butactually a fact. I know that ourteacher Zora worked with uswith huge enthusiasm; sheeven organized special addi-tional classes in another school.She gave us one-to-onetuitions in reading and spellingabsurd texts from text bookswhich I considered then to bedaft, just the same as I do evennow: it was something equiva-lent to the English “she sells seashells” .. or “I saw Iso on theseesaw”. I do remember well mytroubles when we were givento illustrate Aesop’s fable aboutthe frog and the lion for ourhomework. I managed to drawthe lion somehow by looking ata picture in one of the children’sbooks, although it looked morelike a cat to which the mane wasattached. The problem was todraw the frog. I drew anderased, erased and drew, thin-ning the paper almost to de-struction. The result of my ef-forts was always a monster un-known in the animal kingdom.Crying I asked my mother forhelp. She also had hard timedrawing the frog but it lookedquite authentic. But the wholeillustration was terrible. Theproblem was in the proportions.

The frog was three times big-ger than the lion and as if wait-ing for an opportunity to swal-low him in one bite. But Zorahad accepted even this illustra-tion with a gentle smile andasked to practice drawing more.

It seems, though, that I wasmore inclined to sciences. I waspraised by the teacher for thefirst time for the illustration ofthe meteorological phenom-enon of thunder and rain. Sheprised me publicly so that all theclass could hear it. I drew twoclouds above a mountain, onecovered by plus symbols, theother by minus symbols (elec-tricity I assume, what else couldit be?), clashing one with theother. The result of the clash wasthe zigzag thunder and raindrops.Zora was the absolute author-ity for us, more powerful thanany other, the parents included.Any word she uttered was thelaw. But also she appears in mymemories as a most beautifulyoung woman constantly tell-ing different stories both realand fictional ones about peo-ple and animals. Sometimes, onthe other hand, she simply tor-tured us asking us to write onesingle letter or word for hun-dreds of times, but then againshe would gather us as the henwould gather her chickens tell-ing us strange stories about theapproaching new era, aboutabundance and general happi-ness.Everything in school does nothave to do always with knowl-edge and skills. All sorts of mis-

chief took placewithin and outsidethe classroom. Twoof my mates from the streetwhere I lived – Asaf and Hilmo– who were sitting behind mewere always thinking out how

to entertain the classand the teacher and tofree us of bo redom.Once, Asaf came to theclass with some paint.Hilmo asked him to painthis face and when eve-rything was done Hilmogot up calmly and com-plained: “Comradeteacher, see what Asafhas done to me”. Bothwere punished to standthe whole day throughfacing the wall. I was intheir company when wecreated a somewhatmore serious disturbancein the school yard dur-ing a break. We placed apiece of carbide into asmall hole in the groundand poured over it a bitof water. We covered

everything with an empty canwith a hole on the top plate,waited for a few seconds andthen threw a lighted paper tothe opening of the can. Thatwas followed by a “frightful”explosion which sent the canflying a couple of meters intothe air with our huge exhilara-tion. Needless to mention, thatall the three of us were pun-ished by standing anotherwhole day. Ten years later, as afirst year chemistry student Iwas learning base chemical re-actions and was writing somechemical formulas when I cameacross the one referring tocarbitol reaction with water dur-ing which an explosive gas isdeveloping. Not without prideI told my colleagues, the firstyear students that I carried outthat reaction when I was onlyseven.Sixty five years went by sincethen. Human memory is quite aproblematic category. The threemonths supervised by theteacher Zora Prodanovi} cutinto my memory very clearly asa sequence of separate visualand audio images that I willnever forget. On the other handwhole years of my schoolingremain empty in my memory asblank pieces of paper.

Sav `ivi i ne`ivi svijet, naZemlji i van Zemlje i svugdjeu svemiru sastoji se od onihsitnih ~estica ~ije ime svakodobro zna (ali njihovusuštinu, teško) - atoma.Zaboravimo na momenat štosmo u~ili u školi o atomima isvemiru i sli~nim stvarima i akobaš nemamo nekog drugog“pametn ijeg” poslaraskomotimo se u fotelji,pustimo muziku i pokušajmoprodiskutirati o suštini, šta jeatom ustvari. Isti mentalniproces probajmo pokrenuti,da sebi odgovorimo napi tanje šta se doga|alorecimo, tokom prve tri minute`ivota svemira (od famoznogBing- Bang-a)?Teško da neko od ~itaocamo`e dati ta~an i konkretanodgovor na to, a da budemiskren, ni ja (u suprotnom,moje radno mjesto ne bi biloovdje gdje je).A da bi dali kakav-takavodgovor na ta pitanja i jošmnogo njih, (da ne pominjempitanje recimo šta je svjetlost,a probati }u kasnije?) moralibi sebi predstaviti veli~inekao recimo hiljadu miljarditidio jednog milimetra, i lihiljadu miljarditi dio jednesekunde, ili udaljenost odhiljadu miljardi svetlosnihgodina, vremenski interval od14 miljardi godina (bez onog“svjetlosnih”)…Dovoljno sam zamutio stvar, dabih još postavio pitanje šta seto doga|a i doga|a lo ujednom tako malom i velikomintervalu vremena na takomalom i velikom intervaludu`ine i prostora uopšte.Kad spomenemo rije~ atom,onda ug lavnom svi sebipredstavimo sliku onakvukakvu su nam profe fizikecrtali; nekoliko koncentri~nihkrugova na koj ima suozna~ene ta~ke sa znakomminus pored njih, a u centrutoga je nekoliko ta~kica saznakom plus i nekoliko ta~kicabez ikakvog znaka. Mislim danas je danski fizi~ar Niels Bohrsve dobro “izradio” kad jeobjašnjavao svoju zamisaokako atom izgleda. Jer otada pana dalje nastale su muke. Kadpomislimo o atomu, ne mo`e ada se pred nas ne pojavi ta slika..A kako se mo`e nacrtati neštošto je tako malo da se nizamisliti ne mo`e i ko je to ikad

vidio pa da ka`e da atom baštako izgleda.E, onda se pojavio jedan ~ikicakoga ug lavnom sv i dobroznamo po kovrd`avoj sjedojkosi i sjedim brkovima;glavom i b radom- AlbertEinstein. On je rekao jednumudroliju (pored svih ostalihmudrolija za koje je dobio iNobelovu nagradu 1921), a

koju mo`emo sa`eti u našuodoma}enu: “Mašta mo`esvašta, a znanje dolazi samo posebi”. Upravo je to {to odlikujevelike znanstvenike - mašta.Oni su u svoj im galvamastvarali “modele” svih tihnedoku~ivih i nevid ljiv ihrealiteta- ka`em realiteta jer onirealno postoje (o dokazimamalo kasnije) Ti modeli nisumaterijalna rep rezantacijastvarnog predmeta, onako kakobi recimo model ku}epredstavljao ku}u praveveli~ine, ve} mentalna slikakoja se mo`e opisati samopomo}u udjela neiscrpnemašte i alata koji se zovematematika.U relacijama tako sitnih iogromnih dimenzija nau~nicisu, za nas obi~ne smrtnike,sasvim lijepo dokazali da neštou isto vrijeme mo`e biti “ibijelo i crno”, ili da budemojoš smjeli ji u našojmaštovitosti, u isto vrijeme ibiti i ne biti. Jedan primjer zato je svjetlost, ograni~imo sena onu koju mi vidimo,(“bijelu”). Prvo se mislilo da jesvjetlost jedna ogromna masamalih sitnih ~estica koja ide“sv jetlosnom brzinom”pravom linijom sa jednog

mjesta na drugo. Onda suexperimenti pokazivali da jesvjetlo ogromna masa malihtalas~i}a. I nastala je prepirkame|u nau~nicima. Sve dok senije postigao kompromis da jesvjetlost i jedno i drugo (“icrno i bijelo”). Razlog sve tezbrke u stvari le`i u našojljudskoj mašti, jer se stalno“ka~ilo” oko ne~ega što je

trebalo opisati, a što je u cjelinigledano totalno druga~ije odbilo ~ega {to se mo`e opipati,omirisati, vidjeti, ~uti…, tjdruga~ije od svega {to smoiskusi li našim osjeti lima..Svjetlo je dakle kvantni (kadupotrijebimo rije~ “kvantni”mislimo na sve mikro veli~inevremena i prostora koje samprije spominjao) fenomen kojise jedino mo`e opisatimatemati~kim rije~nikom, aliza koji na`alost kod ljudskerase do danas ne posto jimen talna sl ika izsvakodnevnog `ivota koja bidala predstavu kakvo je ono ustvari.Da ne idemo dalje o tome (a ikako bi, jer su se o tome pisalei pišu knjige, brane doktorati,dobivaju Nobelove nagradeitd, a to bi za ovaj broj Salonabilo malo p reviše), pa daspomenemo malo famoznuEinstein-ovu teori jurelativnosti i slavnu formulu“E =m puta C na kvadrat”. Usvojoj duboko j bi ti ovaformula i teorija relativnosti seodnose na isto ; kretan jematerijalnog ob jekta uvremenu i prostoru, u ma kakomalim ili velikim razmjeramaposmatrano.

Ljudi misle da jeteorija relativnostiod po~etka do krajaumotvorevina AlbertaEinsteina. On je u stvari u prvojdekadi dvadesetog vijeka radiou jednom patentnom uredu uŠvajcarskoj i o tome uopštenije razmišljao. Kako je istorijarazvoja nauke iscrpljuju}ipredmet, p resko~i t }emomnoge Albertove predhodnikei krenuti pravo u najva`nijedijelove teorije relativnosti.Vrijeme i du`ina (prostor,generalno) nisu apsolutni kakose to smatralo u klasi~nojnauci . Predpostavite dvijesestre blizankinje, jedanaostaje na Zemlji, a druga odena vo`nju svemirom, alibrzinom skoro kao brzinasvjetlost. Poslije 10 godinakoliko je pro{lo po njenomkaledaru, ona okrene brod ipravac- ku}a. Njen kalendar usvemirskom brodu prema tomepokazje da je joj je put trajao20 godina (“tamo i nazad”) iona je sada u svojoj ve} ne takomladoj dobi od 45 godina.Predpostavimo da je bila dobrau poznavan ju teori jerelativnost i i njen immatemati~kim zakonima, tenije bila mnogo iznena|enakada je ponovo srela sestrublizankinju koja ju je cijelo tovrijme ~ekala na Zemlji, aliko joj je sada 71 godina.Zaklju~ak: kada putujete krozsvemir brzinom oko 90%brzine svjetlosti, to je ujedno i

put kroz vrijeme. Vi u stvariputujete u budu}nost, i vine}ete toliko ostariti kolikooni koji vas ~ekaju na Zemlji.Njima vrijeme ide sporije.Teško zamislivo, ali realno.

POPULARNA NAUKA

Kad smo upotr ijebili rije~brzina svetlosti, koristili smorije~ “skoro”. Zato {to sve štose kre}e brzinom svetlosti,prestaje imati osobine materijei p relazi u - energ iju (pospomenutoj Einsteinovojformuli).Einsten je tvrdio da je sverelativno osim jedne stvari:brzina svjetlosti. Ona jeapsolutna i iznosi blizu tristohiljada kilometara u sekundi.Evo jo{ jedna neizvodiva

predpostavka: vi ste jedanfoton (osnovna ~est icasv jetlosti ), koja putu jesv jetlosnom brzinom odSunca prema Zemlji unezamislivo j ko li~ini t ihfotona koji putuju sa vama isim

brzinom. Na neki na~invi dodajete gas i ho}eteda prestignete jednogkoji je ispred vas. Na{es v a k o d n e v n orazmi{ljanje navodi nasda mo`emo o~ekivati da}ete ga prete}i. Nau~nicisu otkrili (”ma{ta mo`esva{ta”) na vel ikoiznena|enje ostal ihsmrtnika, iako se vikre}ete ”b r`e odsvjetlosti”, svjetlo ne}eostati iza vas. Drugimrije~ima, fotoni uvijekpobje|uju – ni{ta nemo`e putovati br`e odsvjetla.Nau~nici su ~ak i prijeEinsteina dali sljede}eob ja{n jenje za ovajbizarni fenomen, koji je

jedino obja{njiv, {to br`e sekre}ete u odnosu na brzinusvjetlosti, va{a jedinica du`inepostaje kra}a i va{e mjerenje(proticanje) vremena postajesporije.

All life and all matter both onEarth and away and anywherein the Universe is made of thosetiny particles the name of which(but hardly also its essence) iswell known to everybody – theatom.Let us forget for a moment whatwe have learnt in school aboutatoms and the Universe andsimilar things and if there is noother more “pressing” thing todo let us relax in an armchair,put on some music and try todefine what is really an atom.Let us try the same mental proc-ess which would give us theanswer to the question what forinstance was going on duringthe first three minutes of Uni-verse existence (after the fa-mous Big Bang).It is hardly possible that any ofthe readers could give a preciseand specific answer to thatquestion and to be honest nei-ther could I (otherwise I wouldhave another job).

Nevertheless, to be able to giveany sort of answer to these andmany other questions (not tomention for example the ques-tion: what is light? I’ll try it later)we should conjure up values asare say one thousand billionthpart of a millimetre, or one thou-sand billionth part of a second,or distances of one thousandbillions of light years, a time in-terval of 14 billion years (with-out “light” in this case). …Things are already confusingenough for me to add yet an-other question: what has beenhappening in such a short and

such a long time interval in sucha small and such a long dis-tance interval and space in gen-eral.When the word atom is men-tioned almost everybody pic-ture the image presented to usby our science teachers: a fewconcentric circles marked withdots with minus signs next tothem and in the centre somemore dots with plus signs andsome with no signs at all. Itseems that Niels Bohr, the Dan-ish physicist “pulled our leg”when he described how he sawthe image of the atom; becausetroubles started then. When weonly think of the atom we cannot avoid that image. How is itpossible to draw something sosmall that it is even not possi-ble to imagine it; whoever sawit to be able to say that it is howthe atom looks like?But then a man appeared whomalmost everybody knows wellby his recognizable unruly grey

hair and grey moustache;yes, I am talking aboutAlbert Einstein. Amongthe many wise things welearned from him (whichbrought him the NobelPrize in 1921) he also saidthat imagination is moreimportant than knowl-edge. This is the very thingthat characterises the bigscientists - Imagination. Intheir heads they wouldcreate let us say the “mod-els” of all those inconceiv-able and invisible realities– I say realities becausethey really exist (evidencewill be mentioned later).These models are not ma-terial representation of theactual object, as for in-stance a model of a housewould be a scale represen-

tation of an actual house, butan intellectual image which canbe described only when helpedby inexhaustible imaginationand a tool called mathematics.In relations of such tiny andsuch huge dimensions the sci-entists have sufficiently provedfor us common mortals thatthings may simultaneously be“both black and white”, or tobe even bolder in our imagina-tion – that something may bothexist and not exist. An exampleof this is light; let us talk only

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Mnogi se pitaju, pa dobro imali svemu tome dokaza. Ima, jo{kako. Ali ti dokazizadovol javaju samoznanstvenika, a nas smrtnike,slabo. Iako su svi do sadakonstruisani svemirski brodovimnogo sporiji od svjetlosti dabi se sva ova ~udesa mogladokazati, tj. da bi astronautimogli primjet iti ikakvepromjene po povratku nazemlju, tj ikakve efekte teorijerelativnosti, (kao one dvije

sestre blizank inje),rezultati istra`ivanja opona{anju subatomskih~estica (~estice koje sumanje od atoma) dajujasnu podr{ku teoriji. Sviznamo za laboratorijuduboko zarivenu u{vajcarskim Alpama,gd je nau~n ici budnoposmatraju, {to se todoga|a sa tim si}u{nim~esticama dok strelovitojure kroz kru`ni tunel,dosti`u}i brzinu vrloblizu brzine svjetlosti.^udne stvari sedoga|aju, kao na primjerte sitne ~estice ostajutakve kakve jesu mnogodu`e, a koje bi se odmahraspale kada se ne bi

kretale tako b rzo. Da neulazimo u dalje razmatranje, naovaj na~in nau~nici su dokazalii koliko je star svemir (14miljardi godina).Na`alost, mnogo pri jepomenute laboratorije, neki sutu teriju osjetili na svojoj ko`i,jer koriste}i svu tu teoriju iznanje, naprav ljena je iatomska bomba kao ̀ ivi i bolnidokaz svih tih nau~nihdostignu}a (Hiro{ima,Nagasaki).Nije mi bila namjera da ~itaocezamaram ovim ”lakim stivom”.Razlog je jer sam poku{ao dadam i svoj doprinos kao jednukap u okeanu, u cil jurazja{njenja nezamisl ivog,nedoku~ivog neopipljivog,nevidljivog itd, ali realnopostoje}eg. Svakako mojeman je nego skromnopoznavanje problema u cjelinine bi bilo dovoljno za pisanjeov ih redaka da se nisam”konsu ltovao” i sa maloliterature, kao {to je Google (a{ta drugo?) John Gribbin: TheUniverse - A Biography, abogami ne{to izvadio i izsopstvene glave, {to se pomaloskupljalo dok sam o tome ne{tou~io.Dragan Ungar

about the one we see (the whitelight”). At the beginning it wasbelieved that light is a hugeamount of small tiny particlestravelling in a straight line “bythe speed of light” from oneplace to another. Later, the ex-periments showed that light isa huge amount of small waves.The scientists started arguing– unti l a compromise wasreached: light is both - the oneand the other “both black andwhite”. The reason for all thatconfusion is really our humanimagination. The argument ac-tually was how to describesomething that is completelydifferent to anything that canbe touched, smelled, seen,heard … namely different toanything that we had experi-enced by our senses. So, lightis a quantum phenomenon (theword “quantum” as used hererefers to all the micro values oftime and space as mentionedbefore) and it can be describedonly in mathematical terms. Re-gretfully there is still nothing ineveryday life to help the humanmind in forming its realistic men-tal image.We should not go further intoit (this might prove to be verydifficult – this topic has beenthe subject of many books,doctoral thesis, Nobel prizesetc. etc. – a bit over the top forthis issue of SaLon), thereforewe shall mention in a few linesthe famous Einstein’s Theory ofRelativity and the celebratedformula E = mc². Deep in there,this formula and the Theory ofRelativity refer to one and thesame thing –travel of a mass intime and space, no matter howsmall or big is the scale.People think that The Theoryof Relativity is the brain childof Albert Einstein from its be-ginning to the end. Actually,during the first decade of thetwentieth centu ry Einsteinworked in a patent office inSwitzerland and did not thinkabout it at that time. The his-tory of science development istiring; therefore we shall skipmany of Albert’s predecessorsand go directly to the principalcomponents of the Theory ofRelativity.Time and length (space in gen-eral) are not absolute asthought in classical science.Assume that there are two twinsisters; one of them remains onEarth and the other goes for a

ride through Universe almostreaching the speed of light. Tenyears later according to her cal-endar she turns her space shipback home. Thus, her calendarin the space ship indicates thather journey lasted twenty years(both ways) and being fortyfive, she is not that young anymore. Let us also assume thatshe has a decent knowledge ofthe theory of relativity and itsmathematical rules and is nottoo surprised when meeting hertwin sister who has been wait-ing for her on Earth all this time,but who is seventy one by now.Conclusion: when the speed ofyour travel through Space is

some 90% of the speed of lightthis travel means also travelthrough time. Actually, youtravel to the future and you willnot grow as old as those whoare waiting for you on Earth. Itis difficult to comprehend it, butthat is how it is.When talking above about thespeed of light the word “al-most” was mentioned. The rea-son is that anything moving atthe same speed as the speed oflight ceases to have propertiesof mass and transmutes to en-ergy (according to the previ-

ously mentioned Einstein’s for-mula).Einstein maintained that every-thing is relative except for onething – the speed of light. It isabsolute and amounts to almostthree hundred thousand kilo-metres per second. Here is an-other unfeasible assumption:you are a photon (the elemen-tary particle of light), travellingat the speed of light from Sunto Earth within an inconceivablequantity of such photons trav-elling with you at the samespeed. Somehow you increaseyour speed with the intentionto take over another photonwhich is in front of you. Accord-

ing to the way we think wewould expect that you wouldsucceed in it. The scientistshave discovered (imagination iscapable of anything) to the sur-prise of us common mortals thatalthough you travel “quickerthan the speed of light”, thelight will not stay behind. Inother words – photons alwayswin; nothing can travel quickerthan light.Even before Einstein the scien-tists gave the following expla-nation for this bizarre phenom-enon, the only explicable one:

Continued from page 7 the qu icker youtravel in relation tothe speed of light,your unit of length becomesshorter and your measurement(flow) of time becomes slower.Many ask the question – isthere any evidence for all this?Yes, very much so. But the evi-dence satisfies the scientistsonly – not so much us, the com-mon mortals. Although all thespace ships constructed so farare much slower than light, thusnot adequate to prove all thesemarvels – this means that upontheir return to Earth the astro-nauts could not not ice anychanges, actually any effects of

the theory of relativity (like thetwo twin sisters) – research re-sults on the behaviour of sub-atom particles (particlessmaller than atom) clearly sup-port the theory. We all knowabout the laboratory deepdown in the Swiss Alps wherescientists attentively watchwhat happens with these tinyparticles while they speedthrough a circu lar tunnelreaching speed very close tospeed of light. Strange thingshappen there. These small par-ticles remain unchanged muchlonger; otherwise they woulddisintegrate immediately if theydid not move so quickly. Notto go into bigger details thisexperiment was used by the sci-entists to prove how old is theUniverse (14 billion years).Sadly, much before the men-tioned laboratory, some hadlearned about this theory thehard way because using thetheory and the knowledgeabout it, atomic bomb was con-structed as a living and painfulevidence of all these scientificachievements (Hiroshima, Na-gasaki).It was not my intention to tireout the readers with this “easyreading”. I have actually beentrying to contribute a drop inthe ocean of this vast subjectthat might clarify a bit the ex-planation of the inconceivable,unreachable, remote, invisibleetc. but really existing. It is cer-tain that my less than modestknowledge of the problem over-all would not be sufficient towrite these lines was I not “con-sulting” some literature, for in-stance Google (what else), JohnGribbin: The Universe – Biog-raphy, but truly also I took somethings from my own head thatwas collected there while I waslearning a bit about it.Dragan Ungar

Facsimile ot the original kept in Einstein Archiveof The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

ZAROBLJENI[TVOUdru`enje veterana Drugogsvetskog rata u Izraelu –Jugoslovenska grupa izdalo jeu Izraelu 1995 godine Spomenalbum JEVREJI IZJUGOSLAVIJE RATNI VOJNIZAROBLJENICI U NE-MA^KOJ, po la veka odoslobo|enja 1945 – 1995.Mada kasnimo punih petnaestgodina, u~inilo nam se da biizvodi iz te knjige mogli bitiinteresantni mnogim na{im~itaocima. Ovdje donosimoizbor tekstova u obimu kojinam dozvoljava raspolo`iviprostor.Iz predgovoraAvraham-Oskar [ tark jegodinama obilazio domoveratnih vojnih zarobljenika ilinjihovih porodica i prikupljaofotografije koje su pomogle dase o~uva uspomena na taj netako svakida{nj i detalj izDrugog svetskog rata. @eniLebl je sakupljala prepiskuratnih vojnih zarobljenika iraznu dokumentaziju.Iz uvodaRat u Jugoslaviji po~eoje 6.ap rila 1941. godinebombardovanjem Beograda idrugih gradova {irom zemllje.Nema~ki bombarderi stizali suuglavnom iz susednih zemalja– Ma|arske, Rumunije iBugarske – potp isnica„Trojnog pakta“ koj i je iJugoslavija potpisala 25 marta,a odbacila dva dana kasnije.Rat je bio kratak. Nemci su u{liu Skoplje iz Bugarske ve} 7.aprila. U Zagrebu je 10. aprilaprogla{ena „Nezavisna dr`avaHrvatska“. 15 aprila zatra`ilaje Vrhovna komandaJugoslovenske vojske primirje.Sutradan je potpisanabezuslovna kap itulacija.Rasulo je bilo totalno, stotinehiljada oficira i vojnika paloje u zarobljeni{tvo, a da nisuisplalili ni jedan metak. Me|unjima je bi lo p rili~nopripadnika raznih narodnosti imanjina, te je ve} 16. aprilaobjavljena naredba AdolfaHit lera, po kojoj }e bi tioslobo|eni iz ratnogzarobljeni{tva sviFolksdoj~eri, Ma|ari, Bugari,Italijani i Hrvati. Tako je unema~ko ratno vojnozarobljeni{tvo dospelo oko650 Jevreja oficira, podoficirai vojnika, uglavnom rezervista

gde su ostali do kraja rata, doprole}a 1945. godine. Oficirisu bili sme{teni po logorimazvanim „Oflag“, a podoficiri ivojnici su odvo jeni u„Stalage“.Godine 1929 je u [vajcarskojpo tpisana tzv. @enevskakonvencija, me|unarodnisporazum o statusu ratnihzarobljenika, s ciljem o~uvanjahumanosti u postupku premanjima. Pravilo je bilo da se ratnizarobl jenici registru jupri likom zarobl javanja, aspiskovi su morali biti upu}eniMe|unarodnom Crvenomkrstu u @enevi.Po{to je time Nemcima biloonemogu}eno da se premaJevrejima u zarobljeni{tvupona{aju kao prema civilnomstanovni{tvu {irom okupiraneEvrope i pored poku{aja da injih podvrgnu „kona~nomre{enju“, nije im preostalodrugo nego da ih izvrgnuraznim vidovima terora,pon i`avanja i restr ikci ja.Po~etkom 1942. godineobele`eni su Jevreji-oficiri uNirnbergu `utom zna~kom sMagen Davidom i oznakom„JUDE“. Obele`eni su ulo`ilio{tar protest logorskoj upravi,i posle dva meseca zna~ka imje skinuta, ali su odmah zatimodvojeni od ostal ihzarobljenika i sme{teni uka`njen i~ki deo. Bio je tologor u logoru, tako da je `utazna~ka bila izli{na.@enevska konvencija je gruboru{ena jo{ mnogo pu ta.Me|utim duh Jevreja ratnihvo jnih zarobljenika ni jeslomljen. Iako su saznali ogroznoj sudbini svo jihporodica, znali su da zajednoprebrode sve te{ko}e, dooslobo|enja. Vratili su se uJugoslaviju i mnogi odmahuklju~ili u jo{ nezavr{eni rat.Ostali su se upregli u obnovuzemlje. Ve}ina je ostala bezporodice, sve je trebalo po~etiiznova. Ustanovilo se da je odoko 75.000 Jevreja koji su predrat ̀ iveli u Jugoslaviji uni{tenopreko 60.000.Odluka je pala: ako se ve}po~inje sve iz po~etka, onda }egraditi svoju i svojih (naj~e{}enovih) porodica budu}nost usopstvenoj zemlji i prv imalijama stigli su u tek ro|eniIzrael.Me|u literaturom koja jekori{tena u radu na ovom

spomen-albumu nalaze se iprilozi biv{ih zarobljenikakoji su povremeno objav-ljivani u „Biltenu“ HOJ i ubeogradskom „Jevrejskompregledu“.

*Na{a korespondencija mogla sevoditi samo na nema~komjeziku, kako bi se olak{ao radnema~ke cenzure. ^ak jepostojao dvojezi~ni pe~at „Nurin Deutscher Sprache schreiben– Odgovor samo na nema~komjeziku“, uz dodatak: „Pisanjeizme|u redova zabranjeno“ Ada bi se izbeg lo p isan jenevidljivim mastilom, gotovosvako pismo bilo je prevu~enote~no{}u za otkrivanje tajnihporuka. Cenzurisana pisma bilasu obele`ena pe~atom„Gepruft“. Tim ograni~enjimadosko~ili smo razn imdosetkama i aluzijama, koje jeponekad bilo prili~no te{kode{ifrovati. Kasnije, kad su nasselili i preseljavali iz logora ulogor i prilikom svakogpokreta pretresali, na{i drugovisu falsifikoval i pe~at„Gepruft“, kako nemci ne birekvirirali razne dnevnike iilegalna pisma.

*Mogli smo dobijati pakete sa`ivotnim namirn icama,cigaretama i raznim sitnicama,{to je u mnogome olak{alo na{zarobljeni~ki `ivot, a ~estoslu`ilo i kao „sredstvopla}anja“ i za razne olak{ice.Me|utim, pakete smo mogliprimati samo ako bismo poslalisvoj tzv. „Paketschein“.

*Dok smo primali pakete odku}e nije bilo problema. Kadaje svaka veza sa porodicomprestala, kad su porodice udomovini „nestale“ snalazilismo se kako smo znali i umeli.Obra}ali smo se i slali svoje„Paketscheine“ ro|acima iprijateljima u inostranstvu,dobijali pakete iz od Nemacaokupiranih zemalja, uglavnomFrancuske, Belgije i Holandije,kao i neutralnih zemalja,ug lavnom iz [vajcarske iTurske, a mnogo je pomogao iCrvrni krst u @enevi.

*Imali smo sjajno organizovanuinstituciju „Samopomo}“, ~ijisu rad prat ili s og romnim~u|enjem na{i d rugovinejevreji, pa i sami Nemci. Ujevrejskom logoru imali smo

„ d o b r o v o l j n uobavezu“ : svako koje primio paket sahranom predavao je MarijuBaharu 10 procenata iz paketaza drugove koji ih uop{te nisuprimali ili davno ni{ta nisudobili, a Bahar je o tome vodiota~nu evidenci ju. Karak-teristi~no za zarobljenike jebi lo p rikupljn je nov~anepomo}i za porodice i prijateljeu nevolji, u konfinaciji ili poizbjegli~kim centrima, ukolikoje to do njih moglo sti}i. Izlogora se moglo slati do 100RM.

*Iako je u na{ deo logora uvedenveoma strog re`im, pod te{kimuslovima nismo zapostavili niprosvetni niti kul turno-umetni~ki `ivot. U tim te{kimgodinama to nam je bi lopotrebno ne manje od hrane.Organizovali smo kurseve uokviru stru~nih udru`enja.Imali smo i na{e pozori{te iorkestar, horove. Knji`evnikrug je bio veoma aktivan, iuvek smo nalazili mogu}nostda obi|emu cenzuru nema~kihvlasti. Najvi{i domet na{eizdava~ke delatnost i uzarobljeni~kom logoru bila jeknjiga „Odabrane stranice“, na172 kaligrafskim rukopisomnapisane strane, s ilustracijamau boji. Sadr`i 50 pesama i 20pri~a, odabranih od okohiljadu pesama i 200 pri~anapisanih u logoru. Odr`avalismo i kurseve jezika: hebrejski,ruski, engleski i italijanski,apo{to je korespondenci javo|ena na nema~kom, u~io sei taj jezik.

*Zahvaljuju}i snala`ljivostina{ih drugova, nabavili smodva radio-prijemnika, i podnajte`im uslovima no}u sude`urni slu{ali vesti, koje smoizjutra pisali , prepisival i,umno`avali i svakodnevnodelili bilten sa sve`im vestima,ne samo po na{em delu logora,ve} i u druge delove logora.Nemci su bili svesni da mikrijemo radio- aparate, vr{ili supretrese pomo}u aparata zaotkrivanje metalnih predmeta,ali do kraja rata nisu uspeli daih prona|u. Uspevali smo nesamo da ih dobro krijemo, ve}i da ih prenosimo iz logora ulogor.

*Po{to smo p reko Me|u-narodnog Crvenog krsta dobili

Nastavak na strani 10

muzi~ke instrumente,najpopu larn ije su b ilepozori{ne predstave i koncerti.Na{i drugovi bili su sjajni i u`enskim ulogama. Osnovan jei razvijen sinagogalni hor. Uzarobljeni{tvu su do{li doizra`aja i na{i slikari. Pozajmnabib lioteka stvo rena jezahvaljuju}i drugovima koji sute knjige primali. Veoma va`nuulogu u `ivotu na{e zajedniceimale su na{e „zanatlije“. Onisu nam montirali radio-prijemnik, uveli genijalni izum– pe}ice od praznih plehanihkonzerv i, koje smo lo`i limalenim kuglicamapapira iliupotrebljenim {ib icama,popravljali ~asovnike, {topali~arape, pravili papu~e od}ebeta, {ili kragne za ko{ulje.

*Mnogi su izgubili veru u ljude,pa su se setili Svevi{njeg. Imalismo i „bogomolju“, mini-sinagogu. Verovatno je to bilajedina aktivna sinagoga nat e r i t o r i j iRajha. Na{mladi vojnirabin vodio jesve vremezarobljeni{tvad n e v n i k( k a s n i j eo b j a v i ok n j i g u„ S v e d o c is m o “ ) .Nekome jesmetala tan a { adelatnost, te jeposle slu`beza praznik[avuot na{rabin pozvanu nema~kul o g o r s k ukomandu nasaslu{an je i izri~i to mu jezabranjeno da odr`avabogoslu`en ja. To mu ni jesmetalo da nastavi, pa ~ak ipo~ne da odr`ava kursevehebrejskog jezika i jevrejskeistorije, iako nismo imaliud`benike. Kasnije smo prekoCrvenog krsta dobili nekolikomolitvenika. Sastavljen je ikalendar, te nismo propu{talini jedan praznik, pevali smoprigodne pesme i slu{ali odna{eg rabina o zna~ajupraznika. Od pleha konzerve ikartona napravljen je i „oltar“i veoma lepa Menora. Uuslovima zarobljeni{tva

najlak{e je bilo odr`avati Jomkipur. Nemci su ~ak smatrali daje po~eo {trajk gla|u, jer jepove}a grupa odbila da primihranu sa kazana.

*Kad je krajem 1944. godineNema~ka do`ivljvala poraz zaporazom na istoku i na zapadui kako su Saveznicinapredovali, Nemci su ~inilisve da nas, ratne vojnezarobl jenike, udalje odmogu}eg oslobo|enja.

*Januara 1945. vodile su seborbe oko Poznanja. Mi smojasno ~uli grmljavinu topova ivideli odseve kanonade.Sutradan izjutra postrojili smose i osim bolesnih koji su ostaliu Barkenbrigeu, krenuli smope{ice, na temperaturi od 35°ispod nule, I{li smosvakodnevno 30-40 km. odjutra do mraka. No}ili smo po{upama i {talama, jelinekuvanu p{enicu i kukuruz.Niko nije znao {ta nam je cilj,

~ini se da ni Nemci to nisu znali.Verovatno su hteli da se udaljeod Crvene armije. Po svr{etkurata saznal i smo da sukomandanti na{a dvamar{i raju}a e{alona dobilinare|enje da nas sve streljajuu {umi u kojoj smo preno}iliuo~i 16. aprila 1945. godine.Me|utim, na{i ~uvari nisuizvr{ili nare|enje i dok smomi spavali kraj {umsk ihstabala, oni su pobegli. Nas suoslobod ile trupe generalaMontgomerija nedaleko odBergen-Belzena, u b liziniFalingbostela.Pripremila Branka Danon

Association of Yugoslav Jew-ish War Veterans, now living inIsrael published in 1995 A ME-MORIAL OF YUGOSLAV JEW-ISH PRISONERS OF WAR,Half a Century after Liberation1945 – 1995. Although 15 yearstoo late it seemed to us that ex-cerpts from this book might in-terest many of our readers. Thevolume of the texts selectedwas defined by the availablespace here.From PrefaceOscar-Abraham Stark visitedhis surviving colleagues andtheir families year-in year-outborrowing photographs impor-tant in preserving the record ofthis somewhat unusual episodeof the Second World War.Jennie Lebl collected the corre-spondence of the war prison-ers and the pertaining docu-ments.From the IntroductionThe War in Yugoslavia beganon April 6, 1941, with air strikes

on Belgrade and other towns.The German bombers arrivedfrom bases on neighbouringcountries Hungary, Rumaniaand Bulgaria, all signatories ofthe “Tripartite Pact”. This pacthad also been signed by Yugo-slavia on March 25, but was re-jected by its people two dayslater. The war operations wereof short duration. The Germans,coming from Bulgaria, enteredSkopje on April 7. They were inZagreb by April 10, when theso-called “independent State ofCroatia” was proclaimed.On April 15, the Yugoslav HighCommand requested a truce. On

the morrow,the uncondi-tional surren-der of the Yugoslav ArmedForces was signed. Total disor-der ensued and hundreds ofthousands of troops fell intocaptivity without having fireda single bullet. Amongst themwere soldiers of different na-tionalities and minorities. Asearly as April 16, Hitler issuedan order according to which all“Volksdeutsche” (Resident Ger-man), Hungarian, Bulgarian,Italian and Croat POW’s wereto be released.As it were, some 650 Jewish of-ficers, NCO’s and soldiersmostly those called up from theReserves, found themselves inGerman POW camps andstayed there until the end of theWar, in the spring of 1945. Theywere interned in camps calledrespectively Oflag (Officers) orStalag (Other ranks).The so called Geneva Conven-tions were adopted in Switzer-land in 1929. This was an inter-national treaty aimed at ensur-

ing human treatment of pris-oners. According to the Ge-neva treaty, POW’s had to beregistered and the rosters sub-mitted to the International RedCross in Geneva.Under the circumstances, theGermans were not in a posi-tion to treat Jewish prisonersin the same way they did withcivilian population all overoccupied Europe. Neverthe-less, they attempted to includethem also in the “Final Solu-tion”. Eventually, they had tocontent themselves with sub-mitting the Jewish POW’s tovarious forms of terror, humili-ation and restrictions. Early in1942, the Jewish officers inNuernberg were forced towear a yellow badge markedwith a Star of David and the

word “JUDE”. The thus markedofficers entered a sharp protestwith the camp’s command andtwo months later, this badgewas removed. However, shortlyafterwards they were separatedfrom the other prisoners andplaced into the camp’s peniten-tiary section.Further flagrant violations ofthe terms of the Geneva Con-vention occurred many moretimes. Despite all this, the spiritof the Jewish prisoners of warwas not broken. Although theybecame aware of the terrible fateof their families, they managedto overcome together all the vi

Nastavak sa strane 9 IMPRISONMENT

cissitudes until the liberation.They returned to Yugoslaviaand many of them immediatelybecame involved in the yet un-finished war. Others took anactive part in the reconstructionof the country. Most of themfound themselves without afamily and had to start all overagain. Out of 75,000 Jews wholived in Yugoslavia up to thewar, more than 60,000 had per-ished.The decision dawned: If wemust really start everythinganew, let us build our future inour own land. Thus they ar-rived with the first alilyot intothe newborn State of Israel.Among the literature used forthis Memorial are some arti-cles by former prisoners of warpublished from time to time inthe “Bulletin” of the Associa-tion of Yugoslav Jews in Israeland in the Belgrade Jewish pe-riodical “Jevrejski Pregled”.We were allowed to write onlyin German so as to facilitate thework of the German censors. Aspecial bilingual stamp was inuse: “Nur in deutscher Spracheschreiben”, with a supplementstressing “Writing between thelines is prohibited”. Letterswere also impregnated with aliquid to obviate secret mes-sages. Censored communica-tions were then stamped as“Geprueft”. We circumventedthese restrictions by clever wit-ticisms and allusions, some ofwhich could hardly be decoded.Later, as they moved us fromcamp to camp, at each juncturesearching us, a comrade man-aged to reproduce the“Geprueft” stamp, so that theGermans could not get hold ofour diaries or some illegal pa-pers.

*We were allowed to receivepackages with food, cigarettesand sundry items. These con-signments caused us relief inour captive life, often servingalso as means of payment or toobtain various mitigations.However, we could get pack-ages only having previouslydespatched our so-called“Packetscheine”.

*As long as we were still receiv-ing packages from home, noparticu lar problems arose.When all ties with our familiesback home ceased, we had to

improvise as best as we could.We sent our “Packetscheine” torelatives and friends abroadand receivced packages fromGerman-occupied territories,mostly France, Belgium andHolland, as well as from neutralcountries, mainly Switzerlandand Turkey, the InternationalRed Cross in Geneva was veryhelpful in this respect.

*We had a brilliantly organizedinstitution – the “self-help”(mutual assistance) fund. Itsefficient work had been admiredby our non-Jewish fellowPOW’s and even the Germans.In the Jewish camp, we under-took a voluntary engagement,namely: Each person who re-ceived a package o f foodhanded over 10% of its con-tents to Mario Bekhar, for thebenefit of comrades who did notget any packages or had notgot one over a long period.Bekhar maintained a strict ac-counting in this matter. We also

made collections for families offriends in dire need or for thosekept in confinement or refugeecentres, where such could bereached. We were allowed tosend out of the camp up to 100RM.

*Although a harsher regime hadbeen imposed upon our part ofthe camp, even under these cir-cumstances, we did not neglecteducational, cultural or artisticactivities. These were primaryrequirements during those hardyears, no less than food. We setup various professionalcourses, and also had a thea-tre, an orchestra and a choir. Theliterary circle was among themost active groups and we al-ways managed to circumventthe German censorship. Thehighest achievement of ourpublishing endeavours insidethe camp was a book called “Se-lected Leaves” comprising 172

cal ligraphically producedpages, with illustrations in col-our. It contained fifty poemsand twenty stories, selectedamong some one thousand po-ems and two hundred storieswritten in captivity. We also hadlanguage courses – Hebrew,Russian, English, and Italianand since German was the lan-guage of the correspondence,it was also taught.

*Thanks to the adeptness of ourcomrades, we obtained two ra-dio receivers and constantly lis-tened to the news. This wasdone at night by duty officersand in the morning the newswas transcribed, recopied, anddistributed not only in our partof the camp, but also in otherparts. The Germans knew thatwe had the receivers andsearched for them with metaldetectors, but did not succeedin finding them until the end ofthe war. They were well dis-guised and we even managedto carry them over from onecamp to another.

*After we had re-ceived musical in-struments throughthe InternationalRed Cross, the the-at rical perform-ances and concertsbecame extremelypopular. Some ofour comrades ex-celled in women’sroles too. A liturgi-cal cho ir was

founded and developed. Ourpainters made their presencefelt in the camp. A landing li-brary was also formed, thanksto comrade who had receivedbooks. An extremely importantpart in our life was played byour “craftsmen”. They con-structed the radio receiver; con-tributed an ingenious inven-tion, namely the mini-stovesmade of tin cans, which were“fuelled” by small pallets ofpaper and used matches. Theyrepaired watches, became expertsock-menders, created slippersout of blankets and sewed col-lars for shirts.

*Many of us lost faith in peopleand turned to the Almighty. Wehad a sort of mini-synagogue.This was possibly the onlyworking synagogue on the ter-ritory of the Reich. Our youngmil itary rabbi kept a diarythroughout captivity. He later

published it un-der the title “Weare Witnesses”.Our activities must have both-ered someone, since our rabbiwas called to the camp head-quarters, interrogated and toldthat religious services were pro-hibited. It did not at all deter himfrom going on with them.Moreover, he started courses ofHebrew and Jewish History,despite the lack of textbooks.Later on we received, throughthe Red Cross, a few prayer-books. A calendar was also es-tablished and consequently wedid not miss a single Jewish fes-tival during which we wouldsing the appropriate melodieswhile our rabbi dwelt on the sig-nificance of the day. An “altar”and a pretty menorah weremade of tin boxes and card-board. In captivity it was easi-est to observe Yom Kippur. TheGermans even presumed thatwe had started a hunger strikewhen a rather large group of usrefused to take food from thecauldron.

*Near the end of 1944, as Ger-many suffered defeat after de-feat on the East front and whilstthe Allies kept advancing, theGermans undertook everythingto keep us, their prisoners, awayfrom possible liberation.

*In January of 1945, great bat-tles were fought near Posen; wecould hear the thunder of can-nons and see the flashes of theartillery barrage. The next daywe were lined up, except for thesick ones who stayed inBarkenbrügge, and marched onfoot in a temperature of 35 de-grees Celsius below zero. Wewalked 30 – 40 kilometres frommorning to dusk. We spent thenights in sheds and in stables,eating uncooked wheat andcorn. Nobody among us knewthe goal of this march; neitherdid the Germans. They, mostlikely, were trying to get us asfar away as possible from theRed Army. We learned only af-ter the war that the command-ers of our two marching col-umns had been ordered to shootus all in the woods where wespent the night of April 16, 1945.Our guards, however, did notcarry out this order, but insteadchose to flee while we wereasleep. We were liberated by thetroops of General Montgomery,near POW camp ofFallingsbostel.Prepared by Branka Danon

IZDAVA^ <> PUBLISHER Jevrejska Zajednica “Prijatelji La Benevolencije” London <> Jewish Society “The Friends of La

Benevolencija” London ADRESA <> ADDRESS

Shalvata - Jewish Care, Att Mr Branko DanonParson Street - Corner of Church Road

London NW4 1QAEmail: salon@benevolencija.eu.org

REDAKCIJA <> EDITORIAL BOARDBranka Danon, Branko Danon, @elimir Ku~inovi}, Sveto Ga}inovi}, Vesna Domany-Hardy, Dragan Ungar

TEHNI^KI UREDNIK I KOMPJUTERSKA OBRADA <> DESIGN AND COMPUTER PROCESSING .

Dejan Stojni}Logo: Daniel Ovadia

SaLon je besplatan i izlazi tromjese~noMi{ljenja u SaLonu nisu nu`noi stajali{ta urednika ili izdava~a.

SaLon is free of charge and published quarterlyThe opinions expressed in SaLon are not

necessarely those of the editors or the publisher

<><><>

Rukopisi i slike se u pravilu ne vra}aju.® SaLon

IZVJE[TAJ / REPORTBoris Montiljo, predsjednik Kluba .

Godi{nja skup{tina septembar 2009 ..................................................1Boris Montiljo, Club president .

Annual General Meeting september 2009 ..................................................2

NA[I NASTAVNICI / OUR PROFESSORSAlbi Papo: Moja u~iteljica ...................................3,4Albi Papo: My teacher .........................................4,5

DA MALO ZAVIRIMO / /LET’S STEAL A QIUCK LOOK

Dragan Ungar: . Popularna nauka ......................................6,7Dragan Ungar: . Popular Science .......................................7,8

ZABORAVLJENE DRAME II SVJETSKOGRATA / FORGOTTEN DRAMAS OF WW2

Branka Danon . Zarobljeni{tvo ..........................................9,10Branka Danon .

Imprisonment .........................................10,11

ZADNJA STRANA / THE LAST PAGEPridru`ili smo se WJR / . / We joined WJR .........................................12

SADR@AJ / CONTENTS

Uklju~ili smo se u humanu akciju / We joined humanitarian action