5476 5480.output

* GB785884 (A)

Description: GB785884 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in and relating to the operation of electroluminescent devices

Description of GB785884 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION 78, Inventor: FRANCIS OAKES. L Date of filing Complete Specification: Feb17, 1956. Application Date: March 1, 1955 No 6091155. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Classes 38 ( 4), A 2 B( 3: 8); 40 ( 6), T. International Classification:-I 02 j H 031. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in and relating to the Operation of Electroluminescent Devices. We, FERGUSON RADIO CORPORATION LIMITED, a British Company, of 105-109 Judd Street, London, W C 1, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is t 6 be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The present invention relates to the operation of electroluminescent devices. For satisfactory operation such devices require a suitable voltage at a suitable frequency to be maintained between their electrodes Since the total current is relatively high, it might be thought that the use of a transistor osdillator operated from a low voltage source would not be a practicable solution However, it has been realised that, for reasons to be given later, although the total current is relatively high, the loading of the transistor need not be high provided that a suitable circuit is used. According to the present invention, therefore, a circuit for operating an electroluminescent device comprises a transistor, a transformer having primary and secondary windings with a high step-up ratio and a feed-back winding, the primary and feedback windings and terminals for

the connection of a suitable source of low voltage being connected to the transistor to constitute an oscillation generator, and the secondary winding being connected to the terminals of the electroluminescent device. The invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing which is a diagram of a circuit according to the invention. In the drawing there is shown a p-n-n transistor 10 having its collector electrode C connected through the primary winding 11 of a transformer 12 of high step-up ratio to the negative terminal of a battery 13, the positive terminal of the battery being connected to the emitter electrode E and through a feed-back winding 14 of the transformer and a bias control resistor 15 to the base electrode B The secondary winding 16 of the transformer has terminals between which is connected an electroluminescent panel 17 A resistor 18 may, if ieqiuired, be connected between the base electrode B and the negative terminal of the battery 13 If the transistor 10 is of n-p-n type, the battery 13 is reversed. The battery 13 may be of 10 volts, the inductance of the secondary winding 16 may be 7 henries, and the turns ratios of the primary winding 11 and feed-back winding 14 with respect to the secondary winding 16 may be 1:39 and 1:220 respectively The transsistor 10 may be a Mullard type OCIS. The circuit components may be so chosen that the circuit generates a sinusoidal oscillation, the frequency of oscillation being determined by the inductance of the transformer 12, the capacitance of the electroluminescent device 17, and stray capacitances For this purpose suitable values for components are resistor 15 of 9 ohms and resistor 18 of 5000 ohms, the panel 17 representing a capacitance of 0 08 microfarad and the frequency of oscillation being about 200 c p s In this case the transistor requires to be of only relatively low power-handling capacity because the greater part of the total current flowing through the electroluminescent device 17 is wattless current The current flow in the transistor can be arranged to be approximately the same 5,884 4- K 785,884 as, or little greater than, the component of current in the electroluminescent device that is in phase with the voltage across the device multiplied by the turns ratio of the secondary to primary windings The total current in the device may be ten or more times the "in-phase" current. In another embodiment of the invention the circuit components are given such values that the circuit acts as a relaxation oscillator, the repetition frequency being determined largely by the inductance of the windings of the transformer 12, and the transistor 10 acting as a switch which dissipates appreciable power only during a fraction of

each cycle of oscillation In this case suitable component values are resistor zero (in other words short-circuited), resistor 18 of 500 ohms and the panel 17 presenting a capacitance of 0 08 microfarad. The effective shunt equivalent resistance of the panel is 30 K ohms and the battery 13 should be of 6 volts The repetition frequency is about 170 c p s In addition to 2.5 providing the necessary feed-back for sustained oscillation, the transformer 12 acts as a strong device whereby energy from the low voltage source 13 is stored in the core material during part of each cycle and is later discharged at a suitable voltage into the electroluminescent device 17 The transformer also transfers energy from the battery 13 to the device 17 by the normal transformer action, without storage. In this case the reason why a transistor of relatively low power-handling capacity can be used is that during a substantial part of each cycle there is substantially no dissipation of energy therein, since it is acting approximately as a switch Although, when the "switch" constituted by the transistor is closing and opening substantial power is handled, the transition time for which substantial energy is dissipated is short A soon as the "switch" is closed, a substantial current is passed by the transistor, but since no appreciable voltage is dropped, the energy dissipated in the transistor is again small. svo In another embodiment of the invention the oscillator is biased to operate in class C. Part of the advantages of each of the previously mentioned arrangements are then obtainable Suitable component values in 56 this case are resistor 15 replaced by a capacitance of 16 microfarads, resistor 18 of 900 ohms, and the panel 17 having a capacitance of 0 08 microfarad and an effective shunt resistance of 30 M Kohms The battery 13 may be of 6 volts The frequency of the 60 oscillation is then about 220 c p s. In yet another embodiment of the invention the circuit components are made such that the circuit operates as a resonant oscillator over part of each cycle, and as a relax 65 ation oscillator for the remainder of the cycle In this case suitable component values are resistor 15 of 9 ohms, resistor 18 of 800 ohms, and the panel 17 of 0 03 microfarad capacitance and 30 K ohms effective 70 shunt resistance The battery 13 is of 6 volts and the frequency of the oscillation is about 290 c p s. The various component values are given by way of example only The frequency of 75 oscillation may have almost any desired value in the range of low and intermediate frequencies The range of frequencies at present preferred is from 50 to 5000 c p s.

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* GB785885 (A)

Description: GB785885 (A) ? 1957-11-06

An electronically controlled counting device


PATEN'7 SPECWIFCATFNO: Inventor:-SHIRLEY ANTHONY KILMINSTER. Date of filin C 7 omplete Specification: M Iarch 14, 1956. Application Date: i Marchi 16, 1955 No 7610155. onpiete Specification Published: N To V 6, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 40 (a), A 5 ( 06: C 7 F 6: P 20: 52). International Classification:-G 08 e. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. An Electronically Controlled Counting Device. We, HIADLEY TELEPHONE & SOUND SYSTEMS Lim ITED, of 72 Cape Hill, Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to an electronically controlled counting device of the kind dependent on the interruption of beams of light by objects passing through the entrance to an enclosure. The invention has for its object to provide a device that is capable of indicating the number of objects within an enclosure by determining the difference between the number of objects entering the enclosure and the number leaving, or alternatively, to indicate the difference between the capacity and the number of objects within the enclosure. The invention consists of an electronically controlled counting device comprising two light beams in successive proximity across the path of

movement of the objects to be counted, a pair of photo-electric cells, and electronic means for transmitting signals initiated by the interruption of the light beams in either of two alternative circuits obtaining in an indicating means which is adapted to show a relationship between the number of signals transmitted in each of the circuits, the circuit utilized by a signal being determined by the order of interruption of the beams. An embodiment of the invention will now be described as applied by way of example to a double decker bus for the indication of the number of vacant seats on the upper deck and for a better understanding of the invention reference will be made to the circuit diagram accompanying the Provisional lPrice 3 s 6 d l 7859885 Specification, and to the accompanying drawing which illustrates the arrangement of the photo-electric cells and the associated 45 light beams. Referring to the accompanying drawing, light from a filament lamp 5 is projected by two adjacent and suitably shaped lenses 6 to form two divergent beams of light X and 50 Y disposed closely in side by side relationship in a horizontal plane across the entrance to the enclosure i e across the stairs of the bus and a plain mirror 7 situated at the opposite side of the entrance reflects the beams onto 55 two photo electric cells, PE 1 and PE 2 spaced say three inches apart and shielded by screens 8 and 9 directly from the light source The entrance should be sufficiently narrow to admit passage of only one person 60 at a time. Referring now to the circuit diagram, when the cathodes of the photo electric cells PEI and PE 2 are illustrated by the light beams the cells are conductive, and due to 65 the potential drop thereby obtaining across their anode resistors RI and R 2 respectively the anodes of the cells are negative with respect to the cathodes of valves Vi and V 2 by virtue of the potential applied to the 70 cathodes by a low tension battery B The control grids of valves Vi and V 2 are connected to the anodes of PEI and PE 2 respectively and are sufficiently negative with respect to their cathodes to prevent the 75 flow of anode current When the light beams are interrupted by a person passing through the entrance, the light is cut off from one photo electric cell before the other, the order of interruption depending on the 80 direction of movement A person entering will firstly cut the beam X to PEI and then the beam Y to PE 2 The light will then be restored to PEI followed by PE 2 The 785,885 sequence will be reversed by a person moving in the opposite direction. Immediately the light beam X is cut off from PEI the current passing through the S cell is much reduced and consequently its anode potential rises due to the full positive potential applied via the resistor RI The control grid of VI therefore also rises and anode

current flow Vs in the valve Vi via the winding of a relay MR 1 comprising contacts la and lb Consequent on the operation of relay MRI, contact la changes to the alternative position shown in the diagram thus completing the circuit to a relay MR 4 incorporated in the anode circuit of V 2 and contact lb opens. The light beam Y is then cut off from PE 2 and in a similar manner anode current flows in valve V 2 via relay MR 4 which operates 0 to close its contact 4 a. When the light is restored to PEI, the anode current of Vi is again cut off and relay MR 1 releases causing contact lb to close and la to change to its original position thereby breaking the circuit to MR 4 which releases slowly due to a parallel capacitor C 2 and contact 4 a then opens For a short period prior to MR 4 releasing, contacts lb and 4 a are both closed and therefore the circuit is completed from the positive voltage supply to the terminal B which is connected to the indicator The indicator comprises an electromagnetic counter adapted to substract one from the number of vacant seats shown when a signal is transmitted along the circuit through the terminal B, and add one to the number shown when a signal is transmitted along the circuit through the terminal C. When MR 1 releases and contact la changes to its original position the circuit for relay MR 3 is completed and as V 2 is still passing anode current the relay operates. Contact 3 a changes to its alternative position completing the circuit for relay MR 2 and contact 3 b opens This operation presets the circuit conditions for the indicator to operate in the reverse direction should the direction of movement of the person be reversed at this point. The normal completion of the cycle occurs when the light is restored to PE 2, V 2 is cut off and MR 3 releases and the circuit conditions return to their original condition. A person leaving causes a similar sequence of events but starting at PE 2 in the reverse direction In this case the light will first be cut off from PE 2 causing V 2 to conduct and operate MR 3 Contact 3 b opens and 3 a changes to its alternative position completing the circuit for MR 2 The light is then cut off from P El and Vi conducts operating M 1 R 2 Contact 2 a closes When the light is restored to PE 2, V 2 cuts off and MR 3 releases changing over contact 3 a and closing contact 3 b Relay MR 2 then releases and contact 2 a opens Immediately prior to MR 2 releasing, contacts 2 a and 3 b are both closed and the positive supply is connected to terminal C and to the indicator which operates in the reverse direction to add one to the number of vacant seats shown. A limit indicator may be included in the circuit to provide a warning

sign that is illuminated by the closing of contacts SW by the indicator when there are no vacant seats left. From the above description it will be apparent that the indicator does not operate until the light has been cut off from both photo electric cells and then restored to the one first cut off and should the direction of movement through the light beams be reversed prior to this condition the two relay contacts completing the circuit to the indicator are not closed at the same time so that the indicator does not operate If the direction of movement is reversed at any time operation of the indicator and the movement is sufficient to cut and clear the beams, the indicator immediately operates in the opposite direction so that an accurate count is maintained. It will be further appreciated that relatively fast or slow movement by the person cutting the beams of light does not interfere with the correct operation of the indicator and neither does the complete blocking of the light by the person remaining stationary for an indefinite period. so S'i I

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* GB785886 (A)

Description: GB785886 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in or relating to nuclear reactors


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PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor:-HUGO IHEINRICH LUDOLF RITZ. Date of filing Comvlete Specification: March 2, 1956. Application Date: March 17, 1955 No 7879155. Complete Speci cation Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 39 T 4), P 3 C. International Classification:-G 21. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Nuclear Reactors. We, C A PARSONS & Co Mp ANY L Bn TED, a Company registered under the laws of Great Britain, of Heaton Works, Newcastleupon-Tyne, 6, in the County of Northumberland, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The invention relates to nuclear reactors or other systems where heat is to be transferred to a heat receiver at a predetermined temperature level or range and is concerned with the removal of heat generated therein. A major problem in the provision of nuclear reactors is that of achieving a high heat release from the surfaces of fissionable material or its containers in the core of the reactor whilst at the same time keeping power requirements for circulating a coolant to a minimum This problem is aggravated by the fact that in most cases the spaces in the core through which the coolant can be circulated are limited and that the heat transfer should take place at as small a temperature difference as possible between the fissionable material or its container and the coolant. Methods for obtaining a practicable solution of this problem have been suggested but all these methods have a common disadvantage in that they require the circulation of a fluid or coolant through the core, which is inconvenient. In addition, due to the limited heat transfer coefficients of the coolants heat transfer takes place with considerable temperature

difference. The object of this invention is to provide a means for the removal of heat generated in nuclear reactors or other systems where heat is to be transferred to a heat receiver at a 785,886 predetermined temperature level or range, that is to say for transferring the heat developed for instance in the core of a 45 nuclear reactor to a medium outside the core which avoid the disadvantages set out above. The invention consists in a method for removing heat from a heat generator said means comprising one or more closed con 50 tainers containing a non-circulating fluid in its critical state, one end of each container being heated by the heat generator the other end being cooled by a fluid to be heated. The invention also consists in means in 55 accordance with the preceding paragraph in which the heat generator is a nuclear reactor. The invention also consists in means in


* GB785887 (A)

Description: GB785887 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in or relating to thermionic valve holders


We, CARR FASTENER COMPANY LIMITED, a British Company, of Pinfold Lane, Stapleford, Nottinghamshire, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to thermionic valve holders.

According to the present invention a valve holder comprising a liquid impervious sleeve sealed against the passage of liquid therethrough by a mass of electrically insulating liquid impervious material in which are embedded a plurality of valve-prong engaging terminals, the holder being mounted in an aperture in a chassis, panel or like support such that the aperture is sealed against the passage of liquid therethrough. Embodiments of the Dresent invention will now be described in greater detail, by way of example only, with reference to the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification, of which:Fig 1 shows one embodiment partly in section, of a valve assembly in which the holder is constructed in accordance with the present invention; and Fig 2 shows a modified form of valve holder also partly in section. As shown in Fig 1 the valve assembly comprises a valve holder generally indicated by the reference numeral 1 for the reception of a valve 2, and a valve can generally in. dicated at 3. The valve holder 1 comprises a sleeve 4, constructed, for example, of a nickel alloy having a coefficient of expansion close to that of glass, a preformed button 5 in which are embedded seven terminals 6 and a locatlPrice 3 s 6 d l 785,887 ing spigot 7, and an insulating member 8 which affords support and protection for the terminal prongs 6 and also serves as a support for the valve or the like. The sleeve 4 has a lower end portion 9 of reduced external diameter which portion is provided on its internal wall with a shoulder 10, the fundtion of which will appear apparent later in the description. The upper end portion 11 is provided on its outer wall with a screw thread 12 and on its inner wall with a shoulder 13. The preformed button 5 which is made of non porous material, for example, glass, is constructed by moulding or by any other suitable process, seven metal pins 14 and the spigot 7 being embedded in the button during the process After the construction of the button it is softened by heat and secured to the inner wall of the lower portion 9 of the casing 4 by compressing the button to cause the glass to fuse to the inner wall and thereby sealing the lower portion 9 against the passage of liquid through the sleeve 4; the shoulder 10 providing additional anchorage for the glass. Each terminal 6 is formed by one of the pins 14 each of which is provided with a hook shaped lower portion extending axially outwardly of the sleeve 4 and forms a terminal solder tag 16, and a metal sleeve 17. The metal sleeve 17 is provided at one end with a slot 18 which gives sufficient resiliency to the lower end of the sleeve to allow the sleeve to make a force fit on to the end 19 of the pin 14 which

projects axially inwardly of the sleeve 4 above the button 5 The upper free end 20 of the sleeve is flanged at 21 for the purpose of providing means for guiding a valve-prong 22 into the sleeve, and is provided with two PATENT SPECFICATION Inventor: -ALBERT SCHOFIELD. Date of filing Complete Specification: Jan 24, 1956. Application Date: March 30, 1955 No 9334 /55. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 38 ( 1), E 3 A( 1 4 D:l B), E 3 B 4 A, E 3 D( 3: 4), ESE 4 (B: E), E( 18: 29). International Classification -HO 2 f. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Thermionic Valve Holders. 785,887 diametrically opposed slots 23 which give sufficient resiliency to the free end 20 to allow insertion and withdrawal of the valveprong 22 but also ensure that the inserted a valve pin is afforded an efficient mechanical and electrical contact with the sleeve. Seated in the upper portion 11 of the casing 4 and projecting into the lower portion 9 is the insulating supporting member 8 whose external configuration is such that it slides comfortably in and out of the casing 4 and when inserted rests on the shoulder 13 The member, which, for example, is made of steatite is provided with an axial stopped bore 24 and seven bores 25 having axial extensions 26 which pass through the upper surface 27 of the member The dimensions and positioning of bores 24 and are such that the portions of the spigot 2 o 7 and terminal contacts 6 respectively which project above the button may be located within the bores when the insulating member is correctly positioned within the casing. The axial extensions 26 are of a diameter such as to allow the insertion therethrough of valve pins 22. The valve illustrated in the drawings is a seven-pin miniature valve. The valve can 3, which may be of any suitable material, for example, metal, is closed at its upper end 29 and is provided at its lower portion with a thread 30 which co-operates with the thread 12 on casing 4. The extreme lower end of the can is formed to constitute a flared skirt 31 Positioned in the upper end of the can is a spiral spring 32 one end 33 of which bears against the inner face of the closed upper end whilst the other end 34 of the spring 32 is adapted to bear against the top 35 of valve 2 Provided with the valve can is a resilient ring 36 of substantially circular undeformed cross section made, for example, of rubber or silicone. The valve assembly is mounted on a chassis, panel or the like 37 by forming in the chassis an aperture 38 whose diameter is equal to or

slightly greater than the external diameter of the lower portion 9 of casing 4 but is less than that of the upper portion 11, inserting the valve holder 1 into the aperture such that the shoulder 39 formed by the junction of the upper and lower portions of the casing 4 bears against 56 the surface 40 of the chassis, and soldering, brazing or the like securing the casing 4 to the chassis as at 41, such that no fluid may pass between the walls of aperture 38 and the external walls of casing 4. It will be seen, therefore, that the aperture 38 is hermetically sealed by the valve holder 1 as no fluid may pass between the casing 4 and the walls of the aperture 38 nor may any fluid pass through the valve holder 1 itself by virtue of the hermetic sealing of the lower portion 9 by the button 5. The resilient ring 36 is then positioned round the junction of the casing 4 and the chassis 37 and the valve can 3 screwed on 70 to the casing 4 thus compressing the resilient ring 36 between the outer wall of casing 4, the solder join 41, the surface 40 of the chassis and the inner wall of flared skirt 31. In this way the volume bounded by the 75 inside of the valve can 3 and the valve holder 1 is hermetically sealed by the resilient ring 36 Further, if through inaccuracies in production pin-holes are left in the join 41 then these also will be sealed thereby 80 further ensuring that the aperture 38 is hermetically sealed. As valve 2 is inserted into the holder 1 prior to positioning of the valve can 3 the spring 32 will be compressed between the 85 closed end 29 of the valve can and top portion 35 of the valve, thus ensuring that the valve is retained in position. A modification of the casing 4 and of the method securing the pins 14 within the lower,3 portion of the casing will now be described with reference to Figure 2 As shown in this Figure the casing 4 of the valve holder is as in the above described embodiment, made of a nickel alloy whose coefficient of g 5 expansion is close to glass, and has lower portion 9 of lesser external diameter than the upper portion 11 The extremity of the lower portion 9 is bent radially inwards to form a flange 42 whilst the extremity of the 100 upper portion 11 is rolled inwardly upon itself to form the thread 12, a cut 43 being provided to form the ends of the thread and to facilitate the starting of the thread In this embodiment the pins 14 of the terminal 1 o 5 prongs and s Digot 7 are secured within the casing 4 by temporarily positioning them on a suitable jig within the casing and then pouring molten glass into the space defined by the jig and the internal walls 44 of the 11 o casing 4 such that the glass fuses to the internal walls 44 and upon setting hermetically seals the lower portion 9 of the casing and retains the pins 14 and spigot 7 in their desired positions 115 It

will be appreciated that whilst the valve assembly above described is adapted for use with a seven-pin miniature valve by suitable construction of the assembly by way of positioning and number of prongs and by suit 120 able dimensioning the invention is applicable to other types of valves. The preformed button has been indicated as being made of glass but any suitable nonporous material may be used, for example, 12,5 a ceramic or phenolic resin material, which is capable of being bonded to the casing by fusion of the material or by the employment of a suitable adhesive such as to hermetically seal the lower portion of the casing 130 material, the member being accommodated in the liquid impervious sleeve and formed with bores to accommodate the metals 60 sleeves, the bores each having an axial extension through which a valve prong can be passed into the metal sleeves.


* GB785888 (A)

Description: GB785888 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in or relating to draught-excluding devices for attachment todoors andthe like


PATENT SPECIFICA Ui ON l Date o filing Complete Specification: March 12, 1956. -ip)plication Date: April 1, 1955 No 9479/55. Complete 'Specjication Published: 'ov 6 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 20 ( 3), D 1 A. International Classification:-E 04 f. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.

Improvements in or relating to Draught-Excluding Devices for Attachment to Doors and the like. We, SMITH SLATER LIMITED, a British Company, of Westcliffe, Warton Street, Lytham St Annes, in the County of Lancaster, and WILLIAM STEVENSON, a British Subject, of 231 Clifton Drive South, St Annes-on-Sea, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The present invention is for improvement's in or relating to draught excluders, for attachment to doors and the like, of the kind (hereinafter referred to as the kind specified) comprising a draught excluding member proper adapted to be mounted hingedly along the lower edge of a door and biased away from the floor so as to permit easy opening and closing movement of the door. This hinged member is provided at one part, generally one end, with a trigger-plate or like device adapted, when the door is closed, to engage a part of the door frame so that the hinged member is pressed downwardly into draught-excluding contact with the floor Usually the edge of the hinged member, adapted to contact the floor, is faced with felt or some other material so as to ensure draught-excluding contact between the hinged member and the floor Heretofore the aforementioned trigger-plate has been simply secured by means of screws to the hinged draught-excluding member In practice the repeated blows or pressure which the trigger-plate receives from the door frame frequently results, after a relatively short time, in its dislodgment or partial dislodgment from the hinged member on which it is mounted The draught-excluding device then becomes inoperative. One object of the present invention is to provide an improved form of trigger device or plate for draught-excluders of the above mentioned kind, which is keyed or locked to the hinged member in such a manner that it has a very strong resistance to dislodgment even although it is, in use, subjected to frequent blows or pressure by engagement with the door frame as the door is closed and the draught-excluder brought into operation. According to the present invention the aforementioned trigger device or plate has a part which is bent or fits against or around an end of the draught-excluding member proper for securing the trigger to said end. Some embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:Figure 1 is a fragmentary elevation of a door fitted with a draught excluder according to the invention; Figure 2 is a cross-section to an enlarged scale on the line II-II of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a rear elevation of one embodiment of draught excluder according to the invention; Figure 4 is an end elevation of the draught excluder shown in Figure 3; Figure 5 is a rear elevation of a further form of draught excluder according to the invention; Figure 6 is an end view of the draught excluder shown in Figure 5; Figure 7 is a rear elevation of a still further form of draught excluder according to the invention; Figure 8 is an end view of the draught excluder shown in Figure 7; Figures 9 and 10 are detail views of a trigger plate forming part of the draught excluder shown in Figures 7 and 8; and Figure 11 shows a modified form of the 785,888 trigger plate shown in Figures 9 and 10. In all the embodiments of the invention shown on the drawings the draught excluder comprises basically a length of wood 10, somewhat like a strip of beading, adapted to be secured along the lower edge of the door 11 Hingedly attached to this length of wood by hinges 12 is the draught excluder proper 13 This comprises a further strip of wood of approximately the same width as the doorway for the door 11, the lower edge of said further strip being adapted to contact the floor F when the draught excluder is in its operative position The lower edge of the member 13 may be provided with a strip of felt 14 to promote a draught-tight seal between the draught excluder and the floor. The draught excluder proper 13 is biased so that immediately the door commences to open it automatically takes up a position (as shown in full lines in Figures 4, 6 and 8) clear of the floor and permits the door to be moved without interfering with such movement. In the arrangement shown in Figures 3 and 4, biasing of the draught excluder 13 to its raised position, clear of the floor, is effected by means of a spring in the form of a rod 15 (see Figure 3) having one of its ends connected to the fixed part 12 a of the hinge 12 and its other end secured to the movable draught excluder proper 13 as indicated at 16 The spring rod 15 is retained in a groove in the upper part or edge of the draught excluder proper 13 by means of a keeper 17. In the arrangement shown in Figures 5 and 6 the two hinges by which the draught excluder strip 13 is attached to the strip 10 and thereby to the door, are aligned and so disposed relatively to the strip that the strip 13 is top heavy in relation to the hinges This, together with a horizontal off-setting of the axes of the hinges from the centre of gravity of the strip, causes the lower edge of the strip to swing, due to the weight of the strip, into a raised position clear of the floor when the door is opened. ao In the arrangement shown in Figures 7 and 8 a spring, in the form of a steel rod 18 having its bent-over ends 18 a and 18 b connected respectively to the draught excluder proper 13 and the strip of

beading 10 to which it is hinged, acts normally to tilt the forward lower edge of the draught excluder proper clear of the floor so that the door can be opened and closed without frictional resistance or obstruction due to the provision of the draught excluder. Attached to one end of the hinged draught excluder proper 13 and extending slightly therebeyond in a trigger plate 19 When the door is closed the trigger plate comes up against the innermost ledge 20 of the door frame F' (see Figure 2) and as a result the draught excluder proper is pressed harddown against the floor and into its draughtexcluding position as shown in chain lines in Figures 4, 6 and 8 70 The trigger 19 comprises a strip of sheet or plate metal about two inches long and rounded at one end where it projects beyond the draught excluder proper 13 by say half-an-inch Two spaced holes 21 are 75 provided to receive wood screws f Wr securing the trigger plate to the draught excluder proper and additionally the trigger plate is formed with a clip or tongue 22 which projects rearwardly and has a part 23 which is 80 bent or located around the back surface of the draught excluder proper as shown more particularly in Figure 10 or is pointed so as to form a prong which digs into the end of the draught excluder proper as shown in 85 Figure 11 This clip or tongue helps, therefore, to prevent impact or pressure on the trigger plate 19 acting to tear the screws in the holes 21 out of the woodwork The clip or tongue 22, 23 is conveniently formed 90 by stamping a horizontally extending rectangular lug or tongue out of the trigger plate itself and bending this lug rearwardly at right-angles to the trigger plate so that it lies against one end of the draught ex 95 cluder proper The extremity of the lug or tongue is then bent over at right-angles so that it forms the clip 23 as shown in Figure or the prong 23 as shown in Figure 11. The clip 22, 23 may be bent around the 100 draught excluder proper as just described after the trigger plate has been secured thereto, or alternatively it may be preformed so as to mate round the end of the draught excluder proper when the trigger 105 plate is secured thereto. In some cases the tongue 22 may be formed with both a Dart 23 which is bent around the back of the draught excluder as shown in Figure 10 and also with a prong 110 which digs into an end of the draught excluder as shown in Figure 11 As a further alternative or addition the lug or tongue 22 may have a hole adapted to receive a screw or screws which is or are 115 screwed into the end of the draught excluder proper so as to give additional strength if necessary. A metal plate may be attached to the door frame, at the position contacted by the 120 trigger, so as to facilitate sliding movement of the trigger and also prevent wear on the door frame. Instead of being made of felt the strip 14 may be of rubber or other

material capable 125 of accommodating itself to the floor so as to provide a draught-tight seal.


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