香港六合彩
DESCRIPTION
自己和周晨晨在走道的事张腾和王峰都说看见了,香港六合彩是亲眼看见的还是一个人告诉另一个人的?香港六合彩谁告诉谁的,好像香港六合彩谁都不可能。是别人看见了告诉香港六合彩的?有可能,但不会这么快啊。好事不出门,坏事传千里,子允绝不承认今天与周晨晨的事是坏事,但也说不上是什么好事。不就是接书还书的事吗,犯不着大惊小怪。那自己是大惊小怪吗?张腾呢?瞧香港六合彩的眼神和口吻,好像自己和周晨晨有什么见不得人似的。不过王峰要是把自己的酒后真言乱说出去,就真的见不得人了。现在同学之间最喜欢拿这种事开玩笑,情绪上来了甚至六亲不认。而且这种事在同学之间传播得最快,也最容易演绎得精彩。王峰把小学的事都拿来起哄,可见香港六合彩也如此,。也许香港六合彩起劲劝酒,就是想套取机密情报。子允又想,也许是自己小肚(又鸟)肠,兄弟之间相互关心,太正常不过,如果和周晨晨真的有眉目,肯定会主动交待的。但子允越想越觉得,和周晨晨之间不可能有什么,借本书而已,还本书罢了,一切不过如此。得出这样的结果,子允并不伤感,但失落还是有的。《Y滋味》和王峰告别(2)香港六合彩叹了一口气,笑自己瞎折腾了一天心思。明天正式上课再没有好日子了,香港六合彩侧过身子准备用习惯的姿势睡一觉,下面一的腿被裤口袋里的手机杠着了。掏出来顺便一看,有短信符号,香港六合彩打开键盘锁,是个陌生的号码,已发来二十分钟。回家了吧?玩得开心吗?也许鬼使神差,子允猜到的第一个人却是周晨晨。这是直觉,香港六合彩也怀疑是不是香港六合彩,因香港六合彩没给过香港六合彩手机号码。子允还是倾向周晨晨,凭香港六合彩对周晨晨的印象,凭香港六合彩在梦里对香港六合彩的敏感,这样的语气,这样的字符,不是香港六合彩又是谁?看着如此体贴的消息,子允浑身发热,反复回味这两句话,捂在胸口的手机像加热的熨斗,反复熨烫着不平静的心。一定是香港六合彩,一定是香港六合彩从别人那弄的号码。香港六合彩平静不下来,想等平静些后再回信息,但没平静下来就打开回信界面,不好意思,手机处于消音状态,不知你发信来,恕不恭。香港六合彩回的信息不带半点犹豫,连是谁都不用问,问了反而显得生分,准了才叫心有灵犀。再说,这话对谁都适用,既有生分里的熟悉,也有熟悉里的生分,既有意料之外的喜悦,也有喜悦之中的意料,总之是云里雾里的好玩。看到消息发送成功的字样出现,香港六合彩放下手机等待。这时才真正怀疑究竟是不是香港六合彩?香港六合彩不怕引起别人误会而去打听自己的号码吗?但香港六合彩宁愿认为香港六合彩,是香港六合彩才有意思。香港六合彩把发过的信息打开看,文字得不得体TRANSCRIPT
Build a Balanced SpeechBuild a Balanced Speech
Introduction-10% of the speechIntroduction-10% of the speech Gain audience attention via an example, Gain audience attention via an example,
quote, statistics or a visual aidquote, statistics or a visual aid State the Central Thesis (the main idea)State the Central Thesis (the main idea) Establish your credibility Establish your credibility Identify with the audience and recognize the Identify with the audience and recognize the
occasionoccasion Preview the main points, in the same order Preview the main points, in the same order
they will appear in the speechthey will appear in the speech
Build a Balanced Speech Build a Balanced Speech (continued)(continued)
Body-80% of the speechBody-80% of the speech Use 3-5 main pointsUse 3-5 main points Give balanced attention to each sectionGive balanced attention to each section
Conclusion-10% of the speechConclusion-10% of the speech This is a mirror image of introduction, with a reviewThis is a mirror image of introduction, with a review Refer back to the attention-getter in the introduction Refer back to the attention-getter in the introduction
(e.g., a vivid example)(e.g., a vivid example) Don’t introduce new informationDon’t introduce new information End with authority, and always on timeEnd with authority, and always on time
Employ Frequent Employ Frequent TransitionsTransitions Transitions help adult learners knowTransitions help adult learners know
what to expectwhat to expect Transitions link the main parts of the Transitions link the main parts of the
speech, and create a smooth flowspeech, and create a smooth flow Transitions can review, and then preview Transitions can review, and then preview
main pointsmain points Transitions can be long or shortTransitions can be long or short
Single words, phrases or sentencesSingle words, phrases or sentences NumbersNumbers
Examples of TransitionsExamples of Transitions
““Now that we have reviewed the problem Now that we have reviewed the problem of homelessness, let’s examine three of homelessness, let’s examine three main causes…”main causes…”
““The second major problem is…”The second major problem is…” ““Next, we will consider..”Next, we will consider..” ““That brings us to…”That brings us to…” ““The final point…”The final point…”
Employ Humor With CareEmploy Humor With Care
Where humor is concerned, there are no Where humor is concerned, there are no standards - no one can say what is good or standards - no one can say what is good or bad, although you can be sure that everyone bad, although you can be sure that everyone will!will!
John Kenneth GalbraithJohn Kenneth Galbraith
Use Varied and MultipleUse Varied and MultipleTypes of Evidence and Types of Evidence and SupportSupport Examples Examples
Vivid success stories or brief scenariosVivid success stories or brief scenarios
Visual aids or modelsVisual aids or models Expert testimonyExpert testimony
Quotes attributed to an expert enhance the Quotes attributed to an expert enhance the speaker’s credibilityspeaker’s credibility
Statistics Statistics Be sure to round off and interpretBe sure to round off and interpret
There are three kinds of lies: There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies and lies, damned lies and
statisticsstatistics..
Benjamin DisraeliBenjamin Disraeli
StatisticsStatistics always remind me always remind me of the fellow who drowned in a of the fellow who drowned in a
river whose average depth river whose average depth was three feet.was three feet.
Woody HayesWoody HayesCoach, Ohio State FootballCoach, Ohio State Football
Always provide peopleAlways provide peoplewith a context to helpwith a context to help
them understand.them understand.
Richard E. MoranRichard E. Moran
A talk is a voyage with a A talk is a voyage with a purpose, and it must be purpose, and it must be
charted. The man who starts charted. The man who starts out going nowhere,out going nowhere,
generally gets there.generally gets there.
Dale CarnegieDale Carnegie
Strategically Choose Strategically Choose Your Organizational Your Organizational Pattern(s)Pattern(s)
Chronological (in order of occurrence, as in a Chronological (in order of occurrence, as in a historical perspective)historical perspective)
Topical (by subject)Topical (by subject) Spatial (by physical position, as in geographic)Spatial (by physical position, as in geographic) Problem-Cause-SolutionProblem-Cause-Solution Problem-Solution Problem-Solution Monroe’s Motivated SequenceMonroe’s Motivated Sequence
Monroe’s Motivated Monroe’s Motivated SequenceSequence AttentionAttention
Create interest in the problemCreate interest in the problem
NeedNeed Analyze problem characteristics andAnalyze problem characteristics and
relate these to the audience needsrelate these to the audience needs
Satisfaction Satisfaction Propose a course of action that eliminates the Propose a course of action that eliminates the
problem and satisfies audience needs, desires problem and satisfies audience needs, desires and wantsand wants
Monroe’s Motivated Monroe’s Motivated Sequence Sequence (continued)(continued)
VisualizationVisualization Verbally depict the world as it will exist ifVerbally depict the world as it will exist if
the plan is or is not instituted, and contrast the plan is or is not instituted, and contrast these possibilitiesthese possibilities
ActionAction Call for audience commitment and actionCall for audience commitment and action Be specificBe specific Monroe’s Motivated Sequence is commonly Monroe’s Motivated Sequence is commonly
used in advertising to persuade…used in advertising to persuade…
Delivery TipsDelivery Tips A speaker is always “on stage” A speaker is always “on stage”
They are “on” from moment they are announced, to the They are “on” from moment they are announced, to the time they return to their place in the audiencetime they return to their place in the audience
Pause before beginningPause before beginning Vary intonationVary intonation A slightly faster pace increases audience A slightly faster pace increases audience
comprehensioncomprehension Maintain good eye contactMaintain good eye contact Assume a relaxed, open posture,Assume a relaxed, open posture,
with few self-adaptors/touchwith few self-adaptors/touch
(Sometimes, “less” is “more”)(Sometimes, “less” is “more”)
Talk low, talk slow andTalk low, talk slow anddon’t say too much.don’t say too much.
John WayneJohn Wayne
The right word may be The right word may be effective, but no word was effective, but no word was
ever as effective as aever as effective as arightly timed pause.rightly timed pause.
Mark TwainMark Twain
To Minimize AnxietyTo Minimize Anxiety
Convert anxiety to presentational energyConvert anxiety to presentational energy Recognize that mild arousal is normalRecognize that mild arousal is normal
Seek public speaking opportunitiesSeek public speaking opportunities More speaking experience=less anxietyMore speaking experience=less anxiety
Avoid stimulantsAvoid stimulants Eat and sleep enoughEat and sleep enough Deep breathing, activity andDeep breathing, activity and
relaxation may helprelaxation may help
Practice the PresentationPractice the Presentation
Rehearse Rehearse Your emotional state Your emotional state Transitions (this is where many speakers Transitions (this is where many speakers
experience the most difficulty)experience the most difficulty) Introduction and ConclusionIntroduction and Conclusion
Become Familiar With Become Familiar With the Roomthe Room Messages are perceived betterMessages are perceived better
in an attractive roomin an attractive room Check-out the sound systemCheck-out the sound system
and lightingand lighting Become familiar with audiovisual (AV) Become familiar with audiovisual (AV)
technologiestechnologies Plan for water, pointer, etc.Plan for water, pointer, etc.
Always Have A Back-Up Always Have A Back-Up PlanPlan What if the AV fails?What if the AV fails?
Have a lo-tech back-upHave a lo-tech back-up
What if your available timeWhat if your available timeis diminished?is diminished?
Eliminate sub-pointsEliminate sub-points Don’t speed rateDon’t speed rate
What if you misplace your speech?What if you misplace your speech? Keep an extra copy, or quickly construct an Keep an extra copy, or quickly construct an
outlineoutline
FAQ’sFAQ’s
What if I make a mistake?What if I make a mistake? Remember that most speakers make themRemember that most speakers make them Correct it; humor is ok Correct it; humor is ok Move aheadMove ahead Don’t apologize profusely or start overDon’t apologize profusely or start over
How can I avoid saying “Um?”How can I avoid saying “Um?” Employ speaking transitionsEmploy speaking transitions Tolerate silenceTolerate silence
FAQ’sFAQ’s
How can I slow down?How can I slow down? Pause between sections. Stop at the end Pause between sections. Stop at the end
of sentences. Underline key words. of sentences. Underline key words. Tape record your practice sessions and Tape record your practice sessions and
count the words per minute. Then, count the words per minute. Then, practice speaking at a deliberately slower practice speaking at a deliberately slower rate to gain conscious control over rate.rate to gain conscious control over rate.
FAQ’sFAQ’s What about eye contact?What about eye contact?
Don’t bob your head up and down Don’t bob your head up and down Don’t fix your gaze at one personDon’t fix your gaze at one person Look up at the end of a section, rather than Look up at the end of a section, rather than
lose your place, or train of thoughtlose your place, or train of thought Face the audience, not your slidesFace the audience, not your slides Look more at friendly, supportive peopleLook more at friendly, supportive people Don’t favor one side of the roomDon’t favor one side of the room Increased eye contact increases audience Increased eye contact increases audience
learninglearning
FAQ’sFAQ’s
What do I do with my hands?What do I do with my hands? Don’t play with your hair, clothes, objects Don’t play with your hair, clothes, objects
or jingle money in your pocketsor jingle money in your pockets Don’t worry about your gestures--they Don’t worry about your gestures--they
will emerge naturallywill emerge naturally Keep your hands on or near the podium, Keep your hands on or near the podium,
or at your sides. Don’t cross your arms, or at your sides. Don’t cross your arms, or clasp your hands in front of your body.or clasp your hands in front of your body.
Audience Q&AsAudience Q&As Anticipate potential questions Anticipate potential questions
Draft answersDraft answers
Listen to the questionListen to the question Read the emotionRead the emotion
Don’t get defensive and never embarrass an Don’t get defensive and never embarrass an audience memberaudience member
Maintain an open and relaxed postureMaintain an open and relaxed posture Admit to not having an answerAdmit to not having an answer
““I really can’t speak to that;I really can’t speak to that; I will refer that concern to….” I will refer that concern to….”
I’m glad this question came up,I’m glad this question came up,in a way, because there are so many in a way, because there are so many ways to answer it that one if them is ways to answer it that one if them is
bound to be right.bound to be right.Robert BenchleyRobert Benchley
I was gratified to be able to answer I was gratified to be able to answer promptly. I said, “I don’t know.”promptly. I said, “I don’t know.”
Mark TwainMark Twain
In ClosingIn Closing Speaking in public represents an opportunity Speaking in public represents an opportunity
to enhance knowledge, change attitudes, and to enhance knowledge, change attitudes, and promote actionpromote action
Most importantly, strive to communicate with Most importantly, strive to communicate with your audience and to meet their unique needsyour audience and to meet their unique needs
The speaker has a responsibility to The speaker has a responsibility to communicate publicly in an informed and communicate publicly in an informed and ethical mannerethical manner
Source:Source:
Cohn, E. Public Speaking,Cohn, E. Public Speaking,University of PittsburghUniversity of PittsburghCenter for Instructional Development Center for Instructional Development & Distance Education,& Distance Education,Fifth Edition, January 2001.Fifth Edition, January 2001.