5191 5195.output

* GB785598 (A)

Description: GB785598 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements relating to sock linings for shoes

Description of GB785598 (A)

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data

and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in

particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,

up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION

7853,595 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Nov

28, 1955.

Application made in United States of America on Feb 3, 1955.

/ Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.

Index at acceptance:-Class 17 ( 2), 13 ( 3 A: 7 C 2: 8 C: 8 E 1: 9 B).

International Classification:-A 43 b COMPLETE SPECIFICATION

Improvements relating to Sock Linings for Shoes I, FRED MACCARONE, of

1834 Caton Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, United States, of America, a

Citizen of the United States of America, do hereby declare the

invention, for which I pray that a patent may 'be granted to me, and

the method by which it is to 'be performed, to 'be particularly

described in and by the following statement: -

This invention has reference to improvements relating to sock linings

for shoes and has for its object a new and improved construction of

sock lining resulting in a shoe of improved fitrand comfort.

Accordingly the invention consists of a sock lining for shoes

comprising a lining having therein an elongated aperture extending

from the region of the heel, breast line to the ball line and a

cushion having an inner portion the upper surface of which is exposed

and which fills the said aperture and a marginal portion by means of

which the cushion may be attached to the undersurface of the marginal

portion bounding the aperture aforesaid.

According to the invention also the improved sock lining for shoes

comprises a lining having therein an elongated aperture extending from

the region of the heel breast line to the ball line and a cushion

having an inner portion the upper surface of which is exposed and

which protrudes through or tends to be caused to protrude through the

said aperture and a marginal portion by means of which the cushion may

'be attached to the undersurface of the marginal portion bounding the

aperture aforesaid.

The invention also resides in sock linings for shoes substantially as

will be described hereinafter.

Em'bodimenits of the invention will now 'be described with particular

reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: Figure 1 is a plan

view of a combination sock lining and cushion constructed in

accordance with the invention, Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional

view of the combination illustrated in Figure 1, Figure 3 is a bottom

view of the combination shown in Figuresl and 2, Figure 4 is a

detailed view in perspective of a spring which may be used in

conjunction with this invention, Figure 5 is a fragmentary plan view

illustrating a manner of using the spring illustrated in Figure 4.

Figure 16 is a view in longitudinal cross section through a finished

shoe incorporating my invention, Figure 7 is a plan view of a

combination sock lining in accordance with this invention,

incorporating a spring as illustrated in Figure 4, Figure 8 is a view

in longitudinal cross section of the combination shown in Figure 7,

Figure 9 is a view in longitudinal cross section of a shoe

illustrating the manner in which the combination sock lining,

illustrated in Figure 7, may be incorporated into a finished, shoe,

Figure 10 is 'a plan view of la modified sock lining in accordance

with my invention, and Figure 11 is a fragmentary longitudinal

sectional view incorporating the sock lining illustrated in Figure 10.

According to the embodiment of the invention as illustrated in Figures

1-3, a sock lining 10 of conventional configuration and constructed of

any standard material is provided with an aperture 12 longitudinally

disposed at the shank which extends throughout the llength of the

shank portion A cushion 14 is secured to the underside of the lining

about the margin of the aperture by stitching 13 and provides a soft

and resilient pad for the arch of the foot The cushion may be made of

foam rubber or any other equivalent material and although the cushion

has been illustrated and described as being sewn to the sock lining,

it is to be understood that it may be secured thereto by cement or

other means A second foam rubber pad '16 illustrated in Figures 2 and

3 is cemented to the bottom of the cushion 14 and the sock lining,

extending beyond the margins of the aperture The second cushion or pad

serves to cause the exposed upper surifae of the first cushion to

protrude through w 0.

the aperture 12 Although two cushions have been illustrated and

described, it is appreciated that a single heavier pad may be

substituted with substantially the same results.

If desired a sock lining on the lines described may be combined with a

leaf spring as illustrated in Figure 4 for urging the rear part of the

shoe to follow the heel of the foot.

The spring 18 comprises a strip or leaf of flat resilient metal or

synthetic material and is assembled in the finished shoe in a position

to pivot about the shank portion The body of the spring 18 is given a

slight curvature whilst its terminal portions 20 ( may be turned

gently upward and rounded to present to the foam rubber pad a smooth

surface free of sharp edges.

In Figure 6 is shown a finished shoe including an insole 22, a molded

shank piece 28, an outsole 30, a heel 36, and an upper comprising a

vamp 32 and a heel strap 34.

The insole 22 is provided at the centre of the shank with a pair of

closely spaced transverse slits 24 to form a thin strap 26 After the

shoe has been made, the spring 18 is slipped under the strap 26 in

position for pivotal motion about that point The sock lining

constructed on the lines described with reference to Figures 1-3 is

then cemented to the insole in the customary manner with the foam

rubber cushion overlying the spring.

The ends of aperture 12 extend beyond the terminal portions of the

spring 18 afid its smooth rounded surfaces will exert a force against

the resilient foam rubber cushion when the spring pivots about its

fulcrum If the spring acted directly on the sock lining, there would

be an undesirable tendency to separate the lining from the insole.

When the shoe is placed upon the foot, the foam rubber cushion and the

spring 18 gently urge the top of the foot upwvardly against the upper

members, As the wearer's weight is brought forward from the rearward

portion to the forward portion of the shoe, the sprint, 18 will pivot

at the shank The downward thrust on the forward end of spring 18 Will

cause upward movement of the rear end of the spring and thus lift the

foot into tighter engagement with the heel strap 34 At the same tline

the spring exerts a mild liftin, force against the sock lining through

the cushion It will be appreciated that this action described will

minimize the unsightly and uncomfortable slipping which normally

obtains between the rear ends of shoes and the heels of the wearer.

The embodiment of the invention as shown in Figures 7-9 illustrates

the manner in which the invention may-be introduced into existing

shoes of conventional construction The stru cture therein illustrated

comprises a combination sock lining, spring, and resilient cushion

made as a single unit In detail, the sock lining 44 is provided with

an aperture 46 cut longitudinally in its shank portion, and a foam

rubber cushion is stitched to it about the margin of the aperture as

suggested at 47 A second foam rubber cushion 54 is cemented to the

bottom of the first cushion in the manner 70 described in the

preceding embodiment, but a pocket is provided between the two for

receiving the spring 50 In actual construction, the spring may be

placed on the surface of the inverted sock lining after the first

cushion 75 has been stitched in position Then the second cushion may

be cemented to the unit as shown.

The cavity should be no longer than the spring to prevent relative

shifting of the spring and the sock lining 80 It will be noted that

the spring illustrated in Figures 7 and S has the same curvature as

the spring shown in the preceding embodiment However, the spring is

provided with spatulate ends 52 to present a smooth rounded 85 surface

for the cushion 48 This general configuration will obviously ensure

complete comfort for the wearer It is also revealed in Figure 7 that

the length of the aperture in the sock lining exceeds the length of

the spring, 90 thus preventing any direct application of force by the

spring against the lining The advantages of this feature have been

fully specified in connection with the embodiment previously described

95 From the foregoing description of an alternative form of the

invention, it will be appreciated that the combination sock lining,

spring and cushion may be sold separately, and the retailer by

selecting the proper size 100 may introduce the unit into shoes at the

time of sale The manner in which this is effected' is shown in Figure

9 The unit may be cemented to the insole of any conventional shoe in

the same manner as an ordinary sock 105 lining If the proper size is

selected, the spring will lie in the proper position over the shank.

The foam rubber pad 54 will be compressed at its midsection by the

spring at the point where the spring pivots on the insole Because the

110 spring is securely held in its pocket between the cushions it will

remain in the longitudinal position illustrated, but pivotal motion of

the spring is permitted due to the compressibility of the cushions As

the weight of the wearer 115 is transferred from the rear portion to

the front portion of the foot, the spring will pivot exerting a mild

spring action causing the rear part of the shoe to follow the heel of

the foot, eliminating the undesirable slipping 120 discussed above.

The embodiment of my invention illustrated in Figures 10 and 11 is an

improvement on the embodiment shown in Figures 7-9 Additional strength

is afforded in that embodiment 125 by utilizing the portion of the

sock lining removed to form the aperture 46 In detail, the sock linina

60 shown Iin Figure 10 is cut along the line 62 to form a flap 64 By

lowering the flap from the plane of the sock lining 130 7815,59 8 -

8,9 an aperture is formed similar to the apertures in the other

embodiments.

A cushion 66 having a slot 68 ' is stitched to the sock lining and

fills the aperture The flap 1614 is drawn downwardly through the slot

68 and is secured to the lower surface of the cushion by cement or

other suitable means.

A second cushion 54 is attached to' the bottom of the cushion 66 and

sock lining 60 and defines a pocket for the spring 50 in the same

manner as in the embodiment of Figures 7-9 However, spring 50 no

longer exerts a force directly on the cushion, filling the aperture,

but instead, bears against the flap 164 which prevents the splatulate

ends 52 of the spring from cutting the cushion.

None of the advantages stated above are lost by employing this form,

The resiliency of the 'cushion and the width of the aperture prevent

the spring frm -tearing the sock lining from the insole 'In, addition,

the cushion is reinforced to give it longer life Moreover, the portion

of the sock lining wasted in the preceding embodiments: is now

employed for a useful purpose.

Many other advantages not alluded to in the preceding description are

derived by employing the construction disclosed in this specification

For example, by introducing into a 'shoe otherwise too large the units

illustrated in Figures 7 and 11, comfortable fit may be obtained by

virtue of the lifting action applied to the foot urging it against the

upper.

Rubbing of the foot against the upper will be eliminated Moreover, the

additional arch support afforded by the spring will decrease fatigue

so often encountered with high heel shoes.

It is remarked here that the provision in and for a shoe of an

elongated leaf spring which is disposed longitudinally above the

insole and which is pivotally movable about its central portion on the

shank portion of the insole whereby in wear the said leaf spring tends

to urge the heel part of the shoe to follow the heel of the wearer

constitutes the subject matter of the invention described, illustrated

and claimed in the complete specification of my pending Patent

Application No.

20362/56 (Serial No 785,599) which is a division of the present

application and hence where in the appended claims reference is made

to such a leaf spring such claims are not to be construed, as claiming

such a leaf spring per se but only such;a leaf spring when forming an

element an a combination sock lining incorporating a lining having

therein an Eliongated aperture extending from the region of the heel

breast line to the ball line and a 60,cushion having an inner portion

the upper surface of which is exposed land which fills the said

aperture and which has 'a marginal portion by means of which the

cushion may be attached to the undersurface of the marginal portion

bounding the aperture aforesaid.

Further it may be remarked here that there has been proposed

heretofore a boot, shoe, slipper or other article of footwear having

an insole formed of leather or other usual material with the central

portion cut away and re 70 placed with rubber, the upper surface of

the insole being covered with a layer of rubber said insole according

to one arrangement having the whole of the upper surface covered with

a layer of rubber of suitable thickness 75 with that part where the

leather or other insole was cut away substantially thicker than the

remainder so that at this part it will project through the aperture in

ithe insole.

The present invention is differentiated from 80 the foregoing

disclosure in that it resides in a sock dining for shoes comprising a

lining having therein an elongated aperture extending from the region

of the heel breast line to the ball line and a cushion having an inner

por 85 tion the upper surface of which is exposed and which fills the

said aperture and a marginal portion by means of which the cushion'

may ibe attached to the undersurface of the marginal portion bounding

the aperture afore 90 said.

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* GB785599 (A)

Description: GB785599 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements relating to shoes


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785,599 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Nov 28,

1955.

No 20362/56.

Application made in United States of America on Feb 3, 1955.

(Divided out of No 785,598).

Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.

Index at acceptance:-Class 17 ( 2), B( 7 C 2: 8 C: 8 El: 9 B).

International Classification:-A 43 b.

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION

Improvements relating to Shoes I, FRED 1 MACCARONE, of 1834 Caton

Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America, a Citizen of the

United States of America, do hereby declare the invention for which I

pray that a patent may ibe granted to me and the method by which it is

to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following

statement: -

This invention has reference to improvements relating to shoes and has

for its object a new and improved construction resulting in a shoe of

improved fit and comfort.

Shoe manufacturers have long sought a means of eliminating the

unsightly and uncomfortable relative motion between the rear ends of

shoes and the heels of the wearer so often observed during that

portion of the stride in which the weight moves from the rear to the

forward part of the foot Slipping is experiencedl in varying degrees

with all types of shoes, but is most pronounced with women's shoe of

open heel construction Thus far, as far as I am aware, all attempts to

eliminate the slipping have proved to be unsatisfactory.

The primary object of this invention, therefore, is to eliminate

slipping at the heel end' of shoes.

Accordingly the invention consists in the provision in and for a shoe

of an elongated leaf spring which is disposed longitudinally above the

insole and which is pivotally movable about its central portion on the

shank portion of the insole whereby in wear the said leaf spring

tends, to urge the heel part of the shoe to follow the heel of the

wearer.

The invention further resides in a shoe incorporating a resilient

means as aforesaid which in wear tends to urge the heel part of the

shoe to follow the heel of the wearer, Embodiments of the invention

will now be described with particular reference to the accompanying

drawings wherein: Figure 1 is a plan view of a combination sock lining

and cushion constructed in accordance with the invention: disclosed in

the specification of Application No 33973 filed 28th November 1955,

(Serial No 785,598) of which this present application is a division,

Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the combination

illustrated in Figure 1, Figure 3 is a bottom view of the com'bination

shown in Figures 1 and 2, Figure 4 is a detailed view in perspective

of a spring constructed in accordance with this present invention,

Figure 5 ' is a fragmentary plan view illustrating a manner of using

the spring illustrated in Figure 4.

Figure 6 is a view in longitudinal cross section through a finished

shoe incorporating my invention, Figure 7 is a plan view of a

combination sock lining incorporating a spring in accordance with the

invention, Figure 8; is a view in longitudinal cross section of the

combination shown in Figure 7, Figure 9 is a view in longitudinal

cross section of a shoe illustrating the manner in which the

combination lining, cushion, and spring may be incorporated into a

finished shoe, Figure 10 is a plan view of a modified form of sock

lining to which the invention may be applied, and' Figure 11 is a

longitudinal sectional view of another combination sock lining,

cushion and spring constructed in accordance with my invention and

incorporating the sock lining illustrated in Figure 10.

Proceeding now with the description of the combination sock lining and

cushion illustrated in 'Figures 1-3 in combination with which it is

found that a leaf spring in accordance with the invention is

especially suited, to be used, the said illustrated combination

incorporates a sock lining 10 of conventional configuration and

constructed of any standard material it is provided with an aperture

12 longitudinally disposed at the shank The cutout 12 extends

throughout the length of the shank portion A cushion 14 is secured to

the underside of tlhe lining about the margin of the aperture by

stitching 13 and provides a soft and resilient pad for the arch of the

foot.

The cushion may be made of foam rubber or any other equivalent

material and although the cushion has been illustrated and described,

as being sewed to the sock lining, it is to be understood that it may

be secured thereto by cement or other means A second foam rubber pad

16 as is illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 is cemented to the bottom of

the cushion 14 and the sock lining, extending beyond the margins of

the aperture The second cushion or pad serves to cause the exposed

upper surface of the first cushion to protrude through the aperture 12

Although two cushions have been illustrated and described, it is

appreciated that a single heavier pad may be substituted with

substantially the same results.

The spring illustrated in Figure 4 which urges the rear part of the

shoe to follow the heel of the foot will now be described The spring

18 comprises a strip or leaf of flat resilient metal or synthetic

material' and is assembled in the finished shoe in a position to pivot

about the shank portion The body of the spring 18 is given a slight

curvature whilst its terminal portions 20 may be turned gently upward

and rounded to present to the foam rubber pad a smooth surface free of

sharp edges, In Figure '6 is shown a finished shoe including an insole

22, a molded shank piece 28, an outsole 30, a heel 36, and an upper

comprising a vamp 32 and a heel strap 34.

The insole 22 is provided at the centre of the shank with a pair of

closely spaced transverse slits 24 to form a thin strap 26 After the

shoe has been made, the spring 18 is slipped under the strap 26 in

position for pivotal motion about that point The sock lining

constructed on the lines described with reference to Figure -1-3 is

then cemented to the insole in the customary manner with the foam

rubber cushion overlying the spring The ends of the aperture 12 extend

beyond the terminal portions of the spring and its smooth rounded

surfaces will exert a force against the resilient foam rubber cushion

when the spring pivots about its fulcrum If the spring acted directly

on the sock lining, there would be an undesirable tendency to separate

the lining from the insole.

When the shoe is placed upon the foot, the foam rubber cushion and the

spring gently urge the top of the foot upwardly against the upper

members As the wearer's weight is brought forward from the rearward

portion to the forward portion of the shoe, the spring 18 will pivot

at the shank The downward thrust on the forward end of spring 18 will

cause upward movement of the rear end of the spring andl thus lift the

foot into tighter engagement with the heel strap 34 At the same time

the spring exerts a mild lifting force against the sock lining through

the cushion It will be appreciated that the action described will

minimise the unsightly and uncomfortable slipping which normally

obtains between the rear ends of shoes and the heels of the wearer.

The embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 7-9 illustrates the

manner in which 70 the invention is introduced into existing shoes of

conventional construction The structure therein illustrated comprises

a combination sock lining, spring, and resilient cushion made as a

single unit In detail, the sock lining 44 75 is provided with an

aperture 46 cut longitudinally in its shank portion, and a foam rubber

cushion is stitchedl to it about the margin of the aperture as

suggested at 47 A second foam rubber cushion 54 is cemented 80 to the

bottom of the first cushion and to the sock lining in the manner

described in the preceding embodiment, but a pocket is provided

between the two for receiving the spring 50.

In actual construction, the spring may be 85 placed on the surface of

the inverted sock lining after the first cushion has been stitched in

position Then the second cushion may be cemented to the unit as shown

The cavity should be no larger than the spring to pre 90 vent relative

shifting of the spring and the sock lining.

It will be noted that the spring illustrated in Figures 7 and 8 has

the same curvature as the spring shown in the preceding embodi 95 ment

However, the spring is provided with spatulate ends 52 to present a

smooth rounded surface for the cushion 48 This general configuration

will obviously ensure complete comfort for the wearer It is also

revealed in Figure 100 7 that the length of the aperture in the sock

lining exceeds the length of the spring, thus preventing any direct

application of force by the spring against the lining The advantages

of this feature have been fully specified in 105 connection with the

embodiment previously described.

From the foregoing description of an alternative form of the

invention, it will be appreciated that the combination sock lining,

spring 110 and cushion may be sold separately, and the retailer by

selecting the proper size may introduce the unit into shoes at the

time of sale.

The manner in which this is effected is shown in Figure 9 The unit may

be cemented to the 115 insole of any conventional shoe in the same

manner as an ordinary sock lining If the proper size is selected; the

spring will lie in the proper position over the shank The foam rubber

pad 54 will be compressed at its mid 120 section by the spring at the

point where the spring pivots on the insole Because the spring is

securely held in its pocket between the cushions it will' remain in

the longitudinal position illustrated, but pivotal motion of the 125

spring is permitted due to the compressibility of the cushions As the

weight of the wearer is transferred from the rear portion to the front

portion of the foot, the spring will pivot exerting a mild spring

action causing the rear 130 785,599 port afforded by the spring will

decrease fatigue so often encountered with high heel shoes.

It is remarked here that a sock lining for shoes comprising a lining

having therein an elongated aperture extending from the region of the

'heel breast line to the bal I line and a cushion having an upper

portion of the upper surface of which is exposed and which fills the

said aperture and a marginal portion by means of which the cushion may

be attached to the undersurface of the marginal portion boundingithe

aperture aforesaid constitutes the subject matter of the invention

described, illustrated and claimed in the complete specification of my

pending Patent Application No.

33973 dated 218th November 1955 (Serial No.

785,598) from which the present application is divided.

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* GB785600 (A)

Description: GB785600 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in and relating to the feeding of discrete or finely divided

materials from a relatively low pressure container


COMPLETE S:P;ECIIFICATION

Improvements in and relating to the Feeding of Discrete or Finely

Divided Materials from a Relatively Low Pressure

Container

We, FUMES LIMITED, a company registered tinder the laws of the state

of Victoria, and having its registered office at 114 King Street,

Melbourne, in the State of Victoria, Commonwealth of Australia, do

hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be

granted to us, and the method; by which it is to be performed, to be

particularly described in and by the following statement:-

This invention relates to the feeding or die- livery of discrete

materials such, for example, as powder, granulated, pulverised or

finely divided substances from a relatively low pressure bulk

container, eg., a container subjected to suction effect or

subatmospheric pressure, into a container or vessel in which a

substantially higher pressure obtains ,̂ or to a discharge point or

zone which is subject to such higher pressure or to a;;mospheric

pressure.

Conditions of that nature apply in many field's of industry and

manufacture and merely by way of example may be mentioned the feeding

of flux powder as used in electric welding from a low pressure hopper

or container to the actual welding zone.

The primary object of this invention is to provide a simple and

effective device for facilitating the discharge of the discrete

material from the low pressure container so that a regular discharge

thereof into a higher pressure zone can be assured without permitting

'pny material increase of pressure in the container.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings as applied

to a low pressure hopper suitable for feeding flux powder to the

welding zone of an electric welding systetn, such as disclosed in cop

ending application No. 36508 of 1955 (Serial No.

785L,S601) In these drawings:

Figure 1 is a part sectional elevation showing the device connected to

the lower end of the hopper.

Figure 2 is an inverted plan view on a larger scalle of a regulating

or cut off device at the bottom of the control device.

'Figure 3 is a cross section on the line III

III of Figure 2 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Referring to the drawings, it will be seen that the relatively low

pressure container 2 is provided at its lower end with the discharge

device comprising a casing 3, the interior of which is divided into a

series of superposed compartments 4 which have restricted

communication with each other at or about the centre and each of which

is provided iin its outer wall with a relatively small aperture 5 or

a number of small' apertures each iof which is subject to atmospheric

pressure or a pressure which isi higher than that obtaining in the

container. These relatively small apertures should be located as near

to the tops of the respective compartments 'as practicable.

The compartments are formed by horizontal partitions 16 each having an

opening 7, preferably centrally disposed, for the downward flow of the

powder or liloe material Where the casing is of cylindrical shape the

openings 7 would preferably be circular in plan. They may be of

uniform area but preferably decrease progressively in area from the

uppermost partition to the lowermost partition.

The number and size of the compartments may vary in accordance with

the circum- stances, such as the nature of the particular material

being dealt with, its volume and desires rate of feed or discharge,

and the difference in pressure obtaining in the upper part of the

container and the final discharge point or zone.

'For example, in delivering a supply of powdered flux to the welding

zone in an electric welding system six compartments have been found to

be adequate.

A delivery spout 8 may project downwardly from the bottom of the

'casing, which also has a central open 7, and may 'he fitted with a

valve, regulator or like member that will enable the rate of discharge

to be controlled and to b-e cut-off as and when desired.

This regulator may include a plate member 9 attached by a pivot pin 10

to the bottom of the casing 3 and terminating at one end in a portion

9a which may extend completely across the bottom of the spout 8 and

thus cut off discharge of the material The plate member may be

resilientiy urged towards the closed position by a spring 11 extending

between the other end of the plate member and a bar 12 affixed to the

bottom of the casing, the plate member 9 having a spur lah which acts

as a stoop for the closed position. A chain 13 or other flexible line

may extend from the plate member to any position convenient to the

operator in charge of the apparatus.

In use, it will be found that the material will gravitate successively

into the compartments 4 and tend to assume in each compartment the

form of a truncated conical mass depending to some extent upon the

angle of repose of the material. The admission of air at atmospheric

pressure through the small holes in the upper parts of the

compartments has the effect of gradually increasing the pressure

within the successively lower compartments so that by the time the

central core of material, which gravitates without impedance, reaches

the delivery spout the difference in pressure will be overcome so that

a steady discharge will take place without any significant rise in

pressure within rite upper part of the container.

In Figure 1 of the drawings the delivery spout 8 is encircled iby a

funnel like member 14 which iS ;suitable when applying the invention

to the feeding of flux powder to the welding zone of an arc welding

system, but this is merely an example of one practical application of

the invention.

What we claim is: -

1. A device for facilitating the discharge of discrete material from a

relatively low pressure container into a space that is subject to

higher pressure, comprising a casing adapted to depend from the bottom

of said container, horizontal partitions in said casing subdividing

its interior into a series of superposed compartments, each of said

partitions and the bottom of the container having a central opening,

and the wail of said casing being provided near the top of each

compartment with at least one relatively small aperture subject to

external pressure which is higher than that obtaining within the

container.

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* GB785601 (A)

Description: GB785601 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements relating to flux feeding systems for electric welding



Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Dec 20, 1955.

No 36508/55.

Application made in Australia on Dec 30, 1954.

Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.

Index at acceptance:-Class 78 ( 1), A 3.

International Classification:-B 65 g.

i COMPLETE SPE'OIFICATION Improvements relating to Flux Feeding

Systems for Electric Welding We, HUMES LIMITED, a company registered

under the laws of the Staite of Victoria, and having its registered

office at 114 King Street, Melbourne, in the State of Victoria,

'Commonwealth of Australia, do hereby declare the invention, for which

we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it

is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the

following statement:-

This invention relates to flux feeding systems for electric welding

and contemplates an improved method and apparatus for such purpose

which will be most efficient, convenient and economical hin operation.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a method which

utilises a relatively large capacity hopper, which may be located

remote from the welding zone, and la feed hopper of relatively small

capacity which is located slightly above the welding zone and

interconnected by piping with the storage hopper and the work piece,

and in which method provision is made for establishing and maintaining

an air-flow 'or air-stream system which is entirely automatic in

action and will ensure a substantially constant amount;of flux powder

being contained in the feed hopper, a copious and regular 'delivery of

powder from that hopper to the work piece so as to achieve what is

sometimes termed submerged arc " welding and will simultaneously

return surplus or unconsumed flux powder from the work piece to the

feed hopper for re-use.

Many imporant practical advantages arise out of the foregoing land

will become apparent from the following description and drawings

relating to an embodiment 'of the invention that is at present

preferred.

In, the drawings: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the

apparatus.

Figure 2 is an elevation of the feed hopper.

Figure 3 is a sectional plan on line IIII'11 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is another elevation of the feed hopper.

l 1 Referring firstly 'to Figure 1, the large capacity or bulk storage

hopper 6 may, in general, be of any suitable form and size so as to

'contain an ample supply of the flux powder An aperture formed near

the top of the hopper is connected by piping 7 with a fan or pump 8

which with its driving means, e.g, an electric motor, are the only

moving parts in the entire system The fan may exhaust to atmosphere or

through a trap for recovering such particles of powder as may be

entrained in the air-stream.

The top of the bulk hopper 6 is 'connected by piping 9 to the upper

part of the feed hopper 10 so that the upper parts of both hoppers

will be subject to suction effect of the fan.

In order to maintain an adequate supply of flux powder in the bulk

'hopper it may be fitted with a charging device consisting of a

rel'atively long tube 1,1 which at its lower end projects downwardly

at a suitable inclination into the hopper and has a funnel-like

enlargement 12 at its upper end which is located externally of the

hopper and near the top thereof, This 'charging device should be kept

substantially full of powder so that attmospheric air will be excluded

from entering the hopper.

The powder is discharged from the 'bottom of the bulk hopper 16 at a

desirable rate in order to be entrained in an air-stream by which it

is conveyed into the feed hopper 10.

To permit of such discharge, bearing in mind that a relatively low

pressure obtains 'in, the upper part of the hopper, we propose to

utilise for that purpose a device 13 as disclosed in our copending

application No 36505 of 1955 (Serial No 785,600) for patent entitled

"Improvements in land relating 'to the feeding of discrete or finely

divided' materials from a relatively low pressure container " and

which therefore need not be described in this present specification.

The flux powder from the bulk hopper may discharge into an open'

topped vessel 14 communicating at its lower end with a pipe leading to

the feed hopper and fitted at Its open end with an air inlet nozzle 15

which may be axially adjustable Air induced by the suction effect of

the fan 8 will entrain the powder entering the pipe 1,6 and convey it

to the feed hopper The amount of powder thus conveyed per unit of

'time need only correspond with, or be slightly in excess of, the

amount of flux that is consumed or fused at the welding zone in the

same unit of time.

Reference will now be made 'to the feed hopper which may

advantageously have an upper section 17 in the form of a rather flat

or shallow truncated cone and la lower section 18 in the form of a

somewhat deeper and invetted truncated cone, the two sections being

externally flanged at their meeting edges and suitably secured

together with the interposition of a suitable gasket 19.

A horizontal baffle plate 20 may extend within the feed hopper in

approximate alignment with the meeting edges of the upper and lower

sections so as to leave an annular gap around the baffle plate The

pipe 9 extending between the upper part of the feed hopper and the top

of the bulk hopper may have its open inlet end 9 a projecting

centrally above baffle plate 20 for a short distance and from the

underside of the plate it passes at an angle through the lower section

of the feed hopper, The pipe 16 conveying the powder-laden air-stream

to the feed hopper may enter the lower section of the latter at an

appropriate angle and terminate in a hole 16 a disposed in the baffle

plate near its peripheral edge.

A third pipe 21 enters the feed hopper in a manner similar to that of

the last-mentioned pipe (and terminates in a hole 21 a in the baffle

20) but at a position and at an inclination that is substantially

opposite This third pipe, which may have a swivel or flexible portion

intermediate its length outside the feed hopper, is provided at its

other or free end, with a 'fishtail or other suitable nozzle 22 for

the purpose of applying suction to the welding zone at that part of

the joint or seam which has recently been welded in order that surplus

flux powder will be induced along that pipe and returned to the feed

hopper.

= The bottom of the feed hopper is preferably provided with a powder

discharge or feed device 13 similar to that described in our aforesaid

copending application.

The discharged powder may Tbe directed onto the work by a tapered

hollow member (not shown) which may be fixed 'to a tube through which

the electrode is fed to the work.

The feed hopper may be provided internally of its lower section with a

series (say four) of circumferentially spaced, vertically

extending'vanes 23.

The internal surfaces of the upper section of the feed "hopper and the

upper surface of the horizontal baffle may be lined or sheathed with

some appropriate material as protection against the abrading action of

the incoming powder-laden air-stream.

In operation, it will be appreciated that a 70 number of things are

happening simultaneously and automatically due to the suction effect

created by the fan which propagates throughout the piping system and

the two hoppers Thus, a moderate quantity of powder 75 is conveyed in

the air-stream travelling to the feed hopper from air inlet nozzle 15

by way of pipe 16 At the same time, a considerably greater quantity of

flux powder will be entering 'the feed hopper by way of the surplus 80

pick-up device 22 and the third pipe 21.

There will also be a regular feed of the flux powder (corresponding

approximately in amount or rate 'to that entering the feed hopper by

the two sources just mentioned) from the 85 outlet of the feed hopper

to the work-piece.

Thus it may be said that the amount of flux being delivered from the

storage hopper to the feed hopper by way of pipe 16 will, at any time

during welding operations, be about 90 the same as is being actually

consumed at the welding zone The major proportion by far of the powder

passing from the feed hopper ito the work-piece consists of surplus or

unconsumed powder which is picked up by the suc 95 tion nozzle 22 and

conveyed into the feed hopper.

There will also be a continuous flow of air from the upper part of the

feed hopper into the top 'of the bulk hopper by way of ICC pipe 9, and

this air-stream may possibly carry with it a slight amount of powder

from the feed hopper Any such powder may be sparated from the

air-stream in the bulk hopper by virtue of the pipe 9 terminating 105

in a hollow cone 24 disposed in the upper part of the bulk hopper, the

suction pipe 7 being connected to the hopper at a substantial distance

above 'the bottom of cone 24.

By arranging for pipes 16 and 21 to enter 110 the feed hopper at

opposed inclinations, as aforesaid, a desirable whirling action occurs

in that part of the feed hopper immediately above baffle 20, with the

result that the powder entrained in the air streams is precipitated

and 115 gravitates around the periphery of 'the baffle into the lower

part of the hopper The vertical vanes 23 prevent or break down 'any

whirling effect in the lower part of the hopper and therefore

facilitate separation and gravitation 120 of the powder.

The more salient advantages of the invention may be summarised as

follows: ( 1) The entire system is automatic in operation and requires

only a minimum of atten 125 tion.

( 2) The feed hopper will remain charged to a substantially constant

level with the flux powder so that there will be little, if any,

variation in weight of the loaded feed hopper 130 7855601 785,601 3

enabling it to be supported, 'as 'by a long and slender cantilever arm

or beam without any significant or 'excessive movement as would occur

if the weight varied suddenly or to any material extent from time to

time.

( 3) There is a continuous and rapid circulation of flux powder

between the feed hopper and the work-piece with the result that the

powder fed to the work-piece will be preheated and undesirable

moisture will have been dried out.

( 4) The feed hopper need only be of relatively small capacity'as the

circulation system will ensure that an adequate amount of powder will

always be contained in the feed hopper, ( 5) The bulk or storage

hopper can be located remote from the scene of the welding operations

and its replenishment from time to time can be readily and

conveniently attended to.

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* GB785602 (A)

Description: GB785602 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in or relating to extraction of uranium from its ores










785,602 Invetitors:-THOMAS VICTOR ARDEN, FRANCIS HEREWARD BURSTALL and

REGINALD PATRICK LINSTEAD.

Date of filing Complete Specification: Aug 27, 1949.

Application Date: Aug 31,1948 No 22985148.

Complete Specification Published: Oct 3/0, 1957.

Index at Acceptauco:Class 1 ( 3), A 1 D( 28: 37: 45), A 1 G( 27 D 45:

33 D 28: 33 D 37: 36 D 28: 42 D 28: 42 D 37), A 1 N( 33: 36: 42).

International Classification:-C Olf, g.

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.

Improvements in or relating to Extraction of Uranium from its Ores.

We, UNITED KINGDOM ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY, of London, a British

Authority, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what

manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and

ascertained in and by the following statement: This invention relates

to the extraction of uranium from its ores and in particular to the

extraction of uranium from phosphatic ores containing the same.

The object of the invention is to provide a simple and efficient

process of treating phosphatic uranium-containing ores to obtain a

uranium-containing product which has a very low phosphate content.

According to the invention a phosphatic ore containing uranium is

treated with concentrated sulphuric acid to decompose phosphates

present and to form a system comprising a liquid sulphuric

acid-phosphoric acid phase and a solid phase containing substantially

all or the greater part of the uranium content of the ore, and the

solid phase is separated from the liquid phase and worked up to

recover uranium.

The separation of the two phases is preferably effected by centrifugal

means, a high degree of separation being desirable The separated

solids may be taken up with water and the solution treated with a

soluble barium salt and filtered From the solution, hydroxides of the

metals present may then be precipitated by a base as for example by

means of sodium hydroxide, ammonia or magnesium oxide and the

separated and washed hydroxide brought into nitric acid solution, from

which the uranium compound may be extracted by means of diethyl ether,

El Pr ice or other organic solvent as described herein.

The following is an Example of the preferred method of carrying the

invention into effect as applied to monazite.

EXAMPLE.

500 parts monazite containing 0 34 per cent uranium (as UO 8) is

treated with 1288 parts of concentrated sulphuric acid and heated at

2200 C for two hours The thick crystalline slurry of metal sulphates

and undecomposed residue with sulphuric and phosphoric acids so

obtained is cooled, and the liquid separated from the solids,

preferably by means of a centrifuge or by filtration under reduced

pressure The solids are taken up with water and the resulting solution

diluted to 5000 parts Gelatin ( 1 5 parts in 50 parts water) and

barium nitrate 0.1 part are added and the mixture stirred and filtered

The gelatin serves to flocculate finely divided silica and the barium

sulphate acts as a collector for the mesothorium (radium) The residue

usually contains mesothorium mixed with lead, barium and calcium as

sulphates, silica and possibly a small amount of undecomposed mineral

residue.

The filtrate is heated to substantially 900 C and added slowly to a

hot 10 per cent solution of caustic soda containing 1170 parts of

sodium hydroxide, the solution being agitated during the addition The

precipitate is separated, and washed until only a trace of sulphate

ion remains and then treated with 524 parts of 50 per cent nitric acid

and diluted to 2500 parts with water An insoluble portion consisting

of thorium and ceric phosphates and contain-rii 785,602 ing a trace of

uranium may remain This is separated, boiled with 2 N caustic soda,

filtered, washed, dissolved in nitric acid and returned to the main

solution, of which the nitric acid content is adjusted to prevent

further separation of solids Some 3 per cent or more of free nitric

acid according to the content of phosphate ion may be necessary A

salting out agent, for example ammonium nitrate may be added to the

solution to increase the efficiency of solvent extraction.

The resulting solution may be extracted with diethyl ether but is

preferably extracted with an organic solvent described in the

Specification of Application No 11139/48 (Serial No 781,721), or

alternatively with a mixture of diethyl ether and one of the said

organic solvents A solvent mixture consisting of 80 parts diethyl

ether and 20 parts tetrahydrosylvane and 5 parts nitric acid has been

found satisfactory in a continuous extraction process, the nitric acid

being present to avoid or reduce extraction of this acid from the

aqueous Dhase The residual aqueous solution may be treated for

recovery of thorium and rare earths.

The organic solvent extract obtained in this way contains uranium,

some thorium and cerium, and possibly phosphoric acid if the

separation in initial stage was not complete The uranium may be

recovered in any convenient way For example the extract may be treated

with successive small quantities of water until the organic solvent is

free from uranium and the resulting aqueous uranium-containing

solution treated with hydrogen peroxide under acid conditions to

precipitate uranium peroxide, U 04-2 H 20, which may be recovered,

washed, dried and ignited to yield U 3 O,.

In operating the invention, it is important to ensure effective

separation of the solid and liquid phases of the mixture resulting

from the sulphuric acid treatment of the ore, since phosphoric acid

remaining with the solids adversely affects the efficiency of the

subsequent organic solvent extraction of the nitric acid solution

containing the uranium.

By employment of a centrifuge for the separation, it has been found

possible substantially to eliminate phosphate from the

uranium-containing solution It is also of importance to avoid

hydration of the concentrated sulphuric acid used for the treatment of

the ore until separation of the solids is complete, since the

solubility of the uranium in this acid increases with hydration Ore

should therefore be dry and access of the acid phase to atmospheric

moisture should be avoided as far as possible By avoiding losses due

to presence of phosphate at the organic solvent extraction stage and

due to solubility of the uranium in the concentrated sulphuric acid,

recoveries of substantially 95 per cent or higher of uranium in

monazite may be obtained.

While the invention has been described with reference to the treatment

of monazite, 70 it is to be understood that it is applicable to

phosphatic uranium-containing ores generally andl especially to such

ores containing uranium in quadrivalent form.

In the present Specification, the term 75 "concentrated sulphuric

acid" means acid of substantially 1 84 specific gravity.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our

said invention and in what manner the same is to be per, 80

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