5 Types of Chemical 5 Types of Chemical ReactionsReactions

Unit 4Unit 4

Chapter 10Chapter 10

1. 1. Combustion ReactionsCombustion Reactions Occurs when oxygen reacts with a Occurs when oxygen reacts with a

hydrocarbon to produce water and hydrocarbon to produce water and carbon dioxide.carbon dioxide.

A hydrocarbon is a compound containing A hydrocarbon is a compound containing only Carbon, Hydrogen and sometimes only Carbon, Hydrogen and sometimes oxygen.oxygen.

Example:Example:

CC1010HH88(s) + 12O(s) + 12O22 (g) (g) 10CO 10CO22 (g) + (g) + 4H4H22O(g)O(g)

2. 2. Synthesis (or Synthesis (or Combination)Combination)

the combination of 2 or more the combination of 2 or more substances to form a compoundsubstances to form a compound

only one productonly one product

A + B A + B AB AB

Example: 2 Cu + OExample: 2 Cu + O22 2CuO2CuO

SynthesisSynthesis

HH22(g) + Cl(g) + Cl22(g) (g) 2 HCl(g) 2 HCl(g)

3. 3. DecompositionDecomposition a compound breaks down into 2 or more simpler substancesa compound breaks down into 2 or more simpler substances

only one reactantonly one reactant

Examples:Examples: 2H2H22O(l) O(l) 2H 2H22(g) + O(g) + O2 2 (g)(g)

HH22COCO33 (aq) (aq) H H22O (l) + COO (l) + CO2 2 (g)(g)

AB AB A + B A + B

DecompositionDecomposition

2 H2 H22O(O(ll) ) 2 H 2 H22(g) + O(g) + O22(g) (g)

3. 3. Single ReplacementSingle Replacement Occurs when a single element reacts Occurs when a single element reacts

with an ionic compound and switches with an ionic compound and switches places with one of the elements in the places with one of the elements in the compound.compound.

A + BC A + BC B + B +

ACAC

4. 4. Single DisplacementSingle Displacement General Form: AB + C General Form: AB + C AC + B AC + B

Cation Displacement Cation Displacement

Al + CuClAl + CuCl22 (aq) (aq) Cu + Cu + AlClAlCl33(aq)(aq)

Anion DisplacementAnion Displacement

ClCl22 + KBr + KBr KCl + Br KCl + Br22

Single ReplacementSingle Replacement

Cu(s) + 2AgNOCu(s) + 2AgNO33(aq) (aq) Cu(NO Cu(NO33))22(aq) + 2Ag(s) (aq) + 2Ag(s)

AB + CD AB + CD AD + AD +

CBCB

5. 5. Double ReplacementDouble Replacement ions in two compounds “change ions in two compounds “change

partners”partners” cation of one compound combines with cation of one compound combines with

anion of the otheranion of the other

Double ReplacementDouble ReplacementPb(NO3)2(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) PbCrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)

Usually produce a solid product (precipitate)!

Steps to Classifying Steps to Classifying ReactionsReactions

1. Does the reaction contain oxygen, 1. Does the reaction contain oxygen, carbon dioxide and water? If Yes, carbon dioxide and water? If Yes, then it is combustionthen it is combustion

2.2. Do simple molecules form one more Do simple molecules form one more complicated product? If yes, then it complicated product? If yes, then it is synthesis/combination.is synthesis/combination.

3. Does a single reactant break apart 3. Does a single reactant break apart to 2 or more simpler products? to 2 or more simpler products? Then it is decompositionThen it is decomposition

Steps to Classifying ReactionsSteps to Classifying ReactionsContinued. . . .Continued. . . .

4. Is there an ionic compound and a 4. Is there an ionic compound and a single element on the reactant side single element on the reactant side and product side? Then it is single and product side? Then it is single displacement.displacement.

5. Are all compounds ionic? Then it is 5. Are all compounds ionic? Then it is double displacment/Replacement.double displacment/Replacement.

ExamplesExamples

CC33HH77OH + OOH + O22 CO CO22 + H + H22OO

Mg + OMg + O22 MgO MgO

HH22OO22 H H22O + OO + O22

Al + CuClAl + CuCl22 Cu + AlCl Cu + AlCl33

Pb(NOPb(NO33))22 + KI + KI PbI PbI22 + KNO + KNO33

CombustionCombustion

SynthesisSynthesis

DecompositionDecomposition

Single Single DisplacementDisplacement

Double Double DisplacementDisplacement

MgO