5 themes of geography - ms. simon's corner€¦ · 5 basic themes of geography absolute...
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5 Themes of Geography
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5 Basic Themes of
Geography
Absolute Location
Provides a definite reference to locate a place. Is given in degrees of latitude and longitude (global location) or street address (local location)
Latitude: angular distance north or south from the Earth’s equator marked in degrees
Longitude: angular distance expressed in degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian, which runs through Greenwich, England
Relative Location
Depends upon point of reference (ex: near, far, a short drive, etc.)
Described by landmarks, time, direction or distance from one place to another
#1 Location: Where are we?
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Themes Cont’d
Human characteristics:
derived from ideas/actions of people that result in changes to the environment (bridges, buildings, roads, clothing, food habits, language, culture) – cultural landscape
Physical characteristics:
Landforms (mountains, plains, etc.), bodies of water (oceans, rivers, lakes, etc.), ecosystems (soil, plants, animals, climate)
#2 Place: the physical and cultural
characteristics of an area
What is it like there? What kind of place is
it? What do you think of when you
imagine…?
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Place cont’d
People develop a sense of place by infusing a place with meaning and emotion.
We also develop perceptions of places where we have never been through books, movies, stories, and pictures.
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Themes Cont’d
#3 Human-Environment Interaction: the relationship between people and the land
How do people interact with and change their environment?
We depend on the environment
Ex: rivers = water, transportation
We adapt to the environment
Ex: wear shorts in summer, coats in winter
We modify the environment Ex: heating and cooling buildings for comfort
Construction of Hoover Dam on Colorado River
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Themes Cont’d
#4 Movement: the effort of people to overcome the limits of place
Movement of people
Cars, trucks, trains, planes
Movement of products
Cars, trucks, trains, planes
Movement of information/ideas
Phones, internet, social media, radio, magazines, TV, mail
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#5 Region: any area based on one characteristic
(larger than place – ex: the South)
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Map Skills
Reading a Map Title: tells you what kind of information the map
is showing
Legend or Key: explains the symbols, colors, and lines used on the map
Scale Bar: shows the relationship between map measurements and actual distances on the earth
Compass Rose: indicates direction (4 Cardinal Directions – North, South, East, West usually indicated with arrows or points of a star. The intermediate directions (northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest) may also be shown
Cities: represented by a dot
Capitals: represented by star within a circle
Boundary Lines: on political maps of large areas, boundary lines highlight borders between different countries, states, or counties