Mainstreaming Climate Change into Disaster Risk Reduction

Programme and Plan of Action for the Caribbean

5th Caribbean Conference on Comprehensive Disaster Management “CDM: Strengthening Partnerships for Resilience”

Hilton Rose Hall Resort & Spa, Montego Bay, Jamaica6th – 10th December, 2010

Dr. Adrian CashmanChair

Climate Change and Disaster Management Working Group (CCDM- WG)

PRESENTATION OVERVIEW

1. Caribbean Hazard and Vulnerability Context

2. Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction

3. Mainstreaming Climate Change into Disaster Risk Management for the Caribbean Region (CCDM) Project – Model Programme and Plan of Action

4. Next Steps and Take Home Messages

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THE CARIBBEAN- Climate Change & Natural Hazards

The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report concluded that climate change is now a certainty, and that it has begun to affect the frequency, intensity, and length of many climate-related

hazard events, such as floods, droughts, storms and extreme temperatures, thus increasing

the need for additional timely and effective adaptation.

Severe Weather EventSt. Vincent & the Grenadines, 2008

Flood Event – TrinidadAugust 2008

Hurricane Lenny, Palmiste, Grenada, 1999

Hurricane TomasSaint Lucia, 2010

CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Change in rainfall regimes• adverse effect on agriculture

Decrease in precipitation• less available water

Increase in temperatures• increased evaporation• increased evapo-transpiration

(soil moisture)• implications for:

Agriculture Health Coral reefs

Variations of air temperature in the Eastern Caribbean

Period: 1973 to 2000

BARBADOS TRINIDAD

SAINT LUCIA

DOMINICA

-0.8-0.6-0.4-0.20.00.20.40.60.8

1970

1973

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

1960

1963

1966

1969

1972

1975

1978

1981

1984

1987

1990

1993

1996

1999

Period: 1973 to 2000

Barbados Trinidad

-0.8-0.6-0.4-0.20.00.20.40.60.81.0

1973

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

-2.5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1974

1977

1980

1983

1986

1989

1992

1995

1998

2001

2004

Saint Lucia

Dominica

Source, Charlery, UWI, 2009

CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Increase in extreme events – droughts, floods Increased sea level rise

salt water intrusion coastal inundation beach/coastline erosion storm surge exaggeration

Increased intensity of heavy rain events rapid run off flash floods accelerated soil erosion accelerated run off of contaminants

Adverse effects on coastal water

Source, Charlery, UWI, 2009

CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE Greater intensity of hurricanes

Implications for: human settlements tourism infrastructure livelihoods

Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) & Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

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• CCA and DRR converge in relation to climate hazards– The desired outcome of both is risk reduction– DRR is concerned primarily with risks from present climate variability,

geographically and related extremes– CCA is primarily more focused upon increasing extremes of climate

events and the future changes in those risks

• Both CCA and DRR require similar information systems, skills, and institutional arrangements.– Measures to reduce vulnerability and disaster risk are proven and are

already being applied to adaptation.

• Integrating CCA and DRR would streamline response and avoid costly duplication of scarce resources

Source: GFDRR, World Bank, 2009; Briefing Note, ISDR , 2009

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CCA & DRR- POLICY FRAMEWORK

• Two policy frameworks are defining the CARICOM region’s priorities:

1. Regional Framework for Achieving Development Resilient to Climate Change 2009-2015 (CCCCC)

2. Comprehensive Disaster Management Strategy and Framework 2007-2012 (CDEMA)

Regional Framework for Achieving Development Resilient to Climate Change (2009-2015)

SE 1:

Mainstream CCA

strategies into the

sustainable dev.

agendas

SE 2:

Promote the implementation of specific adaptation

measures to address key

vulnerabilities

SE 3:

Promote actions to reduce the vulnerability of natural and human

systems

SE4:

Promote actions to reduce

greenhouse gas emissions

SE 5:

Promote actions to derive social, economic and environmental

benefits from the prudent

management of standing

forests

Objective To establish direction and to continue to reduce vulnerability in the region and build resilience

to the impacts of GCC.

VISIONBuilding Regional Resilience to a Changing Climate

Enhanced CDM Strategic Framework (2007-2012)

OUTCOME 4:Enhanced community resilience in CDEMA states/ territories to mitigate and respond to the adverse effects of climate change and disasters

OUTPUTSOUTPUTSOUTPUTSOUTPUTS

OUTCOME 3:Disaster Risk Management has been mainstreamed at national levels and incorporated into key sectors of national economies ( including tourism, health agriculture and nutrition)

OUTCOME 2:An effective mechanism and programme for management of comprehensive disaster management knowledge has been established

PURPOSETo strengthen regional, national and community level capacity for mitigation, management, and coordinated response to natural and technological hazards, and the effects of climate change. OUTCOME 1:Enhanced institutional support for CDM Program implementation at national and regional levels

GOAL

Regional Sustainable Development enhanced through CDM

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Mainstreaming Climate Change into Disaster Risk Management for the Caribbean Region (CCDM)

ProjectProject Objective: To strengthen regional, national and

community level capacity for mitigation, management and coordinated response to natural and technological ` hazards and the effects of climate change  

 Development Partner: Austrian Development Agency (ADA) Executing Agency: Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management

Agency (CDEMA)

Partners: CCCCC, CPDC, UWI (DRRC, CERMES), UNDP, IFRC, CANARI, UNIFEM,CIMH, OECS,

DFID, CaFAN, CRFM  Project Execution Unit: Nicole Alleyne, Programme Coordinator; Adanna Robertson, Programme Officer

Beneficiaries: CDEMA Participating States, SRFPs, Selected Communities

  Project Value: €689,425  Project Duration: Initiated in Dec 2008 extended until June 30th,

2011

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CCDM RESULTS AND ACTIVITIES

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The Model Programme and Plan of Action for Integrating CCA and DDR

“Blue print for national level integration of climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction”

ISDR 6 STEPS FOR MAINSTREAMING1. Mapping institutions, policies and mechanisms already in place

for reducing disaster risk and dealing with climate change;

2. Taking stock of the available information on hazards, exposure, vulnerabilities and risk assessments;

3. Convening multistakeholder discussions to review information and identify opportunities to harmonise policy and address capacity gaps;

4. Initiating capacity development activities to build or strengthen coherent approaches to climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction;

5. Designing joint project initiatives that address both climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction.

6. Conducting adaptation planning with a multisectoral, development based approach and centralised oversight responsibility

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PROGRESS ON MAINSTREAMING

Mapping institutions, policies and mechanisms

already in place for reducing disaster risk and

dealing with climate change;

Taking stock of the available information on hazards,

exposure, vulnerabilities and risk assessments;

Convening multi-stakeholder discussions to review

information and identify opportunities to harmonise policy and address capacity

gap

• A review has been undertaken of all work undertaken (mechanisms etc) and institutions at the regional level

• Mapped to the 2 policy frameworks; and gaps have been identified.

• Being advanced by the CCCCC/ CDEMA and work to date documented (incl. risk atlas)

• Informed the POA• Working on getting country specific

data

• The CCDM WG has been established (Oct 2009) and is regularly convened

• Detailed first draft of the POA; gaps identified

• Opportunities for harmonisation on common areas for discussion.

PROGRESS ON MAINSTREAMING

Initiating capacity development activities to

build or strengthen coherent approaches to climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction;

Designing joint project initiatives that address both climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction.

Conducting adaptation planning with a multisectoral, development based approach

and centralised oversight responsibility

• CCDM WG supports understanding of capacity needs

• Needs identified feed into the POA

• Initiatives designed as part of the POA to address practical problems• Strengthening of existing

and development of new projects

• Not yet achieved.

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PROGRAMME AREAS FOR INTEGRATING CCA AND DRR

Institutional structure & governance •CC integrated into the existing disaster management framework.

•Improved national climate change adaptation frameworks

Legislation•Model CC Legislation factors in specific considerations in DRR•Regional Standards factor in climate change considerations in disaster risk

reduction measures for hazard mapping and risk assessment.•Guidelines factor in CC considerations in DRR measures for building and

infrastructure.

Capacity building •Planning and national/local emergency organizations agencies’ have an

increased understanding of the impact of not reducing risk on sustainability, and increased ability to implement and enforce development standards.

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Data sets/ database •Improved accessibility to consolidated data related to

DM and CC.

Information & targeted

communication

•Revised CCCCC Climate Change Public Education and Outreach Strategy and CDEMA Model Education Strategy that includes intersection of CC and DRR

•Implementation of the information and communications strategy.

Research

•Best practices and documentation for regional implementation of CCA & DRR

•Remote sensing in disaster risk management. (case studies and new technology).Existing radars for real time flood forecasting (DRM).

•Improvement of existing climate models.

PROGRAMME AREAS FOR INTEGRATING CCA AND DRR

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• Coordinate programmes

• Establish standardised training programmes for the region through a suite of DRM & CC courses; as well as document available courses.

• Create and award undergraduate degrees in DRM including climate change.

• Sensitise all students, regardless of discipline, to DRM & CC.

Training and education

• Adapt existing M& E framework CDEMA/IDB Tourism project for use at national level.

• Improve information sharing using existing websites to provide access to project documents, information and outputs from CC & DRM projects.

• Establish instrumentation/technology to monitor hazards, including forecasting, early warning system(s) and projections.

Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E)

PROGRAMME AREAS FOR INTEGRATING CCA AND DRR

THE CCA AND DRR PLAN OF ACTION

• The CCDM-WG has so far developed some aspects of the cross cutting areas and begun the process of action planning to determine where action will be taken – public/private sector or civil society.– Desired Result– Target Group– Implementing Partners– Activities– Steps to be taken– Resources Required– Time Frame

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NEXT STEPS

1. Advance national consensus building workshops in four CDEMA pilot states (Dec to March 2011)

– Allow for the contextualising of the document for national mainstreaming.

– Further development of Action Plans through CCDM-WG and the CDEMA TAC Committee on Climate Change, Disaster Risk Reduction and Environment

2. Input for driving the process of developing a POA for the region (CCCCC) and helping to access available funds for the region.

3. Advance joint initiatives on adaptation and DRR planning with a multi sectoral, development based approach and centralised oversight responsibility

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TAKE HOME MESSAGES

1. Disaster Risk Reduction offers a triple win: limits the impacts of climate related hazards, directly supports adaptation to climate change and helps alleviate poverty.

2. The model programme and plan of action will provide guidance to CDEMA states on integrating DRR into their programming.

3. Integration is difficult cross cutting work and both in country and regional commitment together with sustained support from all stakeholders will be necessary to address risks.

4. Streamlining of DRR and CCA creates opportunities for access to available resources for the overall advancement of development in the region as a whole.

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CONTACT INFORMATION

The Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency, Coordinating Unit (CDEMA CU)

Building #1, Manor Lodge ComplexLodge Hill, St. Michael

Barbados

Email: nicole.alleyne@cdema.org

Or adanna.robertson@cdema.org

Web: http://www.cdema.org

Telephone: 246-425-0386