5-jan-16 r ramesh swing. 5-jan-16 r ramesh an introduction to java foundation classes (jfc) a suite...

Apr 21, 2023R Ramesh

Swing


An Introduction to Java Foundation Classes (JFC)

A suite of libraries to assist programmers create enterprise applications.Extends the original Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) by adding a comprehensive set of graphical user interface class libraries


The Five API’s of JFC

Abstract window toolkit (AWT)SwingAccessibilityJava 2DDrag and Drop


AWT

Basic GUI toolkitNew event modelDownward compatibility for java versions less than 1.1


Swing

Built on top of the core 1.1 and 1.2 AWT librariesHas twice the number of components as AWTCleaner design throughoutDepends on event handling mechanism of AWT 1.1


Accessibility

Assistance to users who have trouble with traditional user interfacesUsed in conjunction with devices such as audible text readers or braille keyboards


Java 2D

Classes for implementing various painting styles, complex shapes, fonts and colorsBased on APIs that were licensed from IBM’s Taligent divisionNot a part of Swing


Drag and Drop

Moving objects in and out of window or frame with predictable resultsCan be used to transfer information between Java applications and native applicationsNot a part of Swing


The Five API’s of JFC


Why Swing and Why Not AWT?

AWT provided minimum functionality necessary to create a windowing applicationSwing is not a replacement for AWT but built on top of core AWT libraries


Disadvantages of AWT

Uses platform’s native componentsMinimal number of componentsTiming and sequence problems between platforms


Why Swing?

Pluggable look-and-feelsLightweight componentsOther features Wide variety of components Support for rendering custom Swing

components Support for replacing their insets with

arbitrary concentric borders


Model View Controller (MVC) Architecture

Design Pattern introduced as a part of Smalltalk-80 version of Smalltalk programming languageBuild systems that made use of multiple, synchronized presentation of same data


MVC may be used in A graph package that contains

different graphical view of same data

A CAD system, in which portions of design can be viewed at different magnifications, in different windows and at different scales


Model

Represents state and low-level behavior of the componentManages state and conducts transformations on that stateHas no specific knowledge of either its controllers or its views


View

Manages visual display of the state represented by modelA model can have more than one viewSwing set has one view associated with one model


Controller

Manages user interaction with the modelHas mechanism by which changes are made to the state of the model


Benefits of MVC

Clearly defined separation between components of a programProblems in each domain can be solved independentlyBinding between the model and the view is dynamic


MVC in Swing Components


The Model

The methods under model can be grouped as Query internal state Manipulate internal state Add and remove event listeners Fire events


The View and Controller

Responsible for creating visual representation and handling user inputMethods are Paint Return geometric information Handle AWT events


JComponents and Subclasses

Abstract class extended by all Swing componentsContains properties such as, Background/foreground Enable/Disable Visibility


java.lang.Object

java.awt.Component

java.awt.Container

javax.swing.JComponent

JComponent’s Ancestry


Top Level Components

JAppletJDialogJFrameJWindow

derived from their AWT version


Components Under JComponentJComboBox JLabel JList JMenuBar JPanel JPopupMenu

JScrollPane JTable JTree JInternalFrame JOptionPane

JProgressBar JRootPane JSeparator JSlider JSplitPane

JTabbedPane JToolBar JToolTip JViewport JColorChooser

JFileChooser JLayeredPane JTextComponent

JTextAreaJTextField

JPasswordField

JEditorPane

JTextPane

JDesktopPane


Components Under JComponent Contd..

JRadioButton

JToggleButton

JButton

JMenuItem

JCheckBox

Abstract Button

JMenu JRadioButtonMenuItemJCheckButtonMenuItem


What JComponent Provides

Invalidating and repaintingPosition, size and alignmentAdding BordersTooltipsDouble BufferingFocus and Focus Cycle


JFrame

Standard windowRetains the look and feel of host OSActs as the main window to an application


JWindow

Floats anywhere on the screenHas no frame around itTypically used for popup menusTo display Splash screens


JDialog

Floats anywhere on the screenCan be modal or non-modalUsed to display messagesThe border and title bar are defined by the OS


JMenu

Attached to a menu bar (JMenuBar) or another JMenuItems are added using JMenuItemItems can be a JMenuItem and/or JCheckBoxMenuItem and/or JRadioButtonMenuItem


JPanel

A container to add components or to draw.A non-abstract version of JComponentCommon use is to group components


JScrollPane

Helps to scroll around panelsAutomatically adjusts itself


JSplitPane

A container which can hold two componentsCan be split horizontally or vertically


JTabbedPane

To display more components in one screenComponents are grouped into categoriesEach tab holds a category of components


ImageIcon

Load small ImagesUsed when neededUsed on Buttons, Check boxes, Radio buttons etc.


JToolBar

A series of icon buttonsUsed as shortcuts to tasksA tool tip is associated with each buttonA tool bar can be in a separate window


JSlider and JProgressBar

A JSlider has minimum, maximum and a current valueUnits on a JSlider can be displayed using tick marks and labelsA JProgressBar is used to display the progress of a task


JTable

Helps to create spreadsheet like controls that have rows and columnsEditable cellsCell renderers can be used to add components like checkbox into a cell


JTree

To display data in a hierarchical wayOne root node from which all nodes descendNodes can be collapsed/expanded


Summary

JFCBetween Swing and AWTMVC ArchitectureJComponent and its sub classes

5-jan-16 r ramesh swing. 5-jan-16 r ramesh an introduction to java foundation classes (jfc) a suite...

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