5 chemical bonds
DESCRIPTION
Chemistry Form 4 SPMTRANSCRIPT
5
WAJA F4 Chemistry Chapter 5: Chemical Bonds
NAME : ..
CLASS : ..
CHAPTER 5 : CHEMICAL BONDS
A Formation of Compounds
Learning Outcomes:You should be able:
explain the stability of noble gases
explain the conditions for the formation of chemical bonds
state the types of chemical bonds
Activity 1: Formation of chemical bondsChoose the correct answer from the table
1Noble gases are gases. They exist as.. gases and
are chemically unreactive . They have ... octet or .. electron ..
2Other atoms besides noble gases tend to achieve the stable electron arrangement through the formation of
3Two types of chemical bonds :
(i).. bond
- formed when atoms join together by transferring of electrons
(ii).. bond
- formed when atoms join together by ..of electrons
B IONIC BONDS
Learning outcomes:You should be able to:
explain the formation of ions
write the electron arrangements for the ions formed
explain the formation of ionic bonds
illustrate electron arrangement of an ionic bond
illustrate the formation of ionic bonds
Activity 2 : Formation of ions 1Underline the correct answer.
To achieve a stable electron arrangement :
(i) A metal atom (donates / accepts) electrons , forming a (positive / negative) ion
called cation .
(ii)A (non-metal / metal) atom accepts electrons , forming a (positive / negative) ion
called anion .
2Complete the diagram below.
(a)
(b)
(Refer to page 84 85 - F4 Chemistry text book)Activity 3 : Formation of ionic bonds
Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
1Formation of ionic compound, sodium chloride ()
Electron arrangement of sodium atom is ............................................................. A sodium atom .one electron to achieve the electron arrangement which is 2.8.
Sodium ion, .......... is formed
Electron arrangement of chlorine atom is.. Electron from sodium atom is transferred to a .atom
A chlorine atom electron from sodium atom to .. the stable electronwhich is 2.8.8 Chloride ion,.. is formed
The sodium ion, and chloride ion, formed are ..to one another to form an ionic compound .., .
The strong .forces between the opposite-charged ions is called .bond.(Refer to page 86 - F4 Chemistry text book)
2Complete the diagram below.
2.8.1 2.8.7 ............. ...............Sodium atom,Na Chlorine atom,Cl Sodium ion, Chloride ion, ..
3
(a)Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.Formation of ionic compound magnesium chloride, MgCl2 .
Electron arrangement of magnesium atom is ..................................................
A magnesium atom .two electrons to achieve the electron arrangement which is, 2.8.
Magnesium ion, .......... is formed
Electron arrangement of chlorine atom is Electrons from magnesium atom is transferred to two .atoms
A chlorine atom electron from magnesium atom to .. the stable electron which is 2.8.8. Chloride ion,.. is formed
The magnesium ion,Mg2+ and two chloride ions, formed are to one another to form an ionic compound ., MgCl2 The strong .forces between the opposite-charged ions is called ..bond(Refer to page 86 - F4 Chemistry text book)
(b)Complete the diagram below.
(Refer to page 86 - F4 Chemistry text book)
C Covalent Bonds
Learning Outcomes: You should be able :
state the meaning of covalent bonds
explain the formation of covalent bonds
illustrate the formation of covalent bonds
compare and contrast the formation of ionic and covalent bonds
Activity 4 : Formation of covalent bondsFill in the blanks with the correct words.
1Covalent bonds are formed when .. atoms .. electrons to achieve . electron arrangements .
2Types of covalent bonds:-
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
3A single bond is formed when of electrons is shared between two atoms.
A double bond is formed when ..of electrons is shared between two atoms.
A triple bond is formed when .of electrons is shared between two atoms.
4Formation of hydrogen molecules, H2 :-
A hydrogen atom has valence electron, with an electron arrangement of... It needs .. more electron to achieve the .. electron arrangement
..hydrogen atoms one electron each for
Shared-paired electrons forms a .. bond in the hydrogen molecule, H2 Single bond holds the two hydrogen atoms together because the shared-pair of electrons is attracted to the.. of both atoms
5Complete the diagram below.
(a)
(b)A covalent bond can be illustrated by using.
Activity 5 : Formation of covalent bonds
1Formation of oxygen molecules, O2 :
An oxygen atom has valence electron, with an electron arrangement of.. It needs .more electrons to achieve the .. electron arrangement
....oxygen atoms sharepairs of electrons forming a..bond
2
(a)Draw the electron arrangement for the formation of oxygen molecule.
[Proton number : O, 8 ;]
(b)Illustrate the formation of oxygen molecule using the Lewis structure.
3Formation of a nitrogen molecule, N2 :
A nitrogen atom has valence electron, with an electron arrangement ....
It needs more electrons to achieve the .. electron arrangement
..nitrogen atoms sharepairs of electrons forming a covalent bond
4Draw the electron arrangement for the formation of nitrogen molecule.
[Proton number : N, 7]
(b)Illustrate the formation for nitrogen molecule using the Lewis structure.
Activity 6 1Draw the electron arrangements for the formation of the following ionic compounds:
[Proton number : Li, 3 ; Ca, 20 ; O, 8 ; Cl, 17 ]
(a)Lithium oxide,
(b)Calcium chloride,
2Draw the electron arrangements for the formation of the following covalent compounds
[Proton number : C, 6 ; Cl, 17, : O, 8]
(a)Tetrachloromethane, CCl4
(b) Carbon dioxide molecule, CO2
3Complete the table below to compare the characteristics for the formation of ionic and covalent bonds.
Ionic bondCharacteristicCovalent bond
Valence electrons
Electrons involved
ElementsNon-metals atom and non metal atoms
Electron transfer to achieve stable electron arrangementBond formation
Particles
D PROPERTIES OF IONIC AND COVALENT BONDING
Learning outcomes
You should be able to:
list the properties of ionic compounds.
list the properties of covalent compounds
explain the differences in the electrical conductivity of ionic and covalent compounds
describe the differences in melting and boiling points of ionic and covalent compounds
compare and contrast the solubility of ionic and covalent compounds state the uses of covalent compounds as solvents.
Activity 7 : Physical properties of ionic and covalent compounds1. Complete the table of the properties of ionic and covalent compounds, using the words
given in the box :
Ionic compoundPropertiesCovalent compound
Physical states at room temperature
Melting points
Boiling points
Electrical Conductivity
Solubility in water
Solubility in organic solvent
2Explain why ionic compounds are able to conduct electricity in aqueous solution or in molten state but not in solid state.
.
.
.
3Explain why covalent compound do not conduct electricity in all states..
.
4Explain why ionic compounds have higher melting points than covalent compounds.
.
.
5Example of covalent compounds ;-............................................................................................................................................Uses of covalent compounds as solvent in our daily lives: ..................................................................................................................................
Activity 8
1
Atom A Atom B
(a)Write the electron arrangement for atom A.
..
(b)A and B can form a compound
(i)What type of bond holds atom A and B together ?
..
(ii)What will happen to atom A during the formation of the compound with atom B?
..
(iii)Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed in (b)(ii).
(iv)State one physical property of the compound formed.
..
(c)Carbon atom, C, with an electron arrangement of 2.4 can combine with atom B to form a compound.
(i)What is the molecular formula of the compound formed?
.
(ii)If the relative atomic masses of carbon is 12 and B is 32, what is the relative molecular mass of the compound in c(i).
..
Activity 91The diagram below shows the proton number and the nucleon number for three atoms of elements, E , G and W. The letters used do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.
(a)The reaction between atoms of element G and W forms an ionic compound whereas the reaction between atoms of element E and W forms a covalent compound.
Explain how these ionic and covalent compounds are formed.
Ionic compound
Electron arrangement of an atom of element G is ................................................... Atom G .one electron to achieve the electron arrangement which is 2.8 G ion, .......... is formed
Electron arrangement of atom W is..
Electron from atom G is transferred to an atom of
Atom W receives .electron from atom G to achieve the .. electron arrangement which is 2.8.8 W ion,.. is formed
The G ion, .. and W ion, ..formed are ..to one another to form an .compound, . The strong .forces between the opposite-charged ions is called .. bond.
Covalent bond
Atom E has ... valence electrons, with an electron arrangement of.....
It needs .. more electrons to achieve the .. electron arrangement
One atom of E contributes four electrons for
Atom W has valence electrons, with an electron arrangement of.
It needs .more electron to achieve the.electron arrangement
One atom of E share a pair of electrons with .atoms of W
Covalent compound of is formed
Sharing ionic stable chemical bonds
monoatomic arrangement inert covalent duplet
conduct electricity in aqueous solution or molten state do not conduct electricity
low solid high insoluble soluble solid, liquid, gas
12
E
6
23
G
11
35
W
17
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