5-1 copyright © 2003 by john wiley & sons, inc. chapter 5 line-frequency diode rectifiers...
TRANSCRIPT
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5-1
Chapter 5
Diode Rectifiers
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5-2
Diode Rectifier Block Diagram
• Uncontrolled utility interface (ac to dc)
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5-3
A Simple Circuit
• Resistive load
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5-4
A Simple Circuit (R-L Load)
• Current continues to flows for a while even after the input voltage has gone negative
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5-5
A Simple Circuit (Load has a dc back-emf)
• Current begins to flow when the input voltage exceeds the dc back-emf
• Current continues to flows for a while even after the input voltage has gone below the dc back-emf
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5-6
Single-Phase Diode Rectifier Bridge
• Large capacitor at the dc output for filtering and energy storage
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5-7
Diode-Rectifier Bridge Analysis
• Two simple (idealized) cases to begin with
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5-8
Redrawing Diode-Rectifier Bridge
• Two groups, each with two diodes
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5-9
Waveforms with a purely resistive load and a purely dc current at the output
• In both cases, the dc-side voltage waveform is the same
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5-10
Diode-Rectifier Bridge Input Current
• Idealized case with a purely dc output current
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5-11
Diode-Rectifier Bridge Analysis with AC-Side Inductance
• Output current is assumed to be purely dc
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5-12
Understanding Current Commutation
• Assuming inductance in this circuit to be zero
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5-13
Understanding Current Commutation (cont.)
• Inductance in this circuit is included
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5-14
Current Commutation Waveforms
• Shows the volt-seconds needed to commutate current
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5-15
Current Commutation in Full-Bridge Rectifier
• Shows the necessary volt-seconds
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5-16
Understanding Current Commutation
• Note the current loops for analysis
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5-17
Rectifier with a dc-side voltage
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5-18
DC-Side Voltage and Current Relationship
• Zero current corresponds to dc voltage equal to the peak of the input ac voltage
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5-19
Effect of DC-Side Current on THD, PF and DPF
• Very high THD at low current values
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5-20
Crest Factor versus the Current Loading
• The Crest Factor is very high at low values of current
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5-21
Diode-Rectifier with a Capacitor Filter
• Power electronics load is represented by an equivalent load resistance
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5-22
Diode Rectifier Bridge
• Equivalent circuit for analysis on one-half cycle basis
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5-23
Diode-Bridge Rectifier: Waveforms
• Analysis using MATLAB
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5-24
Diode-Bridge Rectifier: Waveforms
• Analysis using PSpice
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5-25
• Analysis using PSpice
Input Line-Current Distortion
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5-26
Line-Voltage Distortion
• PCC is the point of common coupling
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5-27
• Distortion in voltage supplied to other loads
Line-Voltage Distortion
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5-28
Voltage Doubler Rectifier
• In 115-V position, one capacitor at-a-time is charged from the input.
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5-29
A Three-Phase, Four-Wire System
• A common neutral wire is assumed
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5-30
Current in A Three-Phase, Four-Wire System
• The current in the neutral wire can be very high
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5-31
Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier
• Commonly used
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5-32
Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier: Redrawn
• Two groups with three diodes each
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5-33
Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier Waveforms
• Output current is
assumed to be dc
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5-34
Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier: Input Line-Current
• Assuming output current to be purely dc and zero ac-side inductance
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5-35
Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier
• Including the ac-side inductance
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5-36
3-Phase Rectifier: Current Commutation
• output current is assumed to be purely dc
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5-37
Rectifier with a Large Filter Capacitor
• Output voltage is assumed to be purely dc
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5-38
Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Rectifier
• THD, PF and DPF as functions of load current
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5-39
Crest Factor versus the Current Loading
• The Crest Factor is very high at low values of current
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5-40
Three-Phase Rectifier Waveforms
• PSpice-based analysis