PROCEEDINGSEditor '. Noboru Masuko

4th International Conferenceon

Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Steel Sheet

GALVATECH98

September 20-23,1998

Makuhari, Chiba, Japan

The (iron and §tee\ institute of Japan

CONTENTS

Opening Lectures

Sl-l The Future of Surface Treatment Technology 3N. MasukoChiba Institute of Technology, Japan

Sl-2 New Zinc-Coated Steels and Their Processing Technologies in Japan 14T. AsamuraNippon Steel Corporation, Japan

S2-1 Future Trends of Steel Products from the Viewpoint of Global Environmentin Europe 22

P. PichantSOLLAC, France

S2-2 Future Tends of Steel Products from a North American Viewpoint on the GlobalEnvironment and Recycling 31

F. E. GoodwinInternational Lead Zinc Research Organization, Inc., U. S. A.

S2-3 Requirements and Production the Galvanizing Steel Sheet in China '97 39H. Z. ChenShanghai Hot Dip Galvanizing Engineering Association, China

Sessions A

A l Special Lectures-1New Production Technologies for Cost Reduction

Al-1 The North American View on Improving the Efficiency of the Manufactureand Use of Zinc-Coated Steels 47

J. R. Hiam*, S. G. Denner**, J. E. Hood***, R. G. Leonard***** LTV Steel Company, Inc., U. S. A., ** National Steel Corporation, U. S. A.,*** Stelco, Inc., Canada, **** USS Corporation, U. S. A.

Al-2 Cost Reduction Technology of Zinc Coated Steel Sheets in Japan 56N. HayashiNisshin Steel Co., Ltd., Japan

Al-3 Expectation for Automotive Coated Steel Sheet in View of Cost and GlobalSupplyability Needs 64

S. SugimotoToyota Motor Corporation, Japan

Al-4 Request on Zinc Coated Steel Sheets for Household Appliances 70T. MasudaMitsubishi Electric Corporation, Japan

A2 Zinc Bath Management-1

A2-1 Keynote LectureProgress in Development of Galvanizing Bath Management Tools 76

N. Y. Tang*, M. Dubois**, F. E. Goodwin**** Cominco Ltd., Canada, ** Cockerill Sambre, Belgium,*** International Lead Zinc Research Organization, Inc., U. S. A.

A2-2 Keynote LectureThermochemical Stability and Precipitation Behavior of Dross Phases in CGL Bath 84

S. YamaguchiNagoya Institute of Technology, Japan

A2-3 Numerical Modeling of Fluid Flow Patterns in a Continuos Galvanizing Bath 90M. Gagne*, M. Gaug*** Noranda Technology Centre, * * Maya Heat Transfer Technologies, Canada

A2-4 Development of Dross Control Methods in a Continuous Galvanizing Potby Numerical Bath Flow Analyses 96

K. Otsuka, M. Arai, S. KasaiKawasaki Steel Corporation, Japan

A2-5 The Use of Pre-Melt Pot Technology to Reduce Dross Defects on Hot DipGalvannealed Steel Sheet 102

L. Zhang*, S. G. Denner*, S. Furuichi*, J. L. Woytowicz*, M. Takahashi**, H. Naemura**** National Steel Corporation, U. S. A., ** ProCoil Corporation, U. S. A.,*** DNN Galvanizing Corporation, Canada

A3 Galvanized Steel Sheet-1

A3-1 Keynote LectureProduction Technologies of Hot-Dip Zinc-Aluminum Alloy Coated Steel Sheet 108

T. HadaDaido Steel Sheet Corporation, Japan

,***A3-2 The Surface Topography of Hot-Dip Galfan Coatings 115

R. D. Jones*, R. Trinick*, J. Wolstenholme*, S. T. Bluni**, A. R. Marder** North East Wales Institute, U. K., ** Kenyon and Kenyon, U. S. A.,

Lehigh University, U. S. A.** *

A3-3 Changing Behavior from Fe-Zn Intermetallic Compounds to Al-Fe IntermetallicCompounds in Molten Zn-0.2mass% Al Alloy Bath 121

Y. Uchida*, A. Komatsu*, A. Andoh*, K. Yamakawa*** Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd., ** University of Osaka Prefecture, Japan

A3-4 Initial Stage of Reaction between Sheet Steel and Molten Zn-0.2mass%Al Alloy Bath 127

A. Komatsu*, Y. Uchida*, A. Andoh*, K. Yamakawa*** Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd., ** University of Osaka Prefecture, Japan

II

A4 Galvanized Steel Sheet-1

A4-1 Reaction Mechanisms during Hot Dip Galvanizing: Effect of Phosphorouson Coating Development 133

Y. Lepretre, J. M. MataigneSOLLAC, France

A4-2 Short Time Investigation of Hot Dip Galvanizing of Steel under ControlledHydrodynamics 141

P. Toussaint*, L. Segers*, R. Winand*, M. Dubois*** Universite Libre de Bruxelles, ** Cockerill Sambre, Belgium

A4-3 Formation of Al-Zn-Si Coatings on Low Carbon Steel Substrates 147Y. Durandet*, L. Strezov*, N. Ebrill*** BHP Research, ** University of Newcastle, Australia

A5 Galvannealed Steel Sheet-1

A5-1 Microstructural Evolution during Galvannealing. Part I: Formation and Breakdownof the Fe-Al Inhibition Layer 153

E. T. McDevitt*, Y. Morimoto**, M. Meshii** Northwestern University, U. S. A., ** Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan

A5-2 Microstructural Evolution during Galvannealing. Part II: Formation and Growthof the Fe-Zn Intermetallic Compounds 161

E. T. McDevitt, M. MeshiiNorthwestern University, U. S. A.

A5-3 Effect of Process Parameters on Inhibition Breakdown Mechanisms during Hot DipGalvannealing 168

E. Baril*, G. L'Esperance**, E. Boutin*** Noranda Technology Centre, ** Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Canada

A5-4 Nucleation and Growth of Gamma Phases ( r and l~ 1) in a GalvannealedInterstitial Free Steel 174

A. T. Alpas*, J. Inagaki*** University of Windsor, Canada, ** NKK Corporation, Japan

A6 Galvannealed Steel Sheet-1

A6-1 Influence of Carbide-Forming-Elements in Substrate Steels on GalvannealingBehavior 180

N. Fujibayashi, K. Kyono, C. Kato, N. MoritoKawasaki Steel Corporation, Japan

A6-2 Influence of Alloying Elements in Steel on Galvannealing Behaviorof Interstitial-Free (IF)Steels 185

A. Miyasaka, K. MatsumuraNippon Steel Corporation, Japan

A6-3 Influence of Strip Temperature, Dipping Time and Al Content on the Inhibition LayerFormation on TiNb+P IF High Strength Steels in Continuous Galvanizing 190

I. Hertveldt, L. VandenBerghe, B. C. De CoomanUniversity of Ghent, Belgium

III

A7 Galvannealed Steel Sheet-1

A7-1 In-Situ Observation of Galvannealing Reaction Using an Image Plate 197Y. Morimoto, M. Kurosaki, M. Kimura, M. ImafukuNippon Steel Corporation, Japan

A7-2 Depression of Intergranular Zinc Diffusion along Coincidence Fe Grain Boundariesin Diffusional Fe/Zn Couples 202

Y. Adachi, A. SekiSumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Japan

A7-3 Influence of Substrate Topography on the Formation of Iron Zinc Phasesand the Properties of Galvanneal Coatings 208

S. P. Carless*, B. D. Jeffs**, V. Randle** University of Wales, ** Welsh Technology Centre, U.K.

A7-4 Modeling the Isothermal and Nonisothermal Kinetics of Iron Enrichment in Hot-DipGalvanneal Coatings on IF Steel Sheets 215

P. R. Rios*, U. R. Seixas*** Universidade Federal Fluminense, ** Companhia Sideriirgica Nacional, Brazil

A8 Galvannealed Steel Sheet-2

A8-1 Effect of Si in Steel on Hot-Dip Galvanizing and Galvannealing 221M. Hori, T. Nakamori, N. Usuki, T. Toki, M. AraiSumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Japan

A8-2 Galvannealing Behavior of High Strength ULC Sheet Steels 226J. S. Kim, J. H. ChungPohang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., Korea

A8-3 Properties of Galvannealed Coatings on TiNb IF Steels, Strengthenedwith Manganese 230

I. Hertveldt, B. C. De CoomanUniversity of Ghent, Belgium

A9 Galvannealed Steel Sheet-2

A9-1 Interfacial Shear Strength Measurement and Failure Initiation of Hot-DipGalvanized Steel Sheet at Various Heat-Treatment Conditions 236

Y.LinChung-Hua University, Taiwan

A9-2 Influence of Substrate Roughness on the Microstructure and Mechanical Propertyof Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Sheets 242

Y.LinChung-Hua University, Taiwan

A9-3 Mechanical Properties of the £ Intermetallic Compound in the Fe-Zn System 248M. H. Hong, H. SakaNagoya University, Japan

IV

A9-4 The Structure and Deformation Behavior of Hot-Dip Galvanized Coatings 254C. Maeda*, H. Fujisawa**, J. Shimomura***, M. Konishi**** Kawasaki Steel Corporation, ** Kawatetsu Galvanizing Co., Ltd.,*** Kawatetsu Techno-Research Co., Ltd., Japan

A10 Galvanized Steel Sheet-2

A10-1 Effect of Steel Surface Chemistry Modifications on Hot Dip Fe-Zn-Al Reactivity 260L. Bordignon, J. F. Willem, J. P. Servais, M. LamberigtsCentre de Recherches Metallurgiques (CRM), Belgium

A10-2 Development of Hot-Dip 55 % Aluminum-Zinc Alloy Coating Processby Flux Method 266

S. Higuchi, S. Nakano, T. Aishima, S. KobayashiNihon Parkerizing Co., Ltd., Japan

A l l Thin Organic Coating

All-1 Keynote LectureNew Functional Treatment for Electrogalvanized Steel Sheets 272

T. IchidaKawasaki Steel Corporation, Japan

All-2 Keynote LectureThin Organic Coatings. New Developments 280

L. M. CondeProcoat Tecnologias, S.L., Spain

All-3 Thin Organic Composite Coated Steel Sheet for Electrical Appliances 284T. Kubota, K. Sasaki, Y. Sugimoto, M. Yamashita, M. SagiyamaNKK Corporation, Japan

A12 Prepainted Steel Sheets and Environmental Recycling

A12-1 Keynote LectureNew Functional Painting for Prepainted Steel Sheet Products 290

K. Sakai, T. NomuraNippon Paint Co., Ltd., Japan

A12-2 Properties of Prepainted Steel Sheets for Home Appliances 296K. Yoshida, T. Anyashiki, K. Sasaki, M. YamashitaNKK Corporation, Japan

A12-3 A New Coil Coatings System Using Blocked Carboxylic Acid/Epoxide Reaction 300H. Mizutani, F. Ito, S. Aoki, M. IshidoyaNOF Corporation, Japan

A12-4 Keynote lectureA Recap of the Steel Industry's Efforts to Promote and Sustain Recyclingin North America 306

W. M. Heenan Jr.Steel Recycling Institute, U. S. A.

A12-5 Zinc Coated Steel Recycling: Situation and Outlook in the European Union 311P. Beguin*, C. Rome**, B. Gros***, A. Matthews****, G. Crocq****** European Zinc & Alloy Coated Steel Association,** Zinc Coated Steel Recycling European WG, *** Usinor, **** British Steel,***** International Zinc Association, Europe

A12-6 Powder Coil Coating an Alternative to Liquid Coil Coating 321R. MichaelisSMS Schloemann-Siemag AG, Germany

Sessions B

Bl Special Lectures-2Coated Steel Sheets for Housing

Bl-1 Residential Steel Framing: Building a Better North American Home 329K. M. de Souza*, M. N. Meyers*** Dofasco Inc., Canada, ** U. S. Steel Corporation, U. S. A.

Bl-2 Performance of 55 % Al-Zn Coated Steel Sheets Used for Residential Housesin Australia 337

D. J. WillisBHP Co., Ltd., Australia

Bl-3 Present Situations of Steel Houses in Japan 343Y. SakumotoThe Kozai Club, Japan

B2 Special Lectures-2Coated Steel Sheets for Housing

B2-1 Steel-Framed Housing Developments in Europe 351A. W. HumphreysBritish Steel Strip Products, U. K.

B2-2 Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention Technologies of Prefabricated House 357J. HondaDaiwa House Industry Co., Ltd., Japan

B2-3 Corrosion Evaluation for Zinc-Coated Steel Sheet in Residential Housing 363S. TsujikawaThe University of Tokyo, Japan

B3 Corrosion

B3-1 Keynote LectureNew Electrochemical Techniques for Corrosion Studies of Galvanized Steels 371

T. Tsuru*, A. Nishikata*, K. Noda*' *** Tokyo Institute of Technology, ** National Research Institute for Metals, Japan

B3-2 Application of Scanning Electrochemical Techniques to Study the Degradation ofCoil-Coated Steel 376

D. Thierry, F. ZouSwedish Corrosion Institute, Sweden

VI

B3-3 ECM (Edge Corrosion Monitor) Sensor for Evaluation of Edge Corrosionof Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Steel Sheets 382

T. Shinohara, Z. Wu, S. TsujikawaThe University of Tokyo, Japan

B3-4 In Situ Visualization of Surface Reactivity on the Cut Edge ofGalvanized Steel Products 388

K. Ogle, R. Nicolle, L. Garrigues, H. Lavelaine, V. BauduIRSID, France

B4 Corrosion

B4-1 In-Situ Corrosion Monitoring of Steel Flamed House by Using ACMSensors with a Fe-Ag Galvanic Couple 394

I. Kage, S. FujitaNKK Corporation, Japan

B4-2 Corrosion Resistance of Zinc and Zinc-Aluminum Alloy Coated SteelSheets Used for Steel-Framed House 399

H. Nomura*, M. Matsumoto**, H.Tozaki*, M. Yamamoto**, S. Tsujikawa**** Nippon Steel Corporation, ** Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd.,

; The University of Tokyo, Japan* * *

B4-3 Corrosion Behavior of Steel and Zinc in Cyclic Corrosion Tests 404M. MatsumotoSumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Japan

B4-4 Corrosion Testing of Steel and Zinc 410X. G. Zhang, J. Hwang, W. K. WuCominco Ltd., Canada

B5 Corrosion

B5-1 Keynote LectureAtmospheric Corrosion of Galvanized Steel in Various Environments 416

F. I. WeiChina Steel Corporation, Taiwan

B5-2 Atmospheric Corrosion of Zinc Coated Steel under Wet-Dry CyclingConditions 421

G. A. EL-Mahdy*, A. Nishikata**, T. Tsuru*** Helwan University, Egypt, ** Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

B5-3 Weathering Test Results of Pre-Painted Galvanized Steel Sheets for aFive Year Period 427

M. Iwai, T. Saitou, H. Nakano, T. TanakaKobe Steel, Ltd., Japan

B6 Corrosion

B6-1 Anticorrosion in Atmospheric Exposure of Zn-Mg-Al Hot Dip GalvanizedSteel Sheet 433

H. Shindo, K. Nishimura, K. KatoNippon Steel Corporation, Japan

VII

B6-2 Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Zn-Mg-Al Hot-Dip GalvanizedSteel Sheet 437

K. Nishimura*, H. Shindo*, K. Kato*, Y. Morimoto*, S. Funaki*** Nippon Steel Corporation, ** Nittetu Techno Research, Japan

B6-3 Corrosion Resistance of Vapor-Deposited Zn-Mg Plated Steel Sheet 443Y. Fukui, H. Tanaka, M. Saito, T. DeguchiNisshin Steel Co., LTD., Japan

B7 Corrosion

B7-1 Keynote LectureCorrosion and Corrosion Protection Technologies of Metallic Roof and Wall 449

J.OkaNippon Steel Metal Products Co., Ltd., Japan

B7-2 Keynote LectureCoated Sheet Steel for Non-Residential Construction Applicationsin North America 455

D. W. Gomersall*. E. D. Melcher*** National Steel Corporation, ** Bethlehem Steel Corporation, U. S. A.

B7-3 Economical Application of Coated Steel Sheet for Non-Residential Constructionin North America 461

K. S. KimStar Building Systems, U. S. A.

B7-4 The Phosphated Galvanized Stainless Steel Sheet with Special Design Similarto Dark Gray Japanese Roofing Tile 467

H. Kawaguchi, T. KittakaNisshin Steel Co., Ltd., Japan

B7-5 Experimental Study of Stress Corrosion Cracking of a Galvanized Steel 473J. B. Vogt, G. Reumont, O. Moriau, J. FoctUniversite de Lille I, France

B8 Conversion Coating

B8-1 Keynote LectureProgress in Environmentally Friendly Chemical Conversion Coatings 479

S. MaedaParker Industries Inc., Japan

B8-2 Keynote LectureDevelopment of Chromium-Free Passivation and Pretreatment Systems • • •' 486

P. SchubachChemetall GmbH, Germany

B8-3 Effective Trivalent Chromate for Galvanized Steel Sheet 487H. J. KimPOSCO, Korea

B8-4 Properties of Newly Developed Dry-In-Place Chromate Coated Steel Sheet 492A. Matsuzaki, T. Yamaji, M. YamashitaNKK Corporation, Japan

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B9 Electrogalvanized Steel Sheets

B9-1 Keynote LectureElectrodeposition Mechanism of Zinc and Zinc Alloys 497

H. FukushimaKyushu University, Japan

B9-2 Electrodeposition Behavior of Zinc Alloys with Iron-Group Metals in thePresence of Catalyst 503

M. Yano*, W. Maw Soe*, T. Ohgai*, T. Akiyama**, H. Fukushima** Kyusyu University, ** Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan

B9-3 Effect of Additives on Zn-Ni Codeposition in Chloride Bath 509Y. S. Jin*, T. Y. Kim*, H. T. Kim*, K. Y. Kim*** Pohang Iron & Steel Co,. Ltd., **Pohang University of Science andTechnology, Korea

B9-4 An Interfacial Approach of Composite Zinc Plating 515D. Aslanidis*, J. Fransaer*, J. P. Celis*, U. Meers**, L. Renard**** Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ** Sidmar-OCAS,*** Cockerill-Sambre, Belgium

BIO Electrogalvanized Steel Sheets

B10-1 In-Situ Observation of Zinc Electrodeposition Using Synchrotron RadiationX-Ray Diffraction 521

M. Kurosaki, M. Imafuku, K. KawasakiNippon Steel Corporation, Japan

B10-2 Crystal Growth and Atomic Force Microscopy Observation of Zinc andZinc-Alloy Electrodeposits 526

K. Kondo, Z. Tanaka, G. OdamaUniversity of Okayama, Japan

B10-3 In Situ Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Zinc andIron-Group Metal Single Crystals in Acidic Solutions 531

S. Ando*, T. Suzuki*, K. Itaya*** NKK Corporation, ** Tohoku University, Japan

B10-4 Crystal Structure of Electrodeposited Zn Alloy (Zn-Ni, Zn-Cr) CoatingsHaving r Like Phase 537

S. Hashimoto*, M. Nagoshi**, S. Ando*, T. Urakawa*, M. Sagiyama** NKK Corporation, ** Kokan Keisoku K. K., Japan

B10-5 Structure and Properties of ZnNi Alloy Electrodeposited Sheet Steel 542C. S. Lin*, H. B. Lee*, S. H. Hsieh*** Da-Yeh University, ** China Steel Corporation, Taiwan

B l l Electrogalvanized Steel Sheets

Bll-1 Effect of Crystal Orientation on Properties of Zinc Electroplated Steel Sheets 547K. Ishii, M. Kimoto, A. YakawaSumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Japan

IX

Bll-2 Diffusible Hydrogen of Electrogalvanized Steel 553F. Yuse, T. NakayamaKobe Steel, Ltd., Japan

Bll-3 Development of Zn-Ni Coated Steel Sheet for Fuel Tank 558H. Kashiwagi, S. Tsuchiya, H. Nagai, K. Fukui, N. KimiwadaSumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Japan

Bll-4 Solderability of Electrogalvanized Steel Sheet 564N. Shinohara, J. Fujimoto, M. Yoshikawa, K. Koike, K. KandaToyo Kohan Co., Ltd., Japan

Bll-5 Characteristics of Zn-Co-Cr-AI2O3 Composite Coated Steel Sheet 570H. Nakakoji, K. MochizukiKawasaki Steel Corporation, Japan

Sessions C

Cl Forming

Cl-1 Keynote LectureRoll-Forming of Coated Steel Sheets for Housing 577

M. KiuchiThe University of Tokyo, Japan

Cl-2 Experience of HDG Products for Automotive Outer Panels at FrenchCar Makers 583

D. Quantin*, M. Babbit*, B. Chardon**, M. Cherault**** SOLLAC, ** PSA, *** Renault, France

Cl-3 Strain State and Microstructure Effects on Formability of GalvannealedSheet Steels 589

R. VenkataramanBethlehem Steel Corporation, U. S. A.

Cl-4 Stone Chipping Resistance, Press Behavior and Coating Roughness ofGalvannealed IF Steels 597

J. Hamers, A. van der Heiden, W. van Koesveld, J. P. SchoenHoogovens, The Netherlands

C2 Forming

C2-1 Effect of Coating Characteristics on Powdering Performance ofGalvanneal Coatings 603

W. Zhong, H. F. Ng, M. IchikawaDofasco Inc., Canada

C2-2 Origins of Improved Forming Performance of PrephosphatedGalvannealed Sheet Steels 608

N. D. Kunde, G. M. Michal, J. H. PayerCase Western Reserve University, U. S. A.

C2-3 Characteristics of Prephosphated Galvannealed Steel Sheet 614H. Irie, T. Yamamoto, H. Nakano, M. SimizuKobe Steel, Ltd., Japan

X

C2-4 Properties of a Newly Developed Galvannealed Steel Sheet with Ni-baseInorganic Lubricant Film 620

M. Sakurai, Y. Yamasaki, S. Hashimoto, S. Inoue, A. Hiraya, T. Urakawa, J. InagakiNKK Corporation, Japan

C2-5 The Influence of Dry Film Lubricants on the Application Properties ofCoated Sheet Steel 626

A. De Boeck, J. Scheers, F. Lambert, C. De MareOCAS N.V., Belgium

C3 Zinc Bath Management-2

C3-1 The Al Pick Up Variations on Industrial Galvanizing Sheets 634M. DuboisCockerill Sambre, Belgium

C3-2 Validation Studies of the Numerical Simulation of Flow in the BethlehemSteel, Burns Harbor Galvanizing Bath 642

F. Ajersch*, C. Binet*, F. E. Goodwin**, K. S. Turke***, P. S. Kolisnyk***** Ecole Polytechnique, Canada, ** International Lead Zinc Research Organization, U. S. A.,*** Bethlehem Steel Corporation, U. S. A, **** Cominco Limited, Canada

C3-3 Application of Mixing Models to Evaluate the Transport of Aluminumin a Continuous Galvanizing Bath 648

C. Binet, F. AjerschEcole Polytechnique, Canada

C3-4 Predicting Aluminum Level of Continuous Galvanizing Baths 654N. Y. TangCominco Ltd., Canada

C4 Automotive Industry

C4-1 Keynote LectureDevelopment of Laboratory Corrosion Tests by the Automotive and Steel Industriesof North America 659

H. E. Townsend*, D. D. Davidson**, M. R. Ostermiller**** Bethlehem Steel Corporation, ** Chrysler Corporation,*** General Motors Corporation, U. S. A.

C4-2 Development of Accelerated Corrosion Test for the Automobile Industry 667L. Bourdeau*, A. Jussiaume**, A. Bello** SOLLAC, ** Renault, France

C4-3 Electrochemical Sensors to Measure the Degradation of AutomotiveMaterials during Accelerated Corrosion Tests 672

D. ThierrySwedish Corrosion Institute, Sweden

C5 Automotive Industry

C5-1 Keynote LectureAdvancements in Automotive Corrosion Resistance 678

M. R. Ostermiller, L. L. Piepho, L. Singer, L. RaymondGeneral Motors Corporation, U. S. A.

XI

C5-2 Keynote LectureCorrosion Behavior of Zinc Coated Steel Sheets on Automobile 686

S. FujitaNKK Corporation, Japan

C5-3 Corrosion Performance of Galvanneal Sheet Steel as a Function ofCoating Weight 692

K. C. Chou, T. C. Simpson, J. D. HoffmanBethlehem Steel Corporation, U. S. A.

C6 Automotive Industry

C6-1 Pinholing Mechanisms during Cataphoretic Painting of GalvannealedSteel Sheets 697

J. M. Mataigne, J. HouzielSOLLAC, France

C6-2 Prepainted Steel Sheet for the Automotive Industry 703F. M. Androsch, K. Kosters, K. H. StellnbergerVOEST- ALPINE STAHL LINZ GmbH, Austria

C6-3 Control of Steel Surface Appearance after Painting: Application to Hot DipGalvanized Products 709

H. Jacobs, H. Derule, F. BugnardSOLLAC, France

C6-4 Thin Organic Coating Applications for Automotive Body 715A. Lerouge, C. Le Gal, D. ConstantSOLLAC, France

C7 New Coating Line Technologies-1

C7-1 Upgrading Hot Dip Galvanizing Lines 722A. Kapellner*, A. Angerbauer*, L. Schonberger*** VOEST-ALPINE INDUSTRIEANLAGENBAU GmbH,** VOEST-ALPINE STAHL LINZ GmbH, Austria

C7-2 Introduction of New Technology to the HDG-Line No. 2 of VOEST-ALPINESTAHL LINZ 728

J. Faderl, L. Schonberger, W. Fischer, M. PimmingerVOEST-ALPINE STAHL LINZ GmbH, Austria

C7-3 Leak Detection on a Hot-Dipped Galvanizing Line 734A. Gaggioli*, G. Zander**, C. Deutsch**, P. Fatrez**, A. Lerouge*** IRSID, ** SOLLAC, France

C7-4 Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Steel Strip by the Vertical Process 739K. Frommann*, V. A. Paramonov*** Mannesmann Demag AG Metallurgy, Germany,** I. P. Bardin Central Research Institute of Iron and Steel Industry, Russia

C7-5 Combination MINI-LINEP®.C.G.L./C.C.L of Maghreb Tubes: EconomicAdvantage of the Concept 745

M. Boyer*, M. Sekkat el Fadel*** Stein Heurtey, France, ** Maghreb Tubes, Morocco

XII

C8 New Coating Line Technologies-2

C8-1 Wiping by Electromagnetic Techniques in Hot Dip Galvanizing 751M. Malmendier, J. Crahay, J. F. Noville, S. WilmotteCentre de Recherches Metallurgiques(CRM), Belgium

C8-2 A New Air Knife System with Adjustable Lip Gaps for Hot Dip Galvanizing 757H. Iwamoto, A. Yamauchi, Y. Hasegawa, T. IsonoSumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Japan

C8-3 Zinc Coatings on Steel by Advanced PVD Techniques 763L. Guzman, M. Adami, E. VoltoliniUniversity of Trento, Italy

C9 New Coating Line Technologies-2

C9-1 New Insoluble Anode for High-Speed Galvanizing Line 768R. Otogawa*, K. Soda*, S. Yamauchi*, M. Morimitsu**, M. Matsunaga*** Daiso Co., Ltd., ** Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan

C9-2 Improved Circumferential Technology for High PerformanceElectrogalvanized Steel Sheets 772

S. Prati*, C. Raggio*, L. Ulivieri*, V. Ghisolfi**, M. Podrini**, S. Ramundo*** Techint SpA, ** Centra Sviluppo Materiali SpA, Italy

CIO Welding

C10-1 Keynote LectureArc Welding Technologies of Galvanized Steel Sheet for Automotive Underbody 778

H. Matsui*,H. Oikawa*** Toyota Motor Corporation, ** Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan

C10-2 Weldbonded Zinc Coated Steel Structures Feasibility and Properties 785P. Charbonnet, A. Clad, H. Di Fant Jaeckels, J. L. ThirionSOLLAC, France

Cll Surface and Structural Analysis

Cll-1 Keynote LectureMicrostructural Development of Galvanneal Coatings 791

M. MeshiiNorthwestern University, U. S. A.

Cll-2 Formation of £ Phase at an Interface between Fe and Zn (Al): Cross-Sectional TEMObservation of Multilayer Structures of Galvanized and Galvannealed Steels 797

T. Kato, K. Nunome, H. SakaNagoya University, Japan

Cll-3 In Situ TEM Observation of Reactions between Fe and Molten Zn (Al) 803T. Kato*, K. Nunome*, Y. Morimoto**, K. Nishimura**, N. Kato***, H. Saka** Nagoya University, ** Nippon Steel Corporation, *** IBM, Japan

XIII

Cll-4 Effect of Grain Boundary Structures in £ Crystals on GalvanizingReaction on Fe-P Alloy 807

Y. Adachi, M. AraiSumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Japan

Cll-5 On the Division of <S ,-Pahse into 8 lp and <Slk 813M. H. Hong, T. Kato, H. SakaNagoya University, Japan

Cll-6 Element Distribution of Aluminum and Lead in Hot-Dip GalvanizedCoatings and their Influences on the Coating Properties 819

B. Schuhmacher*, M. Koster**, M. Meurer*, D. Sommer** Thyssen Krupp Stahl AG,** IFU Institut fur Umformtechnik der mittelstandischen Wirtschaft GmbH, Germany

C12 Surface and Structural Analysis

C12-1 Self-Learning Defect Classification and its Application in the Steel Industry 825T. Fong, M. Jones, M. StraforiniCognex Corporation, U. S. A.

C12-2 Characterization of Ripples in Liquid State by Means of Optical Techniques • 833M. Dubois*, M. Arnalsteen**, M. L. Riethmuller**, J. M. Buchlin*** Cockerill Sambre, ** von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Belgium

C12-3 Characterization of Sag Lines on Lead-Free Hot-Dip Galvanized Coating 839B. Colinet*, L. Renard*, M. Dubois*, P. Bourgeois*** Cockerill Sambre, Belgium, ** GALVAMEUSE, France

C12-4 The Causes and Prevention of Poor Appearance of Galvanized SteelSheets Produced from a Flux Bath 845

S. Maeda*, M. Yamamoto**, S. Arai**** Parker Industries Inc., ** Nippon Steel Corporation,*** Nittetsu Techno Research Co., Japan

XIV