VI. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Virulent Microorganism

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Microorganism eneters the nose( nasal passages)

Passes through the larynx, pharynx, trachea

Microorganism enters and affects both airway and lung parenchyma

Airway damage Lung invasion

Infiltration of bronchi flattening of epithelial cells

Infectious organism lodges macrophages and leukocytes

Stimulation in bronchioles necrosis of bronchial tissues mucus and phlegm production

Precipitating Factor

1. Exposure to chemical and bacterial agents.

2. Hospitalizations because of malaria.

Predisposing Factor

1. 50 years old2. Filipino3. history of

smoking, and drinking alcohol

4. nature of work

Alveolar collapse narrowing of air passage COUGHING

Productive/non-productive

Increase pyrogen in the body DIFFICULTY OF BREATHING

FEVER

I. Ecologic Model

A. Hypothesis In the case of the patient, he has Community Acquired Pneumonia. This is probably due to

the environment of the patient wherein he acquired a bacterial or viral infection which led to his disease. His lifestyle may have also contributed to the disease in which he was a previous smoker of 3-pack years.

B. Predisposing Factors

1. Host

- y o

- male

- Previous smoker and alcohol drinker

2. Agents

A. Biologic: Streptoccocus Pneumoniae infection

B. Chemical: Previous substance abuse smoking

3. Environmental

A. Physical: Possible contact with person with Pneumonia

B. Socio-Economic: Exposure with persons with Pneumonia either in workplace, community and home

C. Ecologic Model

Agentstreptococcus Pneumoniae

Host-Male

- Previous smoker and alcohol drinker

EnvironmentA. Physical: Possible contact with person with Pneumonia

B. Socio-Economic: Exposure with persons with Pneumonia either in workplace, community and home

.

A. AnalysisCommunity Acquired Pneumonia is an inflammatory process involving the respiratory

bronchioles, alveolar space and walls, and lobes, caused primarily by chemical irritants or by specific bacterial, viral, fungal, mycoplasmal, or parasitic organisms. (Medical Surgical Nursing by Hargrove-Huttel 4th ed. P.97 )

Living in an unhealthy palce predisposes the individual to develop certain diseases especially those within the respiratory system. (Brunner and Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical- Surgical Nursing 11th ed. P.643)

B. ConclusionWe conclude that Pneumonia can be prevented if we always clean the environment,

practicing proper hand washing; personal hygiene and use of personal protective equipments are the things that are very important. Personal discipline is a crucial factor. Pneumonia may lead to

other chronic respiratory diseases, early detection of this may prevent the progression and right interventions may be given.

F. Recommendations

As nurses, we are focused on promoting wellness. The client should focus controlling infections and secretions, relieving airway obstruction and preventing complications. This includes the prolonged use of antibiotics to prevent detrimental infections. While smoking has found to be one of the irritants, it should certainly be prevented to avoid other complications.