48 --- BRITANNIA RULES! AMERICA REBELS!"What do uie mean bij the Revo lu t ion? The uiar? That uias no part of the Revolu t ion: it uias ontq an effect and consequence of it.

The Revolution uias in the minds and hearts of the people, and this mas effected from 1760 to I77E>. in the course of f i f teen years.1492 before a drop of blood uias shed...."—John Adams 1763-M 2000

THE FRENCH AND INDIAN W A R C H A N 6 E D EVERYTHING.Unt i l 1763 Britain had paid little attention to her colonies, 3,000 miles distant. Taking advantage of

this sa lutary (benef ic ia l ) neglect, the colonists had exercised the l ibert ies of E n g l i s h m e n andbecome increasingly au tonomous (self-governing), while remaining proud, loyal British subjects.

1763 victorious Bri tain tightened control of her vast North Amer ican empire.almost doubled in size) in a series of actions that seemed fa i r to Britain, u n f a i r

to the colonists, and that led directly to the American Revolution.As nou read what happened, analyze the cause and effect relationships in the sequence of events,and then decide what you would have done I) as a colonial leader and 2) as a member of Parliament.

In 1760 George III (age zz)became king of 6reat Britain.

Although not a tyrant, he took hismother's advice to rule as well as reign

(unlike easy-going George I and 6eorgeH

Insecure, vain, headstrong, and eventually insane, George Iand his King's friends faction in Parliament mere ill-equipped to deal uiith

British-American problems following the French & Indian War.

PROBLEM #1: FRONTIER DEFENSE-How could England keep peace along the colonial fron-tier uiith Americans raring to cross it and settle Indian lands? In 1763 Chief Pontiac ledIndians in the Sreat takes area in a year-long uyar against such land-hungry colonists.

I. PROCLAMATION HUE Of 1763: ^ould bar uiestoard settlement onIndian lands and, in turn, protect the colonists from invading Indians;

L 10. OOP BRITISH TRUCK: mould protect this frontier line, uiiththe colonists to pay one-third of the $1,000.000 annual cost.

" U N F A I R ! Our or ig ina l charters i n c l u d e d ianduiest of that line. And we don' t want a

s tanding a rmu du r ing peace time!"

i KMT RECXOU THAT'LLKEEP US OUT, EH

DAWIELl

-=- Britannia Rules! America Rebels! -=-

PROBLEM #£• TAXES...and then one thing led to another!TH& COW DF BEAT1U6

THE FRWCH HAS DOUBLED

out NATIONAL DEBT/,'VMO'S GOING TO PAY

T-JIS B1LL1 1

ARE ALREAOY PWflVteHUGE TAXES; 20%.

LET'S MAHE THOSE- UkGRATEFUL COLOHlSTSPAY TUElR FAIR SHARE. WE FOUGHT T«&

WAR "R> H?EL THEW FROM THE FRE

MENACE, AHH TMEV SMLKS&LtP GOODS TOTHE FREHC-H TM6 WHOLE TIME/ AHP THEY

SMUGGLE TO AVOIP pAf J\JG uunes.THEW.P IT'S OMLY FAIR.

>4T HAS ALWAYSCOLOM!£S TO j) U W i t E D ITS TAXING OF

__. TAX_ES_—DM IfAPORT&P GOODS.IT HAS NEVER PASSED INTERNAL TAVES,THESE ARE LEFT TO THE COLONIAL ^

AS A BASIC UBEKTY/I OF EUGl

House of Commons memberEdmund Burke

BRITISH ACTION COLONIAL REACTION

I764-SIW ACTTaxed sugar and molasses—-,ct just to regulate trade(as before) but to produce

revenue for Britain.Smugglers uwuld be tried in

•viiraltq courts without juries.

1765-SUMP ftCT

Required revenue stampsfor ail publications and

official documents.

Englishman Isaac Barre tuarmHis felloui Parliamentarians,

"Americans are:ons of libertu and uuon't

surrender their rightswithout a fight."

He uias right!

•* SONS OF LIBEKTYThis organization of patriots

(colonists for independence)persuaded through intimidation.

VIRGINIA RESOLVEShi the Virginia Assembly Patrick

Henrt j helped mrite the Virgin iaResolves, denying Parliament 'sright to tax Virginia. He warned1

STAMP ACT CQN6RESS

.N -nieiR FIRST snow OF UNITI9 COLONIES SEUT PELE6ATES TOHEW YORK TO PROTEST. THEYALSO MMED TO BOYCOTT ALL

I76S-QUARTMI6 ACTRtnuird the colonists to

Barter (house and feed)British troops in America.

Y»rK.

i766-ReiK8lfxlbut

;assedfarliafflent could make iaujs

binding colonies"m ail cases ojhatsoever."

Happq ova- repeal, the colonists ignored the meaning of the Declaratory, Act.TW£»KR

=• AMERICA^) .̂ECSTATIC OVER RtceM-YJ"*^^COLOWlE

-=- BRITANNIA RULES! AMERICA REBELS! *

BRITISH ACTION

1767-TQWNSHENP ACTS1. Revenue duties on tea, glass,

lead, paper, paints2. Strict tustoms enforcement,

including Writs ofAssistance (non-specific

search warants)—Charles Townshend, Chancellorof the Exchequer (Treasury),

boasted he could raise revenuethrough duties, because

Americans accepted these

regulate trade as legal.

!766—BRITISH TROOPS(WOO) mere assigned toBoston to ensure orderly

customs collections.

1770-TOWNSHENP DUTIESrepealed—on a!! items

except tea

On March 5 (the same danas the Boston Massacre)

Lord Frederick North, the neujPrime Minister, recommended

this action because ofpressure from British

merchants who had suffereda 38 percent cut in exportsfrom the colonial boycott.

The tea dutu mas retained toshorn that Parliament and

King Seorge III mere still boss.

"Letters from a Farmer in'ennsujvania," bu, John Dickinson.i lawyer from Pennsylvania, arguedthat external taxes to regulatetrade mere illegal if used to raiserevenue. This influential pamphleturged repeal of the Townshend Acts.

AMERICAN REACTION

Sam Adams and fellow radicalsin the Massachusetts legislaturecirculated letters to all thecolonies, urging them to boncott(refuse to bun) British goods.

Colonists revived James Otis' 1761claim that Writs of Assistanceviolated their English rights tosanctity of the home: not tohave their homes searched mitr-out a warrant.

^ 1770: THE BOSTON MASSACREBostonians resented the British troops and often taunted them.

On March 5 a rou/dy gang of men and boys threw snowballs and rocksat a British soldier guarding the Boston customshouse across from the Statehouse.

Captain Thomas Preston and a feuj soldiers came to his aid. An unknown person shouted"Fire!—and the soldiers did, killing 5 colonists including Crispus Attucks. an African-American. Attucks, a former slave, ujas the first person to die for the nation's libertu,.

5'All I KHOVJ IS WE WERETHROWIUG &R1CKS WO SHOW-BALLS — THEM THOSE LOBSTER

BACKS BEGANSHOOT IH 6.

TuJO Boston Sons of Libertu, used the shoot-ing incident as propaganda to stir revolutionaryfervor: |) Sam Adams, by publicizing it as a massa-cre of innocent victims, and 2) Paul Revere.with his engraving of British soldiers firingon unarmed men and women, entitled "TheBloody Massacre." Prints were sent to all thecolonies.

Boston laujuer John Adams (Sam Adams' cousin;courageously defended Preston and his men in theirmurder trial, for he believed they fired in selfdefense. (John Adams later became the secondpresident of the U.S.) All mere acquitted except tu:mho mere convicted of manslaughter, branded on th-thumb, and released.