46268354 form 2 chap 03 biodiversity (1)
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Biodiversity
Important Concepts
3.1 Variety of Living Things and Their
ClassificationQuick Refresh
Smart Review
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Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
3.1 Understanding Organisms and Their
ClassificationLearning Outcomes :
By the end of this lesson, students should be able to : Explain the diversity of organisms in a habitat
Classify various animals based on common characteristics
Classify various plants based on common characteristics
Explain the importance of biodiversity to the environment
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Important Concepts
2
Biodiversity
made up of
Invertebrates
classified into
Non-floweringplants
Algae
Fungi
Moss
Fern
Floweringplants
Monocotyledon
Dicotyledon
classified into
Fish
Vertebrates
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
classified into
Animals Plants
made up of
Earthworm
Squid
Octopus
Beetle
examples
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Chapter
3.1
Variety of Living Things and Their
Classification
Animals
Invertebrates
Vertebrates
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Animals can be classified into two groups:
Animals without backbone
Make up the most number of animals on the Earth
Have great variety of shapes and sizes Some invertebrates have soft bodies with no bones at all. Examples of these
invertebrates are earthworms and octopus
Some invertebrates have coating on the outside of their bodies, also known as
exoskeletons. Examples of these invertebrates are beetle and lobster
Animals with backbone All vertebrates are either warm-blooded or cold-blooded
Warm-blooded vertebrates have fixed body temperature
Cold-blooded vertebrates have body temperature that changes to the
surrounding temperature
Can be divided into five main groups, which are fish, amphibians,
reptiles, birds and mammals
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Chapter
3.1Variety of Living Things and Their Classification
Class of vertebrate Fish
Characteristics
Characteristic of body
Type of blood
Breathing organType of fertilisation
Method of reproduction
Habitat
Examples of animals
Covered and protected by overlapping scales
Cold-blooded
Gills
External fertilisation
Lay eggs
Water
Sardine, goldfish, eel, clownfish
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Chapter
3.1Variety of Living Things and Their Classification
Class of vertebrate Amphibians
Characteristics
Characteristic of body
Type of blood
Breathing organ
Type of fertilisation
Method of reproduction
Habitat
Examples of animals
Covered by moist skin
Cold-blooded
Gills (tadpole stage) Skins and lungs (adult stage)
External fertilisation
Lay eggs (without shell)
Water and land
Frog, toad, salamander
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Chapter
3.1Variety of Living Things and Their Classification
Class of vertebrate
Characteristics
Characteristic of body
Type of blood
Breathing organType of fertilisation
Method of reproduction
Habitat
Examples of animals
Covered with dry scales
Cold-blooded
Lungs Internal fertilisation
Lay eggs (with shell)
Reptiles
Water and land
Crocodile, turtle, snake
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Chapter
3.1Variety of Living Things and Their Classification
Class of vertebrate Birds
Characteristics
Characteristic of body
Type of blood
Breathing organ
Type of fertilisation
Method of reproduction
Habitat
Examples of animals
Covered with feathers
Have beak
Have a pair of wings
Have a pair of legs covered with dry scales
Warm-blooded
Lungs
Internal fertilisation
Sparrow, swan, chicken, pigeon
Lay eggs (with shell)
Land
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Chapter
3.1Variety of Living Things and Their Classification
Class of vertebrate Mammals
Characteristics
Characteristic of body
Type of blood
Breathing organ
Type of fertilisation
Method of reproduction
Habitat
Examples of animals Lion, deer, elephant, whale
Covered with fur or hair
Have a pair of external ears
Have sweat gland
Have mammary gland (produce milk for the young)
Warm-blooded
Lungs
Internal fertilisation
Give birth to young
Land
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Invertebrate
With jointed legs Without jointed legs
3 Pairs of legse.g: ants,
bees,
Beetles,
butterflies
4
Pairs of legs
e.g : spiders,
Scorpions,
mites
More than
4 Pairs of legse.g:
millipedes,
Centipedes,
Crabs, prawn
Non-
segmentedBody
e.g : Snails,
Octopus,
Shellfish,
jellyfish
Segemented
Bodye.g :
Earthworms,
Flatworms,
leeches
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Characteristics Monocotyledon Dicotyledon
Chapter
3.1Variety of Living Things and Their Classification
Plant
Flowering plants
Leaf Leaves with parallelveins
Leaves with networkveins
Number of Cotyledon One Two
Type of stem Soft stem Woody stem
Type of root Fibrous roots system Tap roots system
Examples Maize plant Rambutan tree
Non-flowering plants
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Plants can be classified into two groups:
produce flower, fruit and seed. They reproduce by seeds
can be classified into monocotyledon and dicotyledon
do not produce flower, fruit and seed. They reproduce by spores or
binary fission
can be classified into algae, fungi, moss and fern
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Chapter
3.1Variety of Living Things and Their Classification
Non-flowering plant Algae
Characteristics
Type of stem, leaf and root
Chlorophyll
Nutrition
Reproduction
Habitat
Examples of plant
Do not have leaves, stem and root
Present
Makes its own food (carries out photosynthesis)
Binary fission
Water
Chlamydomonas, spirogyra, seaweed
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Ch t 3 Bi di it
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Chapter
3.1Variety of Living Things and Their Classification
Non-flowering plant Fungi
Characteristics
Type of stem, leaf and root
Chlorophyll
Nutrition
Reproduction
Habitat
Examples of plant
Do not have leaves, stem and root
Absent
Gets food from living or dead organisms
(live as parasite)
Produces spores (yeast reproduce by budding)
Damp places
Mold, yeast, mushroom
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Chapter
3.1Variety of Living Things and Their Classification
Non-flowering plant Moss
Characteristics
Type of stem, leaf and root
Chlorophyll
Nutrition
Reproduction
Habitat
Examples of plant
Have leaves and stem
Do not have root
Present
Make its own food (carries out photosynthesis)
Produces spores
Damp places
Moss
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Chapter
3.1Variety of Living Things and Their Classification
Non-flowering plant Fern
Characteristics
Type of stem, leaf and root
Chlorophyll
Nutrition
Reproduction
Habitat
Examples of plant
Have leaves, stem and root
Present
Makes its own food (carries out photosynthesis)
Produce spores
Damp places
Ferns
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Living organisms can be classified into animals and plants
Habitat is the place that living organisms lives, seeks food and reproduce
Animals are divided into two group, which is vertebrate and invertebrate
Most of the animals on earth are invertebrates
Vertebrates is the animals with backbones. These includes fish,amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals
Invertebrates is the animals without backbones
Plants are divided into two groups, which are flowering plants and
non-flowering plants Flowering plants can be classified into monocotyledon and dicotyledon
Non-flowering plants can be classified into algae, fungi, moss and fern
Q.R.
3.1 Quick Refresh
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Smart Review
A living thing also known as an organism
Living organisms exist in various shapes, sizes and habitats
Variations is the differences that exist between the same species ofliving organism
Some mammals have unusual characteristics than other mammals,such as(a) Whales and dolphins (live in water like fish)(b) Bats (have wings and fly like birds)(c) Anteaters (body covered with dry scales like reptiles, lay eggs)
Insects constitutes the largest number among animals
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