4410_6_reser_is code on river valley projects

8/12/2019 4410_6_Reser_IS Code on River Valley Projects

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timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

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SENIOR DEPUTY CHIEF ENGINEER( IRRIQAT~ON) ( Alternate )CHIEF ENOINEER ( TDD ) Irrigation Works, GovernmentChandigarh of Punjab,DIRECTOR SPK ( TDO ) ( Alternate )I rrigation and Water Works Department Govern-ment of West Bengal. CalcuttaSHRI S. M. DEBDIRECTOR Irrigation Departmen;, Government of Maha-rashtra, BombayDIRECTOR, CDO Irrigation Department, Government of MadhyaPradesh, BhopalDIRECTOR ( Allenrate )DIRECTOR ( HYDROLOGY-I )DEPUTY DIRECTOR( HYDAOLO~Y-I ) ( Alternate )SHRI N. K . DWIVEDI

Central Water Commission, New Delhi

Irrigation Department, Government of UttarPradesh, LucknowJ OINT COMHIBSIONERSERI K. V. KRISHNAMURTHYSHRI P. N. KUMRA Alternate )MZ~BER ( IRRITATION )SHRI J . K. BHALLA ( Alter e )

Ministry of AgricultureHydro-Consult International Pvt Ltd, New DelhiBhakra Beas Management Board, Chandigarh

Cont i nued on page 2

IS : 4410 ( Part 6 ) - 1983

I ndi an St andardGLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO

RIVER VALLEY PROJ ECTSPART 6 RESERVOIRSFirst Revision

Terminology Relating to River Valley Projects SectionalCommittee BDC 46

ChairmanRI K. K . FRA~J I

M embersSHRI P. ANANTHARAX

RefiresentingConsulting Engineering Services ( India ) PrivateLimited, New Delhi

MAJ G. S. B~J AJ ( Aflernate ) Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, Army HeadquartersCHIEF ENQXNEER IRRIQATION ) Public Works Department, Government of TamilNadu

0 Copyright 1984BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act XIV of 1957 ) andreproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of thepublisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.


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IS:441O Part6)-1963( Continued from page 1 )

M embersPROOF . NATARAJ AN

RI G. s. OBEItOISHRI K. N. SAXENA ( Allernars )SHRI G. PANTSHRI R. P. SINGH Al ternate )SHRI DAMODAR SAHU

Dn P. P. SEHCJ ALSHRI G. RAMAN,Director ( Civ Engg )

Repesent i agIndian Institute of Technology, New DelhiSurvey of India, Dehra DunGeological Survey of India, CalcuttaIrrigation and Power Department, Governmentof OrissaUniversity of Roorkeq, RoorkeeDirector General, BIS ( Ex-o cio M ember )

SHRI S. K . CEAUDEURIDeputy Director ( Civ Engg ), BI S

Panel for Glossary of Terms Relating to River Valley Projects :Reservoirs, BDC 46 : P16Convener

SHRI K. K. DHRUVE Irrigation Department, Government of MadhyaPradesh, BhopalM embers

SHRI S M. DEB Irrigation 8s Waterways Department, Governmentof West Bengal, CalcuttaSHRI P.A. KAPOOR Bhakra Beas Management Board, ChandigarhSHRI S. K. GAXQ ( Alfemute )


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IS : 4410 Part 6 ) - 1983I ndian St andard

GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TORIVER VALLEY PROJ ECTS

PART 0 RESERVOIRSFi rst Rev i si on

0. FOREWORD0.1 This Indian Standard (First Revision ) was adopted by the IndianStandards Institution on 30 November 1983, after the draft finalized bythe Terminology Relating to River Valley Projects Sectional Committeehad been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.0.2 A number of Indian Standards have already been published coveringvarious aspects of River Valley Projects and a large number of similarstandards are in the process of formulation. These standards includetechnical terms and precise definitions of terms which are required to avoidambiguity in their interpretation. To achieve this end, the SectionalCommittee on Termiuology Relating to River Valley Projects is bringingout Glossary of terms relating to River Valley Projects which is beingpublished in parts. This ( Part VI ) contains definitions of terms relating toreservoirs and to its various components.0.3 This standard was first published in 1968. The revision of the stan-dard has been taken up in the light of the experience gained during thelast few years in the use of this standard. Some terms have been modified.0.4 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given tointernational co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailingin different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the fieldin this country. This has been met by deriving assistance from thefollowing publications:

UNITED NATIONS. ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR ASIAAND THE FAR EAST. Glossary of hydrologic terms used inAsia and Far East. 1956. BangkokINDIA. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON IRRIGATIONAND DRAINA& . Multilingual technical dictionary inirr@a&3n an& drainage. I967.

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IS : 4410 ( Part 6 ) - 1983INDIA. CENTRAL BOARD OF IRRIGATION AND POWER.Glossary of irrigation and hydro-electric terms and standardnotations used in India. 1954. Manager of Publications,Delhi.Nomenclature for hydraulics. 1962, American Society of CivilEngineers, New York.

0.4.1 All the definitions taken from cMultilingual technical dictionaryon irrigation and drainage are acknowledged by asterisk ( * ) in thestandard.1. SCOPE1.1 This standard ( Part 6 ) contains definitions of terms relating to thevarious types of reservoirs, storage and sedimentation in reservoirs andevaporation losses from reservoirs, but does not contain definitions of termsrelating to sub-surface or ground water reservoirs.2. RESERVOIRS2.1 A pond, lake, basin or other space, either natural in its origin orcreated in whole or in part by building of engineering structures, whichissued for storage, regulation and control of water. Small reservoirs arealso called tanks.3. TYPES OF RESERVOIRS3.1 Auxiliary or Compensatdry Reservoir - A reservoir whichsupplements and absorbs the spill of a main reservoir.3.2 Balancing Reservoir - A reservoir down stream of ( or subsidiaryto ) the main reservoir for hoIding water let down from the main reservoirin excess of that required for irrigation, power generation or otherpurposes.3.3 Conservation Reservoir/Conservation Storage Capacity - Areservoir impounding water for useful purposes, such as irrigation, powergeneration, recreation, domestic, industrial and municipal supply, etc.3.4 Detention Reservoir - A reservoir wherein water is stored For arelatively brief period of time, part of it being retained until the streamcan safely carry the ordinary flow plus the released water. Such reservoirsusually have outlets without control gates and are used for flood regulation;also called Flood Control Reservoir or Retarding Reservoir .3.5 Distribution Reservoir - A reservoir connected with distributionsystem of a water supply project, used primarily to care for fluctuations indemand which occur over short periods and also as local storage in case ofemergency. ( Such as a break in a main supply line failure of pumpingplant. )

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1S :4410 Part 6 - 19=3.6 Flood Control Reservoir Sce3.4.3.7 Grit Reservoir A reservoir used for st ora ge of turbid w a ter for t hepu rpose. of sed imen t a t ion , a im ca lled Set t ling Reservoir or


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ISr4410(Part6)-19834.3 Bank Storage - Water absorbed and stored in the bed and banks ofa stream, lake or reservoir, and returned in whole or in part as the level ofthe surface of the water body falls.4.4 Capacity/Storage Capacity - Space available in a reservoir betweenspecified levels whether actually occupied by water or empty.4.5 Carry-over Storage* - Storage collected during surplus years formaking up deficiencies in dry or lean year. It is the minimum storageduring the year over and above the inactive storage capacity usable forthe relevant purpose. Also called Over-Year Storage .4.6 Coefficient of Storage - A coefficient to express the relation oflive storage capacity in a reservoir, to the mean annual inflow in thereservoir; also called Reservoir Factor . When expressed as percentageit is also termed, Tank Percentage .4.7 Conservation Storage Capacity

1) Water impounded for release purposes, such as domestic andindustrial supply, power generation and irrigation.2) Capacity between the highest of the various minimum draw downlevel and the top of conservation pool.

4.8 Controlled Storage Capacity -- Reservoir storage capacity subjectto control by operation of gates or other control devices is the capacityavailable between dead storage level and highest controlled water level.4.9 Dead Storage - Storage of a reservoir not susceptible to release bythe in-built outlet means.4.10 Effective Capacity/Effective Storage Capacity - See 4.1.4.11 Elevation Area Capacity Curve - The graphs of area of waterspread and the storage volume of reservoir each as function of assumedhorizontal water surface with the water spread at specified reference time( see Fig. 1 ).4.12 Flood Control Storage Capacity/Exclusive Flood ControlStorage Capacity - Capacity reserved for storage of water during floodsto be released later. This represents the capacity between top of conser-vation pool and to the highest controlled level. Also called EffectiveFlood Control Storage .4.13 Flowage Line - A reservoir contour corresponding to a definitewater level ( maximum, mean, low, spillway, crest, etc ) generally used inconnection with acquisition of rights to flood land for storage purposes.

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IS : 4410 ( Part 6 ) - 1983

CAPACI TY I N 10brn380 70 60 50 LO 30 20 10 0

180tE 175zg 170F3y 165W

1600 5 10 15AREA I N 106rn2

FIG. 1 AREA CAPACITY CURVE4.14 Full Reservoir Level ( F. R. L. )/Static Full Pool Level/StaticFull Reservoir Level/Permanent Water Level or Full SupplyLevel - The highest reservoir level that can be maintained without spill-way discharge or without passing water downstream through sluice-ways.It does not include any depth of surcharge.4.15 Highest Controlled Water Level - The highest reservoir levelup to which the outflow from the reservoir is planned to be controlled byoperation of gates and outlets. For reservoir not having includedsurcharge operation, this corresponds to Full Reservoir Level .4.16 Highest Flood Level - See 4.23.4.17 Inactive Capacity - Storage capacity, exclusive of dead storage,below which evacuation is not contemplated because of minimum irrigationand power load requirements or of operating agreements not to draw thereservoir below a given capacity or elevation for the relevant purposes.4.18 Induced Surcharge Capacity - Capacity which is assigned toflood control purpose certain period of the year and to conservation pur-poses during other period of the year that is capacity available between thehighest controlled water level and full reservoir level.4.19 J oint Use Capacity ( Flood Control and Conservation ) -Capacity between the lowest of the seasonally fluctuating maximum rulecurve level and the top of conservation pool level.


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IS : 4410 ( Part 6 ) - 19834.20 Live Capacity / Live Storage, Capacity - Capacity availablebetween dead storage level and full reservoir level.4.21 Live Storage - Volume of water actually available at any timebetween dead storage level and the lower of actual water level and fullreservoir level.4.22 Maximum Rule Curve Level -- The level up to which the storageaccumulation for conservational purposes is allowed. This level canfluctuate seasonally and the highest of these seasonal levels will correspondto the top of conservation pool.4.23 Maximum Water LeSel ( M. W. L. ) - The maximum water levellikely to be attained in the reservoir at the dam face while negotiating theadopted design flood. ( It also depends on the specified initial reservoirlevel and the spillway regulation rule. )Level Highest Floor Level . Also called Highest Reservoir

4.24 Maximum Water Surface Elevation - The level attained at anyspecified location in a reservoir while negotiating the adopted designflood. At the dam face this corresponds to maximum water level( see 4.23 ).4.25 Minimum Draw Down Level ( M. D. D. L. ) - It is the lowestlevel at which the full release towards meeting the specified purpose isphysically possible and allowable under operating instructions.4.26 New Zero Elevation/Zero Elevation - The level un to which allthe available capacity of the reservoir was or is expected to be lostprogressive sedimentation of the reservoir, up to.the specified time.4.27 Over Year Storage - See 4.6.4.28 Reservoir Factor -- See 4.7.

due to

4.29 Reservoir Rim - The boundary line corresponding to maximumwater surface elevation.4.30 Silt Storage - Storage designed for accumulation of silt in areservoir both below and above dead storage level.4.31 Storage - Volume of water available in the reservoir at anyspecified time and between specified levels.4.32 Storage Cycle* - A period at the beginning and end of which thereservoir contents are the same. The period may vary from a few hoursto years depending upon inflow and outflpw rates.

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I : 4410 ( Part 6 ) - 19834.33 Storage Equation - An axiom that the volume of inflow equals thevolume of outflow plus or minus the change in storage.4.34 Submerged Area - The area that gets under submergence with theformation of the reservoir corresponding to specified reservoir condition.4.35 Surcharge Storage - Storage capacity between maximum opera-ting level of a reservoir ( or full reservoir level ) and maximum waterlevel.4.36 Top of Conservation Pool Level - The highest water level per-missible for storing water for conservation use, such as municipal supply,irrigation and power generation, but excluding flood control.4.37 Total Storage Capacity/Gross Storage Capacity - Capacitybelow full reservoir level. It would correspond to the sum of Dead Stora-ge Capacity and Live Capacity. It would also correspond to the sum ofDead Storage Capacity. Inactive Capacity and Active Storage Capacity.4.33 Uncontrolled Storage - Reservoir storage not controlled by gatesor other devices. Storage at any time above the Highest ControlledWater Level.4.39 Usable Storage Capacity - See4.1.4.40 Useful Capacity - See4.1.4.41 Useful Storage Capacity - See4.1.5. TERMS RELATING TO SEDIMENTATION IN RESERVOIR5.1 Density Currents - The gravity flow of a fluid through, under orover another similar fluid of different density. Also called, StratifiedFlow or Density Flow .5.2 Density Flow - See5.1.5.3 Bottom Set Beds - These are formed of the finer particles usuallyof silt and clay carried by the stream water in suspension.settle very slowly in the entire bottom of the reservoir. The particles

5.3.1 Foreset Beds These are formed of the coarse sediment carriedby the stream usually travelling on or near the stream bottom and deposit-ed where the current is retarded as it flows out into the reservoir and areinclined downward in the+ direction of flow, the inclination increasing withcoarseness of the sediment ( see Fig. 2 ).9


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IS : 4410 ( Part 6 ) - 1963

TOP -SET BEDS RESERVOIR WATER

AM

DENSITV CURRENT BEDS

FIG. 2 LONQITUDINALCROSS SECTION OF A RESERVOIR,SHOWINGVARIOUS TYPES OF DEPOSITS5.3.2 Topset Beds These are usually composed of coarse sediments and

re sloping at a low gradient from the edge of the foreset bed with a slightlyincreasing steepness upstream and extend as far as the back water curveextends upstream of the reservoir ( see Fig, 2 ).5.4 Inflow Density Currents - The density currents which flowthrough turbid media of varying density of similar fluid.5.5 Inflow Turbidity Currents - Turbidity currents flowing betweenthe lighter water and heavier water, for example, water in a reservoir atthe surface is warmer and lighter and at bottom it is colder and heavier.This difference in densities of water will induce interflow turbidity currentsin the reach where the interflowing water has a greater density overlyingtop water.5.6 Overflow Bensity Currentsanother fluid. * - Density currents which overflow

5.7 Overflow Turbidity Currents* - Turbidity currents formed by theinflowing turbid water having lesser density than the water in the reservoir.The case occurs when the turbid water of the river enters the salt water( heavier ) of the ocean. These currents can also occur with the waterstreams discharging into comparatively cold lakes.5.8 Turbidity Currents* - A class of density currents associated with thesuspension of sediment in the flowing water and usually involving thedeposition of sediment in reservoirs.5.9 Underflow Density Currents*another fluid. - The density currents flowing am.h


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IS : 4410 ( Part 6 ) - 19835.10 Underflowing Turbidity Currents* - The common type ofdensity currents, which move down the bottom of a reservoir, lake or deepchannel due to greater density of the turbid water resulting from theinclusion of suspended sediment.5.11 Underflow Turbidity Currents5.11.1 Underfl ow Turbidi t y Current s, Pl ungi ng Type* -- The turbid waterflowing into a reservoir plunging directly under the clear water in thelake. The formation of this type i s indicated by the collection of flowingdrift on the surface and the sharpline of separation of the muddy and theclear water see Fig. 3 ).

UOOY WATER

RESERVOIR BE

Fro. 3 UNDERFLOWTURBIJXTY CURRENTS,PLUNGINSTYPE5.ll.2 Undezflow Turbidity Currents, Settling Typ - The flowing muddywater not diving under the clear water, but pushing it downstream andforms a considerable body of muddy water in which the sediment slowlysettles to the bottom, which later on flows down into the reservoir as inthe form of underflow turbidity currents. The existence of these currents

is indirectly inferred from the deep deposit of fine materials in the streambed near the upper ends of some large reservoirs see Fig. 4 ) .

ILT OEPOSITIONRESERVOIR BED

FIG. 4 UNDERFLOWCURRENTS,SETTLINGTYPE TURBIDITY11


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IS : 4410 ( Part 6 ) - 19836. TERMS RELATING TO EVAPORATION FROM RESERVOIRAND ITS CONTROL6.1 Broadcast Method* - Spreading of dry powder of retardant on thewater surface through dusting machine like grinder-spreader mounted on aboat which travels over the water surface, the powder spontaneously*formsa protecting film; also called Dusting Method .6.2 Dispenser - The equipment used for spraying protective films toretard evaporation.6.3 Dispensing Method* - A method of registering retardants to thewater surface by first dissolving or emulsifying them in.a volatile solventwhich evaporates leaving the film of retardants behind on the watersurface.6.4 Dosage* - The quantity of the retardant substance required to forma monolayer on a unit of water surface in the first instance, or forsubsequent regular replenishment of the film formed.6.5 Dusting Method - See 6.1.6.6 Eyaporation

1) The process by which the water is changed from the liquid stateto a gaseous state below the boiling point through the transfer ofheat energy.2) The quantity of water that is evaporated; the rate is expressed indepth of water, measured as liquid water, removed from a speci-fied surface per unit of time generally in millimetre per day, monthor year.

6.7 Evaporation Pan - An experimental tank used to determine theamount of evaporation from the surface of water.6.8 Evaporation Rate - Quantity of water which is evaporated from agiven water surface per unit of time.6.9 Evaporation Retardants - Methods or measures of evaporationreduction from water surface, such as wind breaks, shading and protectivefilms; also called Evaporation Retarders or Evaporation Suppressor .6.10 Evaporation Retarders - See 6.9.6.11 Evaporation Suppressors - See 6.9.6.12 Feasible Service Time - For a specified purpose, the period ornotional period for which the reservoir provided, or is/was expected toprovide, a planned benefit to some extent of the reservoir being impaired

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IS : 4410 ( Part 6 ) - 1983by sedimentation. Customarily, it is estimated as the time after which the New Zero Elevation of the reservoir would equal the silt of the outletrelevant for the purpose.6.13 Film Generation - The spreading of retardant chemical to form amonolayer on the water surface.6.14 Film Generator* .- A component of the dispenser containing theretardant and releasing it on the water surface for film generation.6.15 Fixed Dispenser* -A dispensing equipment in which the retardantcontainers are located on the periphery of the water spread, which dispensethe retardant through tubing, laid submerged in the reservoir and operatedthrough hand contact valve and fitted with or without automatic windcontrolled stopcocks; also called Shore Line Dispensing Unit or LandBased Dispenser .6.16 Floating Dispenser* - Dispenser mounted on a boat or launchwhich moves through the water surface for dispensing the retardants.6.17 Full Service Time - For a specified purpose, the period or notionalperiod for which the reservoir provided or is/was expected to provide, thefull planned benefit unaffected by the reason of sedimentation.6.18 Land Based Dispenser - See 6.15.6.19 Potential Evaporation - Quantity of water vapour which could beemitted by a surface of pure water, per unit surface area and unit time, inthe existing condition.6.20 Shore Line Dispensing Unit - See6.15.6.21 Surface Evaporation - Evaporation from the surface of water/snowor ice.6.22 Suspension Process * - A patented method of application to watersurface, in any manner of Cr, - Cl4 fatty alcohols of specified particle sizesin aqueous suspension or emulsion.6.23 Wind Breaks -- A barrier composed of planted trees, on the shoresof reservoir designed to break the velocity of the wind over their watersurface in order to reduce evaporation.

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INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS SI UNITS)Base Units

QuantityLengthMassTimeElectric currentThermodynamictemperatureLuminous intensityAmount of substanceSupplementary Units

QuantifyPlane angleSolid angleDerived Units

QuantityForceEnergyPowerFluxFlux densityFrequencyElectric conductanceElectromotive forcePressure, stress

Unitmetrekilogramsecondamperekelvincandelamole

Unitradiansteradian

UnitnewtonjoulewattweberteslahertzsiemensvoltPascal

Symbolmkg:Kcdmol

Symbol

radsr

SymbolNJ

WWb

THZSV

Pa

DefinitionN = 1 kg.m/s*

1 J = 1 N.m1 W==lJ/s1 Wb = 1 V.s1 T = 1 Wb/ms1 Hz = 1 c/s (s-1)1 S = 1 A/V1 v = 1 W/A1 Pa P 1 N/ms


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4410_6_reser_is code on river valley projects

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