THE MEDIA

A The press

Complete the text with words from the list.

articles biased/'ba¡ost/ censorship/'sense.fiip/ fakefront page headlines interview intrudes inmake up objective /ab'Sektrv/ 'paparazzi'seriouspress astory tabloidpress

B TV and rad¡o

Complete the text with words from the list.

advertise audiencefigures broadcast/'brc:dko:st/cable and satellite channels commercials listenersstandard of programmes stations viewers /'vjulez/

The arrival of l TV has meant a hugeincrease in the number of TV 2 which

can watch.TV channels compete to have the highest

(the number of people watching a

programme). Private TV channels get their incomefrom companies who pay to show l(or adverts) between and during programmes to

their products. While the variety ofchannels has gone up in recent years, the general7 (quality) being shown hasdefinitely gone down.Radio 8 can also choose between

ln Britain there are two kinds of newspapers (orpapers), the l (newspapers whichfocus mainlyon sensational news stories, e.g. the Sz;n, theDaily Express) and the l (newspaperswhich focus on issues of general importance, e.g. TheTintes, the Independent). The tabloid press generallv usesbigger, more dramatic l (especially onthe a

) and shorter IA good newspaper should be ! (basedonly on facts and not influenced by personal feelings orpolitics). Unfortunatelythis is not usuallythe case, andeditors and journalists are often 7

(unfairly influenced) in favour of a particular politicalparty. Sometimes governments prevent a newspaperfrom publishing a story. This is called

Recently there has been a lot ofcontroversy about theway the press l the private lives offamous people to get 10

; the so-calledll photographers wait outside theirhouse for hours to try and r: theperson, they take photos without the person'sknowledge orpermission (using telephoto lenses), andpay people for information. If they cannot find any realinformation they simply 13 storiesabout them which are not true. Nowadays they can evenl4

many different I , manyof whichl0 24 hours a day.

Give examples of these TV programmes in your country.

documentaries /dokju:'mentrrz/ game shows chat showssoapoperas dramas/'dro:lnazl comedies/,komedtr]realify shows the news thb weather forecastsportsprogrammes cartoons phone_ins

re-touching them.photographs, for example by

EThe news: gathering and delivering Exercises

54. I Match the tlvo parts of the collocations used in the text in A opposite.

flroupsconferencebitcseasonrakingsourcesa statementyour vielvs

Gia Gathering the news

lo..rRrun-rsts gather news in a number ofJd¡fferent ways. They may get stories from

, pressure groupsr which want to air their, views2 in public, They seek publicity3 forI their opinions and may hold press. conferencesa or may issue a statement ,/

press releases. A person who especiallywishes to attract news attention will try to

: include a sound bite6 in what they say.r lt is particularly hard for journalists to get

I people trying to influence what othcrpeoplc think about a p:rrticular issue

2 express their opinionsI u.ant to rcach ¿r wider ¿rudiencca meetings to givc informati()n to ¿rnd

answer questions from the presss give ir fornral announcenlent to the press6 short memorable sentence or phrirse tlrat

will be repeatccl in news l¡ullctins ancl

articlcs

Delivering the news

A rag is an in[orrnlrl woltl lor lr

¡l-\ ne*rp"pcr and it ruggcst\ th¡r ir i:I \not oi vcry high qrrrlity. Thc gutterpress is a disapproving tcnn used about the

kind of newspapers and magazines that are

more interested in crime and sex than serious

news. A glossy is an experrsile rnagazine

printed on good quality paper.

Joumalists produce copy, which l.ras to be

ready for a deadline. When everything isready the newspaper goes to press. A very

important story that comes in aftcr going topress may fincl its way into a stop press

column. A very new newspaper or story can

be said to be hot offthe press.

A story thert is only to be found in one

materral in the silly seasonT.Journafists also get stories by tapping

useful sourcess and by monitoringeinternat¡onal news agencies like Reuters.The more important a story is, the morecolumn inchesr0 it will be given in thenewspaper. Journalists of different politicalpersuasions often put their own gloss,/spinon a storylr and some journalists gatherstories by muck-raking' 2.

7 tir¡e of year, summer in the LlK, wher.r

there is not much happening and trivialstorics end up on the front p¿rge

8 m,tkrrtg rrse of people or orgrrnisltirtnsrvhich rcgularly providc news

e rcgularly checkinglo spaceI prcscnt a story in a plrticulrrr wiryl2 collecting scandal (inforrrrrrl rrncl

disapproving)

newspape¡ is an exclusive. A scoop is a story

cliscoverecl ancl published by onc newspaper

beforc all the others. A malor story can be

said to hit the headlines on the day it is

published. At that time thc story breaks orbecomes public knorvledgc. lf it is an

important story it rvill receive a lot ofcoverage or space in the press. A newspaper

rnay be taken to court for libel or defamationof character if it publishcs an untrue storythat harms a person's reputation. If you are

doing research into a news event, you naywant to get hold of some previous issues ofnewspapers, or back copies, and you may

wish to rnakc a fblder of cuttings from the

papers ahout thc evenl. I

1 air2 issue

3 muck4 press

-5 pressure6 silly/ sóund8 tap

G;'

54.2 Fill the gaps with words from B.

I started my career as a journalist wor:king as :r reporter on the local (1)

in my home town. The first thing I had to do was to take <>ver the role of agony aunt'This was quite difficult for an eighteen-year-old boy straight out of school! Still, Irnanaged to produce enough ................. (2) ancl in timc for my first

i i.i, ."i..*.1" ;;i';f I xmi* lll,Tli'li:1"?::"ó ;ti ;;*;; ;; ;;;i :lli: iiii;"a dozen copies ..................... (5) off the press for all the niembers of rny farrily!I still have a copy of that first article of mine in a folder where I keep ................. .. (6)

of ¿rll the r,vork that I arn cspecially proucl of.

54.3 Answer these questions about the language in the text in B.

I Vould you rvrite to a chief editor asking for a job on 'his rag'? \J7hy / Vhy not?2 \What do you think abortt nervspapers if you refcr to them as the gutter press?

3 \7hat is it very important for journ:rlists rtot to ruiss?

4 Can you give an cxample of a famous fashion glossy?

5 $ühat trvo worcls might describe the kiud of story that a journalist dreams of getting?6 !lhat tr,vo expressions refer to the morncnt of public:rtion <>f a big story?

7 \X¡hich two crimes are mentioned rn the text and what do they consist of?

8 Vhat might a film star keep in her scrapbook of press cuttings?

54,4 Rewrite rhese sentcnccs so that thcy mean the same thing, using the rvord in brackets.

1 Every newspaper inevitably gives its own particr,rlar view of events. (sltn-)

2 I have to find some articles from some previous editions of Tbe Times. (vtc:r¡3 Read all about tl're royal divorcel Only just published. (H<l-t')

4 The floods took up rrrore space rn the papers than any other story this rveek. (cot.trvtN)

5 Politicians are ahvays reacly and rvilling to give their opiniorrs to the press. (ltn)6 Thc story about the scandal surrounding her uncle b¡okc on hcr wcdding day. (utr)7 Any nervspaper does all it can to prevent being sued fo¡ libel. (cllARACll'ER)

8 Muck-raking is a characteristic activity of an inferior kind of nervspaper. (rnlss)

Here are the websites for two of the main British national quality papers. Use their search

facilities to find articles on any subject that is of particular interest to you.

The limes w.thetimes.co.uk The Guordion m.suardianunlimited.co.uk

Story. MagnetismBy F. Scott Fitzgerald, retold by Margaret Tarner

Thu wide street was very pleasant. Its fine bigI houses were smart and modern. Everything

looked clean and bright in the California sunshine.A young Mexican maid was slowly sweeping

the steps of the biggest house on the street. Doloresworked for Mr and Mrs Hannaford. She had a good

iob'Mr Hannaford's driver was waiting in the car

outside. Dolores looked back into the house. MrHannaford would be coming out soon. At thatmoment, he appeared at the front door and smiledat Dolores.

Ceorge Hannaford was a movie-star. He wasyoung and very handsome. His smile confusedDolores so much, that she fell down a step.

'i hope you haven't hurt yourself,' CeorgeHannaford said in a worried voice. He put out hishand to help her, but the young girl had alreadystood up.

'Are you sute you're all right?''Oh, sute.''I'm terribly sorry.''Oh, you didn't do anything, it wasn't your

fault.'Ceorge Hannaford walked quickly down the

steps and got into his car. Dolores gazed after him.For a moment, she thought about having a loveaffair with him. Then she sighed and got on withher work.

Ceorge Hannaford went first to Jules Rennard'shouse. The two men were good friends. They wereboth gentle, simple men. In the crazy world ofHolly'wood, they both knew that good friends wereimportant.

'I want to go fishing,' George said. 'When willyou be able to go? I'm taking the boat to LowerCalifornia.'

jules was delighted with the idea. He wantedto go away very much because he had just beendivorced. He wanted to get away from women fora time.

'How's your baby?'Jules asked.'Fine.''And Kay?''Kay's not happy. She's jealous.''Jealous?']ules repeated. 'Who's she jealous of?''Helen Avery. But Kay's got nothing to worry

about. I'm not in love with Helen Avery.'I must go. I'm late. Let me know when you can

come fishing.'

George drove on into the hills behind the city. Hisdriver stopped at the gates of the film studios andGeorge got out of the car. He walked on until hecame to a door marked'Schroeder'.

'Is anyone with Mr Schroeder?'George asked as

he walked into the office.'No, Mr Hannaford,' said a secretary. 'He's in his

room, on the phone.'George's eyes turned to a young lady working at

a desk.'Hello, Margaret. How are you?'George said.Miss Margaret Donovan, a script-girl, had been

his friend for many years.'Hello, George. These are the changes to the script

that we decided on, on Thursday night. I need yoursignature. Can you sign the changes?'

'Very wel1, darling.'George looked admiringly at Margaret Donovan's

delicate, beautiful face. Why had she never goneinto the movies? he wondered.

As Ceorge finished signing the papers, Pete

Schroeder opened his door.'George, come inside!'he said excitedly. 'There's

someone on the phone. I want you to listen to whatthey have to say.'

Hannaford followed Pete into his office.'Pick up the phone and say "helIo",' Pete said.

'Don't say who you are.''Hello,'George said, into the phone.'Who is this?'asked a girl's voice.'Who do you want to speak to?'George asked.'To Ceorge Hannaford,'the girl said. 'Is this him?''Yes.''Oh, Ceorge, it's me - Cwen. It's been difficult

finding you.''Cwen who?'Ceorge asked quickly.'Gwen, from San Francisco ... last Thursday

night.''I'm sotry, there must be some mistake. I don't

know you.''There's no mistake if you're George Hannaford,'

the voice said sharply. 'This is Cwen Becker.You spent last Thursday evening with me in SanFrancisco. You know who I am!'

Schroeder took the phone from George's handand hungup.

'Somebody in San Francisco has been saying he'sme,' George said. 'These girls never beiieve they'vebeen tricked. What's happening, Pete?'

'Let's go over to the set and see.'

72 Magnetism

As George ande\¡eryone turned toso hanclsome. Andhe had!

Pete r,r'alked along, \\Itrp¡ o, Ceorge. He rv¿sn'hat a charming smiie \

f\\\\\\\\i\\\\\ñ\.$SSNNñ\\

On the set, a pretty girl was talking tosomebody in a 1or,r,, angry \¡oice. Her namer,r'as Helen Avery ancl she r,vas eighteen.

Ceorge Hannaford had been thinkingabout Helen Avery for two weeks. He hadmade sure that she was in a film with him.They r,r.'ere together a1l day and every day.And now his wife, Kav r,vas jealous.

So George had decided he wouid forgetabout Helen Avery. He did not want toend his successful marriage. He decided toturn off the magnetism that attracted every\\¡oman to him.

George and Helen ivere on the set allafternoon. When the filming was over, theyrvere alone for a moment.

They stared at each other. Helen's facewas young and frightened. But George haddecided what he was going to do.

'Helen,'he said in a quiet voice,'I'm verysorry. I love my wife. You and I have to lvorktogether. But we can't have an affair.'

The girl suddenly began to cry.'Have you got a handkerchief?'she said.George gave her his handkerchief. He

stood with her for a time and then turnedaway and ieft.

As he was driven home, George wonderedwhen Jules would be abie to go fishing.

George was surprised when Kay greetedhim coldly when he returned.

'What's the matter?' he asked. 'Are voustill cross with me?'

'Did you forget that we've been invited outtonight - to Katherine Davis's party? I didn't knowwhether you wanted to go. I asked Arthur Busch totake me.'

'I'd like to go,' Ceorge said quieily. They ate theirdinner in silence. Kay's anger made George feelangry with himself. He stood up. He rvas about toput his arms around Kay, when the door opened.Dolores, the maid, said that Mr Arthur Busch hadarrir.ed.

Busch was an ugly little man, but everyone likedhim. He was a successful morrie director and hadbeen in love with Kay for many years.

They all went to the party together. Most of theguests were movie-stars. Some of them were veryfamous. All of them were pleased to see George andKay. Sorne of the youngest stars had been invitedtoo and George guessed that Helen Avery would bethere. Then he saw her and their eyes met. He wasqttite sure now that he didn't love her.

t.N',

He decitletJ to turn ofJ the nngnetism tlnt sttroctederery wontLltt to hitn.

Helen was very exciied. She had just heard thatshe had got an important part in a movie. Shehurried across the room to tell George the news.

'That's wonderful,'George said. 'I'm so glad.'Helen laughed.'Oh, we're both such good actors, you and I,

Ceorge,' she said coldly. 'There should have been a

camera to film our scene this afternoonl'Ceorge smiled and said nothing else. Soon they

were in the middle of a crowd of people.Time passed pieasantly. When George thought it

was time to go home, he went to get Kay. She hadbeen sitting with Arthur Busch all evening.

Kay had had several drinks and she did notwant to leave. After a brief argument with her,Ceorge went upstairs to get his coat. V\4ren he camedor,r'nstairs, he h'as told that Kay had already goneout to the car.

George saw Kay and Arthur Busch standingunder a street lamp. They were holding hands andgazing into each other's eyes. George was surprised,

NN**S:..\\'\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

Magnetism 73

but he walked on towards them. Kay and Arthurturned to look at him. They stepped apart from eachother slowly.

'Goodbye, Arthur,' Georg;e said cheerfully, as

he rvalked with Kay to their car. Soon they weredriving through the clear California night.

Kay said nothing. George said nothing. He couldnot believe what he had seen. Was Kay in love withArthur? They r,rrent up the steps and into their housewithout speaking.

There was a light on in the library. Kay iookedin.

'There's someone in there,' she said. 'I'm goingupstairs. Goodnight.'

A young man walked out of the library. He had apale, hard face.

'Mr Har-uraford?' he said. 'I recognize you fromyour movies.'

'What do you want? I don't know who you are.'

George snru Kay nnd ArtluLr Busch holding hctrtds ttndgnzing into ench other's eyes.

'My name is Donovan. I'm Margaret Donovan'sbrother. Come into the library for a moment.'

Ceorge iooked at the young man across thelibrarlr table.

'Listen, Hanlaford, my sister wants fifty thousanddollars,'the young man said, in a hard rroice.

'What are you talking about?''Margaret \\¡ants fiftv thousand dollars,' Donovan

repeated.Ceorge st¿red at him.'Does your sister l¡row you're here?'he asked.'She sentme. For fifty thousand dollars, she'llgive

you those letters and say no more about them.''Letters? What letters?' George asked, laughing.

'This is a joke, isn't it?' he said. 'Did Schroeder sendyou?'

'This isn't a joke, Har-ura{ord,' the young manreplied. 'I'm talking about those letters you signedthis afternoon.'

Anhour later, George walked slowlyupstairsto bed. He had known Margaret Donovanfor seven years - they were friends. He hadeven kissed her once, (but that was beforehe met Kay).

Donovan did have some letters. They hadbeen typed on the typewriter George kept inthe studio. They were love letters and theypromised that he would divorce Kay andmarry Margaret. George had not writtenthe letters. He had been tricked into signingthem that afternoon.

Ceorge was very tired and he fell asleepat once. He dreamt about Kay. In his dreamKay was gentle and loving. 'Think howyou love me,' she had whispered. 'Alwaysremember how you love me nowl'

George woke up suddeniy to the soundof the baby crying. It was morning. Georgetried to think clearly. He must do somethingabout Margaret at once. He must endhis quarrel with Kay. That was the mostimportant thing of a1l.

Ceorge phoned his lawyer and askedhim to come round to the house. As he putdown the phone, it rang again. It was HelenAvery.

'Ceorge, I'm calling you about last night. Iwas so unkind to you.'

'Don't be silly, Helen,' George said, tryingto remember what she had said. Then headded, 'It's better not to be friendly to eachother.'

'Oh, Ceorge, ro ...' Helen said softly. 'Youknow hor,r, I feel about you. I ...'

At that moment, the door opened andKay came in. She gave her husband a hardlittle smile.

74 Magnetism

'Are you busy?' she said.'No, no.'Ceorge said.Therr he spoke into the phone as he put it down,

'Well, goodbye.''I didn't mean to interrupt you,'Kay said coldly.'You didn't.'Ceorge thought for a moment, then he said, 'That

was Helen Avery.''I don't care who it was. It makes no difference

now. We're through, George. Our marriage isfinished. You know it as well as I do.'

'That's sil1y,' George answered. 'You can't meanyou don't love me any more.' He smiled. He wasnot very worried. They had had quarrels like thisbefore.

'Yes, I do. No. I don't know,' Kay burst into tears.'Oh, it's so sad,' she said. 'Arthur has cared for mefor so long. He's here now, downstairs.'

Ceorge stared at her. Kay meant what she hadsaid. Their marriage was finished. This was reallyhappening.

'I've never cared for HelenAvery. I've never caredfor anyone but you,' he said.

They went downstairs together. The brightCalifornia sun was shining hard and clear as italways did.

There were two men in the living-room. One ofthem was George's lawyer, Mr Castle. The otherwas Arthur Busch. His face was sad and rvhite.

Ceorge knew what was going to happen. Hecould see the scene in his mind like a movie. Hewould stand in front of Kay and Arthur Busch. Hewould talk, plead, act.

Ceorge suddenly decided what to do. He wouldnot take part in that scene. He turned to his lawyer.

'A script-girl called Margaret Donovan isblackmailing me with some letters,' George said.'She wants fifty thousand dollars. It's ali nonsense,of course. I'11 come to see you tomorrow.'

Then George walked up to Kay and Arthur andspoke more quietly.

'I don't know what you two want to do,'he said.'But leave me out of your plan. I don't want to takepart in it. None of this is my fault.'

Without another word, George walked out of thehouse. His car was outside. He got into it.

'Co to Santa Monica,' George told his driver. Ashe was driven through the bright, clear sunlight,Ceorge thoughi about Kay and Arthur. Kay wantedhim to apologize, get down on his knees, pleadwith her. But George would not. He would not fightagainst Arthur Busch.

Millions of people had gazed at George'sexpressive, handsome face on movie screens. So

George had become a rich and famous movie star.But he was really a gentle, honest, romantic man. Her,vanted his marriage to last. Not many marriagesdid last in Holl)'wood. George ioved Kay, but he

had made one mistake. He had looked at HelenAvery and now everything was going wrong.

The car was no\l/ passing an apartment housethat Ceorge recognized.

He had called for Margaret Donovan here, manyyears ago. Before he had met ¿rnd married Kav theyhad gone to a dance together.

'Stop herel'Ceorge said quickiy. He had to speak toMargaret.

When she saw Ceorge she gave a cry and movedaway from the door. George followed her into theapartment.

'I suppose ihis blackmail was your brother'sidea,' George said sadly. 'Do you need the moneyso badly?'

George looked at Margaret's unhappy face. Hefelt sorry for her - and for himself.

'May I sit down?' George went on in a tired voice.'People don't seem to like me today.'

'I thought everyone loved you, George,'Margaretsaid.

'They don't.''Am I the only one who loves you, Ceorge? But

that can't be true! You are George Hanlaford, thegreat movie-starl'

'That's all nonsense,' George said quietly.'I suppose I shouldbe glad you are here,'Margaret

went on. 'I've dreamt of this scene so many times -you sitting here and me sitting at your feet. But youlook tired, Ceorge. Were you at a party last night?'

'I was,' George replied. 'And when I got home,your brother was waiting for me. Was it all hisidea?'

'We plar-rned it between us. I wanted you to loveme, Ceorge. I've loved you for years. You can't stoppeople lorring yor-l, can you, George?'

'But I don't want ...''Yes, I know, George. It's your charm. It makes

people come to you - people you aren't interestedin. It's not your fault. But you did kiss me, youknow.'

Ceorge sat very quietly. He had always knownthat women loved him. But he had thought thattheir love soon disappeared.

'Ceorge,' Margaret was saying,'yoLt don't knowwhat it's like to love you. Women remember everyword, every smile. You smile at everyone, don't you,Ceorge? It's part of your charm, your magnetism.It's not your fault.'

Ceorge stood up and started to turn away fromher.

'i'm boring you,' Margaret said softly. 'Youwant to go home. But there's just one more thing,Ceorge.'

Margaret went to her desk and took out theletters. She looked at them and then tore them intosmall pieces.

'There you are,'she said. 'Now go!'

Magneti sm 75

reI

ffiffi

'I'ae loaed you for yettrs. Yorl cart't stop people loaíng you,can yoLt, George?'

'Why must I go now? Can't we be friends?'Margaret burst into tears.'Oh go - stay - do as you like! I'm yours if you

stay. But you could have any woman in the world,couldn't you?'

'Margaret . ..' George began.'You'd better go,'Margaret said, turning her face

away.Ceorge stood there. He didn't know what to do

or say. Then he walked towards the door. He feltuncomfortable and upset. What had he done forthis to happen?

Margaret watched him go. George did not knovr.how much she loved him!

.-<U"*\s$ñ \s\i** :N$R\{

When George got home, he thought thehouse was empty. The phone was ringing,but when he picked it up, there was no onethere.

It was strange to be alone and he stoodin the hall for some time. He was tired andconfused.

When Ceorge went upstairs, he foundKay lying down on the bed.

'What's the matter?' George asked. 'Don'tyou feel well?'

'That girl must be mad!' Kuy said.'Blackmail! Fifty thousand dollars! I'venever liked her.'

'Well, it doesn't matter,' George saidquickly. 'Where's Arthur Busch?'

'I sent him home.''So you're not in lorre with him?'Kay looked up at George in surprise.'In love with him? No,I was drunk. I felt

sorry for him and I was angry with you. Ithought you realized that.'

George sighed. He rn/as confused.Everything was a muddle. He couldn't thinkclearly,

'That girl must be mad,'Kay said again.'Oh, forget it, Kay. She tore up the letters.

Everything's all right now.''But she'll lose her job, won't she?'George was horrified.'Of course not. I don't want her to lose her

job. Do you think Margaret believes that? Imust phone herl What's her number?'

After some time, someone picked up thephone at Margaret Donovan's apartments.

'Miss Margaret Donovan, please,' Georgesaid.

There was a silence.'I'm afraid Miss Donovan's had an accident,' the

person said. 'She's shot herself.''Is she ... ls she badly hurt?''The doctors think she'll be all right. She's in St.

Catherine's hospital.''Thank you.'George put down the phone and turned to Kay.'She's tried to kill herself,' George said. 'I think

it's my fault. I must go to the hospital.''I don't think you should go there, George.'Kay

said quickly. 'People might say ...''I don't care what people say.'

76 ffiTii l ff&€-l;¡;. Masnetism

George went into his room and began to comb hishair. In the mirror, his face looked pale and tired.

'Ceorge, I love you,' Kay called from the nextroom.

'I love you too,'he said.'Jules Rennard phoned i Kay went on. 'He talked

about going fishing. A few of us could go - men andwomen. What do you think, George?'

'I don't like the idea much,' George began andthen stopped. The phone was ringing downstairs.Dolores, the maid, picked it up.

'Is Mr Hannaford in?'asked a voice.'No,' Dolores said quickly. She looked at the

phone, stuck out her tongue rudely and hung upjust as George Hannaford came down the stairs.

'That was Miss Avery,'Dolores said. 'She phones

you four or five times a day. I tell her you're out. Idon't tell Mrs Hannaford.'

'\44rat?'Ceorge stared at the girl. How much didDolores know about his life?

'Mr Harrnaford, I didn't hurt myself this morning,when I fell down,'Dolores said.

'That's fine. Goodnight, Dolores.''Goodnight, Mr Hannaford.'George smiled at her, just for a moment. The

magnetism of his smile promised her everythingshe could ever want.

George walked down the steps to his car. Doloresstood by the door, watching him. There was astrange look on her face.

Was it love or hate? She looked up at the sky, atthe thin, pale California moon.

Magnetism 77