4/038 13 - en/lzu 108 5306 rev a wcdma air interface part 4: 1 of 65 wcdma air interface training...
TRANSCRIPT
Part 4: 1 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Air Interface Training
Part 4 WCDMA Physical Layer
Part 4: 2 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA(ETSI/ARIB/3GPP)
• WCDMA
Overview
3GPP Standards Organization, 3GPP Document Structure
WCDMA Frequency Allocations
WCDMA Performance Overview
Physical Implementation
WCDMA Network Overview
Downlink Implementation
Uplink Implementation
Physical Layer Procedures
Slot, Frame, and Superframe Synchronization
Random Access Procedures
Packet Channel Access
Establishment of a Dedicated Channel
Soft Handover
Hard Handover / Compressed Mode Operation
TDD Implementation
Part 4: 3 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA(ETSI/ARIB/3GPP)
• Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
3GPP Project Coordination Group(ETSI, ARIB, T1)
TSG-RAN
WG 1Layer 1
WG 2Layers 2,3
WG 3Iub, Iur, Iu
UTRAN, O&M
WG 4BS TestingProtocol
TSG-CN
WG 1MM/CC/SM
WG 2CAMEL/MAP
WG 3Interworking
TSG-T
WG 1MS Testing
WG 2MS Services
WG 3USIM
TSG-SS
WG 1Services
WG 2Architecture
WG 3Security
WG 4Codec
WG 5Telecom
Part 4: 4 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA(ETSI/ARIB/3GPP)
• Specifications referenced in this presentation
WCDMA UTRAN Network3GPP TS 25.401-v330: UTRAN Overall Description3GPP TS 25.832-v300: Manifestations of Handover and SRNS Relocation3GPP TS 26.071-v301: AMR Speech Codec; General Description
WCDMA Radio Transmission and Resource Management3GPP TS 25.101-v331: UE Radio Transmission and Reception (FDD)3GPP TS 25.104-v330: BS Radio Transmission and Reception (FDD)3GPP TS 25.103-v200: RF Parameters in Support of Radio Resource Management3GPP TS 25.133-v310: Requirements for Support of Radio Resource Management
WCDMA Physical Layer Specifications (FDD and TDD)3GPP TS 25.201-v310: Physical Layer General Description3GPP TS 25.301-v350: Radio Interface Protocol Architecture3GPP TS 25.302-v350: Services Provided by the Physical Layer
WCDMA FDD, TDD Mode Standards:3GPP TS 25.211-v330: Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels (FDD)3GPP TS 25.212-v330: Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)3GPP TS 25.213-v330: Spreading and modulation (FDD)3GPP TS 25.214-v330: Physical layer procedures (FDD)3GPP TS 25.215-v330: Physical layer - Measurements (FDD)
3GPP TS 25.221-v330: Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels (TDD)3GPP TS 25.222-v331: Multiplexing and channel coding (TDD)3GPP TS 25.223-v330: Spreading and modulation (TDD)3GPP TS 25.224-v330: Physical layer procedures (TDD)3GPP TS 25.225-v330: Physical layer - Measurements (TDD)
This presentation iscurrent as of TS-25 V3.3.0(3GPP June 2000 Release)
Part 4: 5 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA(ETSI/ARIB/3GPP)
• 3GPP WCDMA Overview
Both FDD (2x 5 MHz) and TDD (1x 5 MHz)modes supported
Operation specified in bands between 1850 and 2170 MHz
BS time synchronization not required for FDD mode
GPS not required
Fast Synchronization Codes allow asynchronous operation and handover
Synchronous operation is allowed; allows faster acquisition, interference reduction
Multi-Code and Variable Spreading Factor modes supported
Network interface compatible with GSM - MAP / GPRS
* To be made compatible with ANSI-41 per OHG requirement
Physical Parameters:
Chip rate = 3.840 Mcps
RF Bandwidth = 5 MHz
Physical Layer data rates of 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, and 1920 kb/sec
Payload data rates of 12.2, 64, 144, 384, 768, and 2048 kb/sec
Frame length = 10 mSec
Fast Power Control: Bi-directional; 1500 updates/sec
Part 4: 6 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Frequency Allocations
2025 2110
IMT-2000 MSS MSS IMT-2000 MSS MSS
1885 1980 2010 2160 2170 2200
ITU/WARC-95
2025 2110
IMT-2000 MSS IMT-2000 MSS
1900 1980 2010 2170 2200
DECT
1880
Europe
2025 2110
IMT-2000 MSS Terrestrial MSS
1918.1 1980 2010 2170 2200
PHS
18951885
Japan
2025 2110
MSS MSS
1900 1980 2010 2170 2200
FDD WLL
1880
CDMA
1865 1920 1945 1960
TDD WLL
CDMAFDD WLLChina
2025 2110
MSS
2185 2200
A
1850 1910 1930 1990
D B E F C A D B E F C MSSBroadcastAuxiliary
Reserved
2150
USA
2025 2110
FDD UPLINK TDD FDD DOWNLINK1920 1980 2010 2170
WCDMA /EUROPE
1850 1910
FDD UPLINK1930 1990
WCDMA / USA
FDD DOWNLINKTDD
TDD1900
3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 5.2, 25.102 ¶ 5.2.2 3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 5.2, 25.102 ¶ 5.2.2
Part 4: 7 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
MobileSwitching
Center(MSC)
BaseStation
Controller(BSC)
Base Transceiver
Station
(BTS)
To other BTS’s
To other BSC’s
To other BTS’s
Um
Um
Um
Abis
Abis
Abis
A
A
E
VLR HLR
EIR
Gateway
MSC
AC
H F
CB
To other MSC’s
E
F
C
VLR
B
D
G
GPRS NetworkComponents
D
PacketControl
Unit(PCU)
Serving GPRSService Node
(SGSN)
Gateway GPRSService Node
(GGSN)
External Networks
PSTN
ISDN
Internet
...
External Data Network
IP / X.25
To other BSC’s
A
Base Station Subsystem
(BSS)
GSM/GPRS Network Architecture
Part 4: 8 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
MobileSwitching
Center(MSC)
RNCNode B
(BTS)
To otherRNC’s
To otherRNC’s
Uu
Uu
Uu
I uE
VLR HLR
EI R
Gateway
MSC
AC
H F
CB
TootherMSC’s
E
F
C
VLR
B
D
G
GPRS NetworkComponents
D
Serving GPRSService Node
(SGSN)
Gateway GPRSService Node
(GGSN)
External Networks
PSTN
I SDN
I nternet
...
External Data Network
I P / X.25
Radio Network Subsystem
(RNS)
I ub
RNCNode B
(BTS)
Uu
Uu
I uI ub
I u
I u
I u
UMTSTerrestrial Radio Access Network
(UTRAN) Core Network(CN)
I u
I ur
WCDMA/UMTS Network Architecture
Part 4: 9 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
UMTS and the UTRANGSM/GPRS Core Network (CN)
Iu Iu
RNS
RNC
RNS
RNC
Node B Node B Node B Node B
Iur
IubIubIub
Iub
User Equipment(UE)
UTRAN
(UMTS Terrestrial
Radio Access Network)
PSTNISDN
Internet
Uu
3GPP TS 25.401 ¶ 6.03GPP TS 25.401 ¶ 6.0
MSCGPRS
Service Node
Iu Iu
Part 4: 10 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
UMTS and the UTRAN
• UTRAN Definitions
RNS (Radio Network Subsystem)
A full or partial network offering access between UE and Core Network
Contains one RNC
RNC (Radio Network Controller)
Element of the RNS that controls physical radio resources
Node B
Logical Node controlling transmission and reception from one or more cells
Uu Interface
Interface between UE and Node B
Iu Interface
Interface between CN and RNS
Iur Interface
Interface between one RNS and another RNS
Iub Interface
Interface between RNC and Node B
3GPP TS 25.401 ¶ 3.03GPP TS 25.401 ¶ 3.0
Part 4: 11 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
3GPP TS 25.401 ¶ 7.13GPP TS 25.401 ¶ 7.1
UMTS and the UTRAN
• UTRAN Operational Functions (partial)
Functions related to overall system access control
Admission Control, Congestion Control
System information broadcasting
Radio channel ciphering and deciphering
Functions related to mobility
Handover
SRNS Relocation
Functions related to radio resource management and control
Initial (random) access detection and handling
Radio resource configuration and operation
combining/splitting control
Radio bearer connection set-up and release (Radio Bearer Control)
Allocation and deallocation of Radio Bearers
Radio protocols function
RF power control
Radio channel coding
Radio channel decoding
Part 4: 12 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
UTRAN Model
• UTRAN OSI Model
Radio Resource Control (RRC)
Medium Access Control (MAC)
Transport channels - grouped by method of transport
Physical layer
Layer 3
Logical channels - grouped by information content - User Data - Control and signaling
Layer 2
Layer 1
Physical channels Physical Channels Distinguished by: - RF Frequency - Channelization Code - Spreading Code - Modulation (I/Q) Phase (uplink) - Timeslot (TDD mode)
Air Interface
3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.03GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.0
Direct RRC control of the physical layer
Part 4: 13 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Physical Layer Requirements
• Services provided by Physical Layer
Data and RF Processing Functions
FEC encoding/decoding of transport channels
Error detection on transport channels and indication to higher layers
Rate matching of coded transport channels to physical channels
Power weighting and combining of physical channels
Closed-loop power control
Modulation/demodulation and spreading/de-spreading of physical channels
Multiplexing/de-multiplexing of coded composite transport channels
Mapping of transport channels on physical channels
Macrodiversity distribution/combining
Operational Functions
Cell search functions
Synchronization (chip, bit, slot, and frame synchronization)
Soft Handover support
Radio characteristics measurements including FER, SIR, Interference Power, etc., and indication to higher layers
Uplink timing advance (TDD mode)
3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.1.2 , 25.301¶ 5.2.2 3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.1.2 , 25.301¶ 5.2.2
Part 4: 14 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Physical Channels
BaseStation
(BS)
UserEquipment
(UE)
P-CCPCH- Primary Common Control Physical ChannelSCH - Sync Channel
P-CPICH - Primary Common Pilot ChannelS-CPICH - Secondary Common Pilot Channel(s)
Channels broadcast to all UE in the cell
DPDCH - Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DPCCH - Dedicated Physical Control Channel
F-PDSCH - Physical Downlink Shared Channel
Dedicated Connection Channels
PICH - Page Indication Channel
Paging Channels
S-CCPCH - Secondary Common Control Physical Channel
PCPCH - Common Physical Packet Channel
AP-AICH - Acquisition Preamble Indication Channel
CD/CA-AICH - Collision Detection Indication Channel
CSICH - CPCH Status Indication Channel
PRACH - Physical Random Access Channel
AICH - Acquisition Indication Channel
Random Access and Packet Access Channels
Part 4: 15 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Downlink Physical Channels• Common Downlink Physical Channels
P-CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel (Primary) - Broadcasts cell site information - Broadcasts cell SFN; Timing reference for all DL channels
SCH Synchronization Channel - Fast Synch. codes 1 and 2; time-multiplexed with P-
CCPCH
S-CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel (Secondary) - Transmits idle-mode signaling and control information to
UE’s
P-CIPCH Common Pilot Channel
S-CIPCH Secondary Common Pilot Channel (for sectored cells)
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel - Transmits high-speed data to multiple users
• Dedicated Downlink Physical Channels DPDCH Dedicated Downlink Physical Data Channel
DPCCH Dedicated Downlink Physical Control Channel - Transmits connection-mode signaling and control to UE’s
3GPP TS 25.2113GPP TS 25.211
Part 4: 16 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Downlink Physical Channels
• Downlink Indication Channels
AICH (Acquisition Indication Channel)
Acknowledges that BS has acquired a UE Random Access attempt
(Echoes the UE’s Random Access signature)
PICH (Page Indication Channel)
Informs a UE to monitor the next paging frame
AP-AICH (Access Preamble Indication Channel
Acknowledges that BS has acquired a UE Packet Access attempt
(Echoes the UE’s Packet Access signature)
CD/CA-ICH
Confirms that there is no ambiguity between UE in a Packet Access attempt
(Echoes the UE’s Packet Access Collision Detection signature)
Optionally provides available Packet channel assignments
CSICH
Broadcasts status information regarding packet channel availability
3GPP TS 25.2113GPP TS 25.211
Part 4: 17 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Uplink Physical Channels• Uplink Physical Channels
Common Uplink Physical Channels
PRACH Physical Random Access Channel - Used by UE to initiate access to BS
PCPCH Physical Common Packet Channel - Used by UE to send connectionless packet data
Dedicated Uplink Physical Channels
DPDCH Dedicated Uplink Physical Data Channel
DPCCH Dedicated Uplink Physical Control Channel - Transmits connection-mode signaling and control to
BS
3GPP TS 25.2113GPP TS 25.211
Part 4: 18 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Code Types• Channelization Codes (Orthogonal Codes)
Used to orthogonally code different data channels from BS, UE
• Scrambling Codes (Spread Spectrum Codes) BS Scrambling Codes: Used by UE to distinguish the desired BS
UE Scrambling Codes: Used by BS to distinguish the desired UE
• Synchronization Codes Primary Sync. Code: Fixed 256-bit code
Helps UE identify the presence of a WCDMA BSHelps UE achieve Slot Synchronization
Secondary Sync. Codes: Group of 256-bit codesHelps UE achieve Frame Synchronization
• Pilot Codes A full-time common Pilot (CPICH) provides coherent reference for UE receiver
Pilot data bits are embedded into each timeslot of the Dedicated Data Channel
• Random Access Preamble Codes Preamble Signatures; Used by BS to distinguish between UE making access attempts
Preamble Scrambling Codes; Used to identify which BS is being accessed
Part 4: 19 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Downlink Physical Layer
Part 4: 20 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Downlink (FDD)
BCCHBroadcast Control Ch.
PCCHPaging Control Ch.
CCCHCommon Control Ch.
DCCHDedicated Control Ch.
DTCHDedicated Traffic Ch. N
BCHBroadcast Ch.
PCHPaging Ch.
FACHForward Access Ch.
DCHDedicated Ch.
P-CCPCH(*)Primary Common Control Physical Ch.
S-CCPCHSecondary Common Control Physical Ch.
DPDCH (one or more per UE) Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
DPCCH (one per UE)Dedicated Physical Control Ch.Pilot, TPC, TFCI bits
SSCi
Logical Channels(Layers 3+)
Transport Channels(Layer 2)
Physical Channels(Layer 1)
DownlinkRF Out
DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel)One per UE
DSCHDownlink Shared Ch.
SHCCHDSCH Control Ch.
CTCHCommon Traffic Ch.
CPICHCommon Pilot Channel
Null Data
Data Encoding
Data Encoding
Data Encoding
Data Encoding
Data Encoding
PDSCHPhysical Downlink Shared Channel
AICH (Acquisition Indication Channel)
PICH (Paging Indication Channel )
Access Indication data
Paging Indication bits
AP-AICH(Access Preamble Indication Channel )
Access Preamble Indication bits
CSICH (CPCH Status Indication Channel )
CPCH Status Indication bits
CD/ CA-ICH (Collision Detection/ Channel Assignment )
CPCH Status Indication bits
S/ P
S/ P
Cch
S/ P
S/ P
S/ P
S/ P
S/ P
S/ P
S/ P
S/ P
Cell-specificScrambling
Code
I+jQI/ Q
Modulator
Q
I
Cch
Cch
Cch
Cch
Cch
Cch
Cch
Cch 256,1
Cch 256,0
GS
PSC
GP
Sync Codes(*)
* Note regarding P-CCPCH and SCH
Sync Codes are transmitted only in bits 0-255 of each timeslot;P-CCPCH transmits only during the remaining bits of each timeslot
Filter
Filter
Gain
Gain
Gain
Gain
Gain
Gain
Gain
Gain
Gain
Gain
SCH (Sync Channel)
DTCHDedicated Traffic Ch. 1
DCHDedicated Ch.
Data Encoding
MUX
MUX
CCTrCH
DCHDedicated Ch.
Data Encoding
Part 4: 21 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Downlink Logical Channels• Common Downlink Logical Channels
BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel)
– Broadcasts cell site and system identification to all UE
PCCH (Paging Control Channel)
– Transmits paging information to a UE when the UE’s location is unknown
CCCH (Common Control Channel)
– Transmits control information to a UE when there is no RRC Connection
SHCCH (Shared Channel Control Channel)
– Control channel associated with shared traffic channels (TDD mode only)
CTCH (Common Traffic Channel)
– Traffic channel for sending traffic to a group of UE’s.
• Dedicated Downlink Logical Channels
DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel)
– Transmits control information to a UE when there is a RRC Connection
DTCH (Dedicated Traffic Channel)
– Traffic channel dedicated to one UE
3GPP TS 25.301¶ 5.3.1.13GPP TS 25.301¶ 5.3.1.1
Part 4: 22 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Downlink Transport Channels
• Common Downlink Transport Channels BCH (Broadcast Channel)
– Continuous transmission of system and cell information PCH (Paging Channel)
– Carries control information to UE when location is unknown– Pending activity indicated by the PICH (paging indication channel)
FACH (Forward Access Channel)
– Used for transmission of idle-mode control information to a UE– No closed-loop power control
DSCH (Downlink Shared Channel)
– Carries dedicated control and/or traffic data; shared by several UE’s
• Dedicated Downlink Transport Channels DCH (Dedicated Channel)
– Carries dedicated traffic and control data to one UE
3GPP TS 25.301¶ 5.2.1.13GPP TS 25.301¶ 5.2.1.1
Part 4: 23 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
OVSF Codes
• Downlink OVSF Channelization Codes
1
1 -1
1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 -1 -1
1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1
C1,0
C2,0
C2,1
C4,0
C4,1
C4,2
C4,3
Designation: cch, SF , code number
SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4
3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.33GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.3
Part 4: 24 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Code Layering• WCDMA Code Layering 3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.2.1, 4.2.3
3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.2.1, 4.2.3
FDDDOWNLI NK
FDDUPLI NK
TDDDOWNLI NK
TDDUPLI NK
OVSF DataChannelizationCodes
OVSF4 ~ 512 chips
OVSF4 ~ 256 chips
OVSF{ 1 or 16 chips )
OVSF{ 1 , 2, 4, 8, or 16
chips )
OVSF ModulationSymbolRate
960 ksps ~ 7.5 ksps 960 ksps ~ 15 ksps 3.84 Msps, 240 ksps3.84 Msps ~
240 ksps
ScramblingCodes(DistinguishesBTS or UE)
Complex (I ,jQ) Code38,400 chips of a
218 Gold Sequence
Complex (I ,jQ) Code38,400 chips of a225 Gold Sequence
or256-chip S(2) code
* multiplied byHPSK rotator codes
Code length same as OVSF length( 1 , 2, 4, 8, or 16 chips )
127 scrambling codes specified inTS25.223 V 3.0.0 Annex A
Each cell has a specific scrambling codefrom the group of 127 codes
Part 4: 25 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Common Pilot Channel
• Downlink CPICH (Common Pilot Channel)
Pilot Symbol Data (10 symbols per slot)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
1 timeslot = 2560 Chips = 10 symbols = 20 bits = 666.667 uSec
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A
-A A A -A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -AA A -A
Slot 0 Slot 1Slot 14
Antenna 1Symbols
Antenna 2Symbols
If transmit diversity is used, then the pilot symbols are as shown for each antenna:
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.33GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3
Part 4: 26 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Sync Channel / Primary Common Control Channel• Downlink SCH / P-CCPCH
Broadcast Data (18 bits)SSCi
BCH Spreading Factor = 2561 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 18 BCH data bits / slot
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
2304 Chips256 ChipsSCH BCH
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.23GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.2
PSC
Part 4: 27 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Secondary Common Control Channel
• Downlink S-CCPCH
Spreading Factor = 256 to 41 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 20 * 2k data bits; k = [0..6]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
20 to 1256 bits0, 2, or 8 bits
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.23GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.2
DataTFCI or DTX Pilot
0, 8, or 16 bits
Part 4: 28 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Page Indication Channel
• Paging Indication Channel (PICH)
Spread with SF=256 Channelization code
Each UE looks for a particular PICH time slot
A paging indicator set to “1” indicates that the UE should read the S-CCPCH of the corresponding frame.
b1b0
288 bits for paging indication 12 bits (undefined)
One radio frame (10 ms)
b287 b288 b299
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.93GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.9
Part 4: 29 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Dedicated Control/Data Channel
• Downlink DPCCH/DPDCH Frame
Data 2TFCIData 1 TPC
1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 10 x 2^k bits, k = [0...7]SF = 512/2k = [512, 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
DPDCH
Pilot
DPDCH DPCCH DPCCH
The DPDCH carries user traffic, layer 2 overhead bits, and layer 3 signaling data.
The DPCCH carries layer 1 control bits: Pilot, TPC, and TFCI
Downlink Closed-Loop Power Control steps of 1 dB, 0.5 dB
The DPDCH carries user traffic, layer 2 overhead bits, and layer 3 signaling data.
The DPCCH carries layer 1 control bits: Pilot, TPC, and TFCI
Downlink Closed-Loop Power Control steps of 1 dB, 0.5 dB
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.23GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.2
Part 4: 30 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Downlink Data Rates• Variable Data Rates on the Downlink: Examples
Bits/ Frame Bits/ Slot
DPCCH
Channel BitRate
(kbps)
ChannelSymbol
Rate(ksps)
SF
TOTAL DPDCH DPCCH TOTAL DPDCH
TFCI TPC PILOT
15 7.5 512 150 60 90 10 4 0 2 4
120 60 64 1200 900 300 80 60 8 4 8
1920 960 4 19,200 18,720 480 1280 1248 8 8 16
Coded Data1.920 Mb/sec
(19,200 bits per 10 mSec frame)
S/P Converter
Channel Coding(OVSF codes at 3.84 Mcps)
960 kb/sec
Part 4: 31 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Downlink DPDCH/DPCCH Slot Formats
14 480 240 16 320 56 232 8 8* 16 1514A 480 240 16 320 56 224 8 16* 16 8-1414B 960 480 8 640 112 464 16 16* 32 8-1415 960 480 8 640 120 488 8 8* 16 15
15A 960 480 8 640 120 480 8 16* 16 8-1415B 1920 960 4 1280 240 976 16 16* 32 8-1416 1920 960 4 1280 248 1000 8 8* 16 15
16A 1920 960 4 1280 248 992 8 16* 16 8-14
DPDCHBits/Slot
DPCCHBits/Slot
SlotFormat
#i
ChannelBit Rate(kbps)
ChannelSymbol
Rate(ksps)
SF Bits/Slot
NData1 NData2 NTPC NTFCI NPilot
Transmittedslots per
radio frameNTr
0 15 7.5 512 10 0 4 2 0 4 150A 15 7.5 512 10 0 4 2 0 4 8-140B 30 15 256 20 0 8 4 0 8 8-141 15 7.5 512 10 0 2 2 2 4 15
1B 30 15 256 20 0 4 4 4 8 8-142 30 15 256 20 2 14 2 0 2 15
2A 30 15 256 20 2 14 2 0 2 8-142B 60 30 128 40 4 28 4 0 4 8-143 30 15 256 20 2 12 2 2 2 15
3A 30 15 256 20 2 10 2 4 2 8-143B 60 30 128 40 4 24 4 4 4 8-14
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.23GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.2
Notes:
1) Zero-TFCI slot formats are used when there is only one data service on the DCH.
2) Slot formats A and B are used during compressed mode operation
Part 4: 32 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Time-Embedded Pilot Symbols
• DL: Time-multiplexed with DPDCH
• UL: Transmitted on Q-channel along with TPC, TFCI, FBI bits
Npilot = 4 Npilot = 8 Npilot = 16
Symbol # 0 1 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Slot #1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
00
01
00
10
11
11
10
01
11
01
10
10
00
00
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
00
01
00
10
11
11
10
01
11
01
10
10
00
00
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
01
00
01
10
00
00
10
11
01
11
00
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
00
01
00
10
11
11
10
01
11
01
10
10
00
00
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
01
00
01
10
00
00
10
11
01
11
00
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
10
01
11
01
10
10
00
00
11
00
01
00
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
10
00
00
10
11
01
11
00
11
11
10
10
01
00
01
Pilot Bit Patterns, Downlink DPDCH (Data Channel)
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.23GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.2
Note:
Shaded portions are the Frame Synchronization Words (FSW)
Part 4: 33 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Transmit Power Control (TPC) Bits
• TPC Bits
2, 4, or 8 bits per slot depending on slot format
3GPP TS 25.211¶ Table 133GPP TS 25.211¶ Table 13
TPC Command NTPC = 2 NTPC = 4 NTPC = 8
Up (1) 11 1111 11111111
Down (0) 00 0000 00000000
Part 4: 34 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
TFCI Bits
• TFCI (Transport Format Combination Indicator)
Used when multiple services are multiplexed onto one DPDCH
Data Channel 1
Data Channel 2
Data Channel N Channel Coding
Channel Coding
Channel Coding
Coded Composite Transport Channel
(CCTrCH)
TFI 1
TFI 2
TFI N
MUX
MUX
TFCI Word32 bits
TFI: Transport Format IndicatorTFCI: Transport Format Combination Indicator
Channel Coding10 bits
Part 4: 35 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Downlink Data Coding, Multiplexing
Conv. Coding R=1/3
304
304
#2 344
688
688
#1 344
420
344 76
Radio frame FN=4N+1 Radio frame FN=4N+2 Radio frame FN=4N+3Radio frame FN=4N
Traffic data (122x2)
Add CRC bits
Add Tail bits
2nd interleaving 420 420 420
344 76 344 76 344 76
#1 76 #2 76 #3 76 #4 76
804
260
244Tail 8
CRC16
360
112
Tail 896
96CRC 16
Rate matching
1st interleaving
Add CRC bits
Layer 3 Control data
Add Tail bits
Conv. Coding R=1/3
#2 344#1 344Radio Frame
Segmentation
slot segmentation
30 ksps DPCH
Rate matching
1st interleaving
244
Traffic @ 12.2 kbpsTraffic @ 12.2 kbps L3 Data @ 2.4 kbpsL3 Data @ 2.4 kbps3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3
3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3
28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28
MUX: Pilot, TPC, TFCI 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
600 bits (300 symbols) 600 bits (300 symbols) 600 bits (300 symbols) 600 bits (300 symbols)
Data from second 244-bit packet
Part 4: 36 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Downlink Data Coding, Multiplexing
Turbo Coding R=1/3
280
280
#2 9050
18100
18100
#1 9050
9120
9050 70
Radio frame FN=4N+1 Radio frame FN=4N+2 Radio frame FN=4N+3Radio frame FN=4N
Traffic data (3840x2)
2nd interleaving 9120 9120 9120
9050 70 9050 70 9050 70
#1 70 #2 70 #3 70 #4 70
11568
7712
3840
Terminationbits
CRC16
360
112
Tail 896
96CRC 16
Rate matching
1st interleaving
Layer 3 Control data
Conv. Coding R=1/3
#2 9050#1 9050Radio Frame
Segmentation
slot segmentation
480 ksps DPCH
Rate matching
1st interleaving
3840
Traffic @ 384 kbpsTraffic @ 384 kbps L3 Data @ 2.4 kbpsL3 Data @ 2.4 kbps3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3
3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3
MUX: Pilot, TPC, TFCI
9600 bits (4800 symb.) 9600 bits (4800 symb.) 9600 bits (4800 symb.) 9600 bits (4800 symb.)
3840
CRC16
3840
Concatenate Concatenate
Add CRC bits Add CRC bits
12 11568 12
Data from second 3840-bit packet
608 608 608
32 32 32
608 608 608
32 32 32
608 608 608
32 32 32
608 608 608
32 32 32
Part 4: 37 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Multi-Code Transmission
• Downlink DPCCH/DPDCH Frame
1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 10 x 2^k bits, k = [0...7]
Data 2TFCIData 1 TPC Pilot
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.23GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.2
PrimaryDPCCH/DPDCH
Data 4Data 3Additional
DPCCH/DPDCH
Data NData N-1Additional
DPCCH/DPDCH
Part 4: 38 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Downlink Shared Channel
• Downlink PDSCH Frame
Data (30 kbps to 1920 kbps)
1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 20 x 2^k bits, k = [0...6]SF = [256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, or 4]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
Notes:
The PDSCH has no embedded Pilot, TFCI, or TPC. Therefore, it must always be associated with an active DPCCH. The associated DPCCH provides the necessary Pilot, TFCI, and TPC bits for the PDSCH.
The PDSCH can change its spreading ratio every frame, as indicated by the TFCI on the DPCCH
Any orthogonal code under the “PDSCH Root Channelization Code” may be utilized
Multiple PDSCH’s may be assigned to one UE
Notes:
The PDSCH has no embedded Pilot, TFCI, or TPC. Therefore, it must always be associated with an active DPCCH. The associated DPCCH provides the necessary Pilot, TFCI, and TPC bits for the PDSCH.
The PDSCH can change its spreading ratio every frame, as indicated by the TFCI on the DPCCH
Any orthogonal code under the “PDSCH Root Channelization Code” may be utilized
Multiple PDSCH’s may be assigned to one UE
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.53GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.5
Part 4: 39 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
CRC Algorithms
• CRC Algorithms
0, 8, 12, 16, or 24 parity bits (determined by upper layers)
g(CRC24) = D24 + D23 + D6 + D5 + D + 1
g(CRC16) = D16 + D12 + D5 + 1
g(CRC12) = D12 + D11 + D3 + D2 + D + 1
g(CRC8) = D8 + D7 + D4 + D3 + D + 1
3GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.1.13GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.1.1
Part 4: 40 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
FEC Coding Rules• FEC Coding
Transport Channel Coding Method Coder Rate
BCH Convolutional Coding 1/ 2
PCH Convolutional Coding 1/ 2
RACH Convolutional Coding 1/ 2
No Coding
Convolutional Coding 1/ 2 or 1/ 3 DCH, DSCH, CPCH, FACH
Turbo Coding 1/ 3
3GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.33GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.3
Part 4: 41 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Convolutional Code Generators3GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.3.1
3GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.3.1
DD D D D D D DData In
2:1MUX
DataOut
DD D D D D D DData In
3:1MUX
DataOut
Rate 1/2, k=9 coder: G0 = 5618 , G1 = 7538
Rate 1/3 , k=9 coder: G0 = 5578 , G1 = 6638 , G2 = 7118
Part 4: 42 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Turbo Code Generator
Data InRate = X
MUX
Data Out
3x input bits + 12 Termination bits
Xk
Xk
Zk
TurboInterleaver
X’k
Z’k
At end of data block, both switches go “down” to provide 12-bit Trellis Termination: [ xK+1, zK+1, xK+2, zK+2, xK+3, zK+3, x'K+1, z'K+1, x'K+2, z'K+2, x'K+3, z'K+3 ]
3GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.3.23GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.3.2
D D D
D D D
Part 4: 43 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Interleaving
• Interleaving
1st-Stage Interleaver
Performed prior to service multiplexing
Interleaving depth of 1, 2, 4, or 8 columns
2nd-Stage Interleaver
Performed after service multiplexing
Interleaving depth of 30 columns
3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.5 , 4.2.113GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.5 , 4.2.11
Part 4: 44 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Interleaving• Interleaving (‘K’ blocks containing (R x C) bits each)
0, 1, 2, 3, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , (RC - 1)
0
C
•
•
(R-1)C
1
C+1
•
•
(R-1)(C+1)
- - -
- - -
m
C+m
•
•
(R-1)(C+m)
C-1
2C-1
•
•
RC-1
- - -
- - -
0
C
•
•
(R-1)C
m
C+m
•
•
(R-1)(C+m)
1
C+1
•
•
(R-1)(C+1)
C-1
2C-1
•
•
RC-1
C0 Cm C1 CF-1
Before Interleaving
Write Data into Matrix
Row-wise
After Interleaving 0, C, … , (R-1)C , m, C+m, … (R-1)(C+m) , … , 1, C+1 , (R-1)(C+1), .., C-1 , 2C-1 , … RC-1
Read Data from Matrix
Column-wise
C0 C1 Cm CC-1- - - - - -Permute
MatrixColumns
3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.5 , 4.2.113GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.5 , 4.2.11
Part 4: 45 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Interleaving• Interleaver Columns Permutations (1st and 2nd Interleavers)
I nterleaverI nterleaving
SpanNumber
of ColumnsI nter-columnPermutation
10 mSec 1 None
20 mSec 2 { 0 1 }
40 mSec 4 { 0 2 1 3 }
1st
80 mSec 8 { 0 4 2 6 1 5 3 7 }
2nd 10 mSec 30
{ 0, 20 ,10, 5, 15, 25, 3, 13, 23, 8, 18, 28, 1, 11, 21, 6, 16, 26, 4, 14, 24, 19, 9, 29, 12, 2, 7, 22, 27, 17 }
Part 4: 46 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Rate Matching
• Rate Matching
When coded data rates of services are incompatible, “Rate Matching” is used to equalize the data rates.
Rate Matching may be performed by:
Padding with extra bits
Puncturing of bits using a pseudo-random algorithm
For complete rate matching rules, see 3GPP TS25.212 ¶ 4.2.7
3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.73GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.7
Part 4: 47 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Downlink Orthogonal Code Allocations
• Each data stream is assigned a unique Channelization Code - User voice / data channels
- Layer 3+ Control Channel data
• Primary CPICH (Common Pilot) uses Channelization Code C256,0
- One per cell
- Phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH
- Scrambled using the Primary Scrambling Code
• Secondary CPICH uses any Channelization code of SF=256 - Zero, one, or several per cell
- Scrambled using the Primary or Secondary Scrambling Code
• P-CCPCH (Broadcast Channel) always uses Code C256,1
• S-CCPCH Channelization Code is broadcast over the P-CCPCH
• Traffic Channel Codes are transmitted over the S-CCPCH
Part 4: 48 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Complex PN Spreading
• Complex PN Spreading (Downlink)
I
Q
SC-Q
SC-I
FIR Filter
FIR Filter
cos ( 2fRFt)
sin ( 2fRFt)
SC-I
RFOutput
Is
Qs
3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 53GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 5
Part 4: 49 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Complex PN Spreading• Complex PN Spreading (Downlink): The way it looks in the spec
+
p(t)
p(t)
RF Out
Cos(t)
-Sin(t)
ScramblingCode
(Cscram)
SCI + jSCQ
+
*j
Real (•)
Imag (•)
I+jQ
I
Q
Same result as in the previous slide:
3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.5 , 4.2.113GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.5 , 4.2.11
Part 4: 50 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
BS Transmit Diversity• TSTD (Time-Switched Transmit Diversity); SCH Only
b0 b1 b2 b3
b0 b1 b2 b3
-b2 b3 b0 -b1
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
Data bits
PSC
SSCi
PSC
SSCi
PSC
SSCi
PSC
SSCi
PSC
SSCi
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #2 Slot #3 Slot #14
• STTD (Space-Time Transmit Diversity); All Other DL Channels
Note: TSTD and STTD must be supported by the UE, but are optional in BS
3GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.33GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.3
Part 4: 51 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity• Closed-loop Transmit Diversity (DCH, PDSCH only)
UE sends Feedback Information (FBI) Bits to the BS over the DPCCH
FBI bits tell the BS how to adjust antenna gain and phase for optimal reception at the UE
DPCCH
DPDCHMUX
DCH (or PDSCH)
W1W2
CPICH2
CPICH1
Decode FBICalculate
Gains, Phases
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
Weights W1, W2 are complex-valued:
Wi = ai + jbi
gaini = square root (ai2 + bi
2)phasei = tan-1(bi/ai)
3GPP TS 25.214 ¶ 73GPP TS 25.214 ¶ 7
• S/P Demux• Channelization• Scrambling• I/Q Modulation
Part 4: 52 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Uplink Physical Layer
Part 4: 53 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Logical Channels(Layers 3+)
Transport Channels(Layer 2)
Physical Channels(Layer 1)
UplinkRF Out
UEScrambling
Code
I+jQ I/QMod.
Q
I
Chc
I
Filter
Filter
CCCHCommon Control Ch.
DTCH (packet mode)Dedicated Traffic Ch.
RACHRandom Access Ch.
PRACHPhysical Random Access Ch.
DPDCH #1Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
CPCHCommon Packet Ch.
PCPCHPhysical Common Packet Ch.
Data Coding
Data Coding
DPDCH #3 (optional)Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
DPDCH #5 (optional) Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
DPDCH #2 (optional) Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
DPDCH #4 (optional) Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
DPDCH #6 (optional) Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
Q
DPCCHDedicated Physical Control Ch.
Pilot, TPC, TFCI bits
Chd
Gc
Gd
j
Chd,1 Gd
Chd,3 Gd
Chd,5 Gd
Chd,2 Gd
Chd,4 Gd
Chd,6 Gd
Chc Gd
Chc
Chd
Gc
Gd
j
RACH Control Part
PCPCH Control Part
j
DCCHDedicated Control Ch.
DTCHDedicated Traffic Ch. N
DCHDedicated Ch.
Data Encoding
DTCHDedicated Traffic Ch. 1
DCHDedicated Ch.
Data Encoding M
UX
CCTrCH
DCHDedicated Ch.
Data Encoding
WCDMA Uplink (FDD)
Part 4: 54 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Uplink Transport Channels• Uplink Transport Channels
Common Uplink Transport Channels
RACH Random Access Channel
- Carries access requests, control information, short data
- Uses only open-loop power control - Subject to random access collisions
CPCH Uplink Common Packet Channel - Carries connectionless packet data to PCPH
Dedicated Uplink Transport Channels
DCH Dedicated Channel
- Carries dedicated traffic and control data from one UE
Part 4: 55 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
• Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
Coded Data, 10 x 2^k bits, k=0…6 (10 to 640 bits)
Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)
Pilot FBI TPC
Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
I
QTFCI
DPCCH: 15 kb/sec data rate, 10 total bits per DPCCH slot
PILOT: Fixed patterns (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 bits per DPCCH slot)
TFCI: Transmit Format Combination Indicator (0, 2, 3, or 4 bits)
FBI: Feedback Information (0, 1, or 2 bits)
TPC: Transmit Power Control bits (1 or 2 bits); power adjustment in steps of 1, 2, or 3 dB
3GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.13GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.1
Part 4: 56 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
• Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH Slot Formats
3GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.13GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.1
Slot Format #i Channel Bit Rate (kbps)
Channel Symbol Rate (ksps)
SF Bits/ Frame
Bits/ Slot
Ndata
0 15 15 256 150 10 10 1 30 30 128 300 20 20 2 60 60 64 600 40 40 3 120 120 32 1200 80 80 4 240 240 16 2400 160 160 5 480 480 8 4800 320 320 6 960 960 4 9600 640 640
Slot Format #i
Channel Bit Rate (kbps)
Channel Symbol Rate (ksps)
SF Bits/ Frame
Bits/ Slot
Npilot NTPC NTFCI NFBI Transmitted slots per
radio frame 0 15 15 256 150 10 6 2 2 0 15
0A 15 15 256 150 10 5 2 3 0 10-14 0B 15 15 256 150 10 4 2 4 0 8-9 1 15 15 256 150 10 8 2 0 0 8-15 2 15 15 256 150 10 5 2 2 1 15
2A 15 15 256 150 10 4 2 3 1 10-14 2B 15 15 256 150 10 3 2 4 1 8-9 3 15 15 256 150 10 7 2 0 1 8-15 4 15 15 256 150 10 6 2 0 2 8-15 5 15 15 256 150 10 5 1 2 2 15
5A 15 15 256 150 10 4 1 3 2 10-14 5B 15 15 256 150 10 3 1 4 2 8-9
DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel) Slot Formats
DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel) Slot Formats
Part 4: 57 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
FBI (Feedback Indication) Field
• FBI Field
3GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.13GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.1
S Field
0, 1, or 2 bits
Used for SSDT signalingduring soft handover
D Field
0 or 1 bit
Provides feedback informationfor closed-loop transmit diversity
0, 1, or 2 bits total depending on Slot Format
SSDT (Site Selection Transmit Diversity) is an enhanced soft handover process
The UE determines the cell with the strongest received signal, and indicates this “primary cell” selection using the S Field.
Cells other than the primary cell suspend transmission, so that overall downlink interference is reduced.
Part 4: 58 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Uplink Data Coding, Multiplexing
Conv. Coding R=1/3
360
402
600
Radio frame FN=4N+1 Radio frame FN=4N+2 Radio frame FN=4N+3Radio frame FN=4N
Traffic data (122x2)
Add CRC bits
Add Tail bits
2nd interleaving 600 600 600
490 110
110 110 110 110
804
260
244Tail 8
CRC16
360
112
Tail 896
96CRC 16
1st interleaving
Add CRC bits
Layer 3 Control data
Add Tail bits
Conv. Coding R=1/3
Rate Matching
slot segmentation
60 ksps DPDCH
1st interleaving
244
Traffic @ 12.2 kbpsTraffic @ 12.2 kbps L3 Data @ 2.4 kbpsL3 Data @ 2.4 kbps3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3
3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3
40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40
600 bits (600 symbols) 600 bits (600 symbols) 600 bits (600 symbols) 600 bits (600 symbols)
Data from second 244-bit packet
402Frame Segmentation
804
#1a 490 #2a 490 #1b 490 #2b 490
Frame Segmentation 90 90 90 90
490 110 490 110 490 110
Part 4: 59 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Uplink Data Coding, Multiplexing
Turbo Coding R=1/3
360
9525
23160
11580
9600
9525 75
Radio frame FN=4N+1 Radio frame FN=4N+2 Radio frame FN=4N+3Radio frame FN=4N
Traffic data (3840x2)
2nd interleaving 9600 9600 9600
9525 75 9525 75 9525 75
75 75 75 75
11568
7712
3840
Terminationbits
CRC16
360
112
Tail 896
96CRC 16
Rate matching
1st interleaving
Layer 3 Control data
Conv. Coding R=1/3
Frame Segmentation
slot segmentation
480 ksps DPDCH
1st interleaving
3840
Traffic @ 384 kbpsTraffic @ 384 kbps L3 Data @ 2.4 kbpsL3 Data @ 2.4 kbps3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3
3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3
9600 bits (9600 symb.) 9600 bits (9600 symb.) 9600 bits (9600 symb.) 9600 bits (9600 symb.)
3840
CRC16
3840
Concatenate Concatenate
Add CRC bits Add CRC bits
12 11568 12
Data from second 3840-bit packet
640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640
11580
9525 9525 9525
Frame Segmentation 90 90 90 90
Part 4: 60 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Uplink Channelization Codes for HPSK• Special Restrictions on OVSF Codes on the Uplink (for HPSK)
If only one DPDCH is used:
SF of 4 ~ 256 may be usedOVSF Channelization Code is CSF,K where K = SF/4
If two through six DPDCH’s are used:
SF of 4 must be used for all six DPDCH’sDPDCH_1 , DPDCH_2 must use OVSF code C4,1
DPDCH_3 , DPDCH_4 must use OVSF code C4,3
DPDCH_5 , DPDCH_6 must use OVSF code C4,2
If only one DPDCH is used:
SF of 4 ~ 256 may be usedOVSF Channelization Code is CSF,K where K = SF/4
If two through six DPDCH’s are used:
SF of 4 must be used for all six DPDCH’sDPDCH_1 , DPDCH_2 must use OVSF code C4,1
DPDCH_3 , DPDCH_4 must use OVSF code C4,3
DPDCH_5 , DPDCH_6 must use OVSF code C4,2
1
1 -1
1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 -1 -1
1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 -1 1
C1,0
C2,0
C2,1
C4,0
C4,1
C4,2
C4,3
DPCCH
DPDCH 1, 2
DPDCH 3, 4
DPDCH 5, 6
3GPP TS 25.213 ¶ 4.3.1.23GPP TS 25.213 ¶ 4.3.1.2
Part 4: 61 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Complex and HPSK Spreading• QPSK Modulation Pattern
QPSK
I,Q Equal
Magnitude
QPSK
I,QNon-EqualMagnitude
After Baseband FilteringBefore Baseband Filtering
After Baseband FilteringBefore Baseband Filtering
Note:
When the I and Q branches are imbalanced, the constellation becomes “rectangular”.
This worsens peak to average power ratio, as the signal looks more like BPSK modulation.
Part 4: 62 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Complex and HPSK Spreading• Complex Spreading Pattern
ComplexPN Spreading
I,Q Equal
Magnitude
ComplexPN Spreading
I,Q Non-EqualMagnitude
After Baseband FilteringBefore Baseband Filtering
After Baseband FilteringBefore Baseband Filtering
Note:
The complex spread patterns remain “circular”, or more nearly constant amplitude, even when the I and Q branches are unequal in amplitude.
This is because the constellation phase is constantly rotated in 90 degree steps.
Part 4: 63 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Complex and HPSK Spreading• Complex PN Spreading vs. HPSK spreading
Complex PN Spreading
I,Q Equal
Magnitude
HPSK Spreading
I,Q Non-Equal Magnitude
Complex PN
Complex PN
HPSK
HPSK
Note:
The HPSK patterns have reduced incidence of zero-amplitude crossings as compared with the Complex PN spread patterns.
This is due to the specific selection of orthogonal codes, which are selected to prohibit +/- transitions on consecutive bits
e.g.,
[ + + + + ]
[ + + - - ]
Part 4: 64 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Uplink Scrambling Code
• Uplink Scrambling Code (38,400 chips of 225 Gold Code)
Note:
c2 (quadrature component) is a 16,777,232 chip delayed version of the code, c1
Code “n” is created using a 24-bit key [n0 ... n23] for the initial conditions: xn(0) = n0 ; xn(1) = n1 , … xn(23) = n23 ; xn(24)=1
y(0) = y(1) = … = y(23) = y(24) = 1
X
Y
MSB LSB
Decimate 1:2
Clong 1,n
Clong 2,n
w0 = {1 1}
w0 = {1 -1}
Cscr
3GPP TS 25.213 ¶ 4.3.2.23GPP TS 25.213 ¶ 4.3.2.2
I
Q
Part 4: 65 of 654/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A WCDMA Air Interface
Uplink Scrambling Code
Random Access, Packet Access
• Cell-specific Scrambling Code(s)
• Code(s) are assigned by UTRAN
• Code(s) are conveyed to UE via the BCH or FACH
• 8,192 PRACH codes
• 32,768 PCPCH codes
• Code allocation corresponds tothe cell’s DL scrambling code group
Dedicated Traffic Connection
• UE-specific Scrambling Code(s)
• Code(s) are assigned by UTRAN
• Code(s) are conveyed to UE via the FACH
• 224 possible codes
Uplink Scrambling Code Type depends on the Application
Note:
Short (256) Scrambling Codes may be used in place of thelong scrambling codes. This is to support operation of advanced BS receivers (e.g., multi-user detection receivers).See TS25.213 Section 4.3.2
Note:
Short (256) Scrambling Codes may be used in place of thelong scrambling codes. This is to support operation of advanced BS receivers (e.g., multi-user detection receivers).See TS25.213 Section 4.3.2