4.02 understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system. Essential Questions What are the functions of the urinary system? What are some disorders of the urinary system? How are disorders of the urinary system treated? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary
system
Essential Questions What are the functions of the urinary system? What are some disorders of the urinary system? How are disorders of the urinary system treated? How do you relate the body’s hormone control to
the urinary system?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
Functions: Excretion
Formation of urine
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Elimination of urine
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
Functions: Excretion
Formation of urine
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Elimination of urine
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
Excretion What is excretion? Why does the body have excretory
functions? What is the composition of wastes
excreted by the urinary system? How is it relevant to health?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
64.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
• Blood from renal artery enters glomerulus
• High pressure in glomerulus forces fluid into Bowman’s capsule, where it is filtered
Filtration
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BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
Bowman’s capsule filters out 125cc of fluid/min.
…how many cc’s per hour is this? As the filtrate continues through nephron,
90% of water is reabsorbed—what would happen if reabsorption here failed?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Filtration
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Reabsorption
What substances are reabsorbed? Where do they go?
If blood levels of certain substances are high, the substances will not be reabsorbed.
How does this help maintain homeostasis?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Secretion
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
What is secretion?
Describe how this process is the opposite of reabsorption….
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What substances are secreted into the collecting tubules?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Secretion
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
Fluid and electrolyte balance Electrolytes are selectively secreted to
maintain body’s acid-base balance.
• What are electrolytes?
• What do they do?
• What is the relevance to health?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Chemical control• ADH• Aldosterone
Nervous control
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Chemical control• ADH – Antidiuretic hormone
• Aldosterone
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Chemical control ADH is released by the posterior
pituitary gland What is the function of ADH (antidiuretic
hormone)?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
Fluid and electrolyte balanceChemical control The amount of ADH produced is related
to the level of body hydration What factors regulate the release of
ADH?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
Forming more dilute urine:Define “dilute urine” What are diuretics? What effect do they have on the
production of urine? Give examples of substances that have
diuretic effects.
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
Fluid and electrolyte balanceChemical controlAldosterone Where does it come from? What does it do? Aldosterone release is the result of the
renin-angiotensin system. What does this mean?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
Fluid and electrolyte balance
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
What effect does this cycle have on your blood pressure?
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Nervous control How does the nervous system
control urinary secretions? What other systems are
involved in the production and excretion of urine?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Understand the functions of the urinary systemThe flow of electrolytes
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Review urine formation, electrolyte exchange, and some factors that effect urine volume.
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
What do you predict will happen to blood pressure when the blood volume increases?
What if blood volume decreases?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
review
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
If more water is reabsorbed back into the body---what will happen to urine concentration?
(more or less concentrated?)
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
review
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
Elimination of urineWhat causes the bladder to empty?Is this a voluntary or involuntary action?What can prevent urination? How is urinary retention treated?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Understand the functions of the urinary system
Elimination of urineUrinary output
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Average urinary output = 1500 ml per day *How many ounces is this?
What effects the color of your urine?
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UrinalysisAn examination of urine
What does normal urine look like? What constitutes an abnormal urinalysis?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Urinalysis
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
What could the
presence of
blood in urine
indicate?
What is the medical term for this condition?
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Urinalysis
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Where would excess glucose show up?
What does this mean?
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Urinalysis
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Disorders of the urinary system
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Disorders of the urinary systemCystitis What is cystitis (cyst= medical term for ____ +itis =___ ) bacterial infection of the bladder or lower urinary tract. Acute
means means sudden or severe Most common cause: E. Coli sometimes the bacteria can stick to the wall of the urethra or
bladder, or grow so fast that some bacteria stay in the bladder. What are the major symptoms of cystitis? Cloudy or bloody urine, which may have a foul or strong odor Low fever (not everyone will have a fever) Pain or burning with urination Pressure or cramping in the lower abdomen (usually middle) or
back Strong need to urinate often, even right after the bladder has been
emptied 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Cystitis More common in females—Why ??
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Rx=antibiotics
Disorders of the urinary system
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Glomerulonephritis
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
Disease which injures the glomerulus
is inflammation of the tiny filters in your kidneys (glomeruli). Glomeruli remove excess fluid, electrolytes and waste from your bloodstream and pass them into your urine. Also called glomerular disease, glomerulonephritis can be acute — a sudden attack of inflammation — or chronic — coming on gradually.
What will happen as a result of damaged glomeruli? Lose their filtering ability leading to accumulation of toxic waste
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Glomerulonephritis Two types:
• Acute- lose filtering ability need • Chronic- kidney failure
Define these terms.
How do these terms relate to glomerulonephritis symptoms?
What is the prognosis for each?4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
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Renal calculiAlso known as nephrolithiasis nephro lith iasis
What are renal calculi made of?solid piece of material that forms in the kidney from substances in the urine. It may be small as a grain of sand or as large as a pearl. Most kidney stones pass out of the body without help but can get stuck in the urinary tract causing pain and Block the flow of urineWhat are the symptoms?
Extreme pain in your back or side that will not go away Blood in your urine Fever and chills Vomiting Urine that smells bad or looks cloudy A burning feeling when you urinate
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
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Renal calculi
What will happen if the ureters are blocked?
If you have a stone that won't pass on its own, you may need treatment. It can be done with shock waves; with a scope inserted through the tube that carries urine out of the body, called the urethra; or with surgery.
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
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Renal calculi
How is it treated?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
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Renal calculi How does lithotripsy work? Is it a cure?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
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Renal failure Acute
• What causes it?
• What are the symptoms?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
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Renal failurechronic May be none in early stages,
urinalysis may reveal proteinuria
Why would protein be present in the urine?
Why is this not normal?4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
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Renal Failure Chronic kidney
disease leads to a buildup of fluid and waste products in the body.
How are these systems affected by renal failure?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
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Renal Failure How is it treated?
• Peritoneal dialysis
• What is the process involved in this treatment?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
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Renal Failure How is it treated?
• Hemodialysis• What is
hemodialysis?• What determines
the patient’s treatment schedule?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
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Renal Failure Compare the treatment of acute
and chronic renal failure.
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
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Disorders of the urinary system
How does hemodialysis mimic glomerular function?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Disorders of the urinary systemRenal transplant What is involved in this treatment option? When does a patient get a transplant?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Disorders of the urinary systemRenal transplant
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
What is the major complication of renal transplantation?
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4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Essential Questions What are the functions of the urinary system? What are some disorders of the urinary system? How are disorders of the urinary system treated? How do you relate the body’s hormone control to
the urinary system?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system