4. wrkplace env & ergonomics part1

7/31/2019 4. Wrkplace Env & Ergonomics Part1

1/29


2/29

W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S

Ergonomics is a work of selection, work ofenvironment and inventions of the tools.

1633 to 1714 shows complaint about Disease ofworkers with occupations and musculoskeletal.

1713 the complaint was written and published by

Bernardino Ramazinni .

1857 Wojciech Jastzebowksi created a special wordas ERGONOMICS in the philosophical description.

This was based on the truths drawn from the Science

of Nature

1900s people were working with machine tools and

HISTORY OF ERGONOMICS


3/29

Ergonomics is the combination of two Greek words;ergonwhich means work and nomoswhich meanslaws.

This word is being used to describe the science of

designing the job.

All aspects from physical to environmental factors are

covered in the ergonomics.

The study of relationship between people and their

workplace comes under ergonomics.


HISTORY OF ERGONOMICS

nerves, joints,

muscles, tendonsand bones

hearing, vision

and generalhealth


4/29


5/29


6/29


WORKSTATION DESIGN PRINCIPLE

General Workstation Design Principles

Make the workstation adjustable, enabling both large and

small persons to fit comfortably and reach materials easily.

Locate all materials and tools in front of the workertoreduce twisting motions. Provide sufficient work space for

the whole body to turn.

Avoid static loads, fixed work postures, and job

requirements in which operators must frequently or for longperiods.

lean to the front or the side,

hold a limb in a bent or extended position,

tilt the head forward more than 15 degrees, or


7/29




Set the work surface above elbow height for tasks

involving fine visual details and below elbow height for

tasks requiring downward forces and heavy physical effort. Provide adjustable, properly designed chairs with the

following features:-

adjustable seat height,

adjustable up and down back rest, including a lumbar(lower-back) support

padding that will not compress more than an inch under

the weight of a seated individual

A chair that is stable to floor at all times (5-leg base)


8/29




Allow the workers, at their discretion, to alternate between

sitting and standing. Provide floor mats orpadded surfaces

for prolonged standing. Support the limbs: provide elbow, wrist, arm, foot, and back

rests as needed and feasible.

Use gravity to move materials.

Design the workstation so that arm movements arecontinuous and curved. Avoid straight-line, jerking arm

motions.


9/29




Design so arm movements pivot about the elbow rather

than around the shoulder to avoid stress on shoulder,

neck, and upper back. Design the primary work area so that arm movements or

extensions ofmore than 15 in. are minimized.

Provide dials and displays that are simple, logical, and

easy to read, reach, and operate. Eliminate or minimize the effects ofundesirable

environmental conditions such as excessive noise, heat,

humidity, cold, and poor illumination.

*Adapted from design checklists developed by Dave Ridyard, CPE, CIH, CSP.Applied Ergonomics Technology, 270 Mather Road, Jenkintown, PA 19046-


10/29



Risky Actions & Position Examples


11/29





12/29





13/29

1. Keep everything within easy reach

2. Work at proper height

3. Reduce excessive force

4. Work in good posture5. Reduce excessive repetition

6. Minimize fatigue

7. Minimize direct pressure

8. Provide adjustability and change of posture9. Provide clearance and access

10. Maintain a comfortable environment

11. Enhance clarity and understanding

12. Improve work organization

12 ERGONOMICS PRINCIPLES

H I R A R C


14/29

Ergonomic Risk Assessment

A risk assessment is defined as a careful examination

ofpotential hazardous factors that could cause harm

to people in the workplace.

Why the need to do a MSD Risk Assessment?

Doing a risk assessment will help employers identify

the significant risks in their workplace, and preventMusculoskeletal disorders (MSD) from developing.

A good risk assessment for occupational health will

help avoid accidents and computer injuries. These

injuries affect job satisfaction, company morale.


ERGONOMIC RISK


15/29

Why the need to do a MSD Risk Assessment?

They also affect the bottom lines of companies as

these computer injuries lead to higher employee

turnover, compensation claims and higher insurance

premiums.

An ergonomic risk assessment can be as

straightforward as ensuring no one slips and falls

down the stairs, or that wires are carefully tucked

away, avoiding tripping someone or getting an

employee electrocuted.


ERGONOMIC RISK


16/29

What are CTDs?

They are injuries to muscles,

tendons and nerves, which

affect certain parts of the bodysuch as hands, wrists, elbows,

shoulders, neck, back and

knees.

Workers experience pain and

difficulty when work requires

use of the injured part.

H I R A R C

CUMULATIVE TRAUMADISORDERS


17/29

What are MSDs?

Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) are

among the most common disorders to be considered in

designing workcells and work stations.Here are the most common WMSDs, symptoms and risk

factors.

H I R A R C

MUSCULOSKELETALDISORDERS

Other Terms for WMSD

Repetitive motion injuries Repetitive strain injuries

Cumulative trauma disorders

Overuse syndrome

Soft tissue disorders


18/29


ERGONOMIC RISK

Disorders Occupational riskfactors

Symptoms

Tendonitis/tenosynovitis

Repetitive wrist motions

Repetitive shoulder

motionsSustained hyper

extension of arms

Prolonged load on

shoulders

Pain, weakness,

swelling, burningsensation or dull

ache over affected

area

Epicondylitis (elbow

tendonitis)

Repeated or forceful

rotation of the forearm

and bending of the wrist

at the same time

Same symptoms

as tendonitis


19/29


ERGONOMIC RISK


Symptoms

Carpal tunnel syndrome Repetitive wrist motions

Pain, numbness,

tingling, burningsensations,

wasting of muscles

at base of thumb,

dry palm

DeQuervain's diseaseRepetitive hand twisting

and forceful gripping

Pain at the base of

thumb


20/29


ERGONOMIC RISK


Symptoms

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Prolonged shoulder

flexionExtending arms above

shoulder height

Carrying loads on the

shoulder

Pain, numbness,

swelling of the

hands

Tension neck syndromeProlonged restricted

posturePain


21/29


Five Steps You Can Take To Perform your OwnRisk Assessment.

Step 1: Identify the Hazards A hazard is anything that can cause harm - glare, chemicals, weight, sharp edges etc.

Ask yourself these questions:

- Are there too many boxes, or things in the common areas which might cause someone

to trip?

- Are your wires carefully tucked away? Are there too many electrical appliances

connected to one socket?

- Is it time to clear the clutter? Are files and documents taking up space on the desk,under the desk causing your employees to work in a cramped condition? It could also be

a fire hazard.

- Are your monitors at ergonomic eye level? Do the work chairs have adequate back

support?

- Are your employees taking breaks? Are they varying their tasks instead of being in

static position for long periods of time? Add more questions to this list according to the type of workplace. It is also a good idea

ERGONOMIC RISK


22/29



Step 2: Decide who might be harmed and how

For each hazard, you have to identify who is in a potential

hazardous situation. That will help you manage the risk better.

Some questions you can consider:

- Are there children near your workplace? Will it affect members of

the public?

- Do you have pregnant employees working near hazardousconditions?

- Is it too glaring for people at the corner office where the sun sets

in around 2 to 5 pm?

- Are you putting too much into office storage boxes? The person

who will stack them later may injure his or her back

ERGONOMIC RISK


23/29



Step 3: Evaluate risks and decide on how you are going to

take precautions

After listing down potential hazards, brainstorm with your

employees on how to eliminate them.

If you cannot eliminate them completely, you'll need to

implement procedures on managing them. For example, you

could put a sign to warn people about the stairways, or label thecoffee pot as "hot" etc.

You could put barriers between the hazardous risk or issue

protective equipment such as footwear, anti-glare protective

computer screens.

ERGONOMIC RISK


24/29



Step 4: Record your findings and implement them

Put them together and go through them in a ergonomic meeting

with your employees.

That way everyone will be informed and have an increased

awareness of potential risks at the workplace. They can also be

educated on how to sit properly, use their workstations and

computer equipment more ergonomically.

ERGONOMIC RISK


25/29



Step 5: Review your assessment and update.

It is normal for us to slack off as times go by and go back to our

old ways.

Date the last time a proper risk assessment was made and

come back to it. Go through it again like a checklist.

Was there any improvements? Were there any problems with its

implementation? Analyze if they were effective. Have a meeting again to review your risk assessments and ask

for feedback.

Hopefully there is a decrease in MSD, and that everyone has

been enjoying a healthier and safer workplace.

ERGONOMIC RISK


26/29

ERGONOMICS RISK FACTORS

Contributing Factors

Awkward Posture

Excessive Force Repetitive Motion

Static Loading

Contact Stress

Environmental Factors

Noise

Temperature

Lighting/glare

Vibration

H I R A R C


27/29

EARLY DETECTION AND REPORTINGOF SYMPTOMS

Continuous pain after weeks of involvement in new job

Sudden pain in worker that has been on the same job

for a long time

Pain that is getting worse

Pain that is centered at certain muscles

Signs of numbness and aches

Signs of redness and swelling

H I R A R C


28/29

Know Your Limitations


29/29

Congested WORKSTATION

4. wrkplace env & ergonomics part1

Documents