4.. water ( pollution and prevention of pollution) act and rules

7/28/2019 4.. Water ( Pollution and Prevention of Pollution) Act and Rules

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WATER ( PREVENTION AND

CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT& RULES


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Introduction70% of the Earths

surface.

Precious natural

resources.

Essential for

everything on thisplanet.


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Polluted River

The pollution of rivers and streams with chemical

contaminants has become one of the most crucial

environmental problems within the 20th century.


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How does Water Pollution Occur?

Contaminated water is returned again to thesource like lakes, rivers etc.

Sewage water without treated is dischargedinto waterways.

Rain water runoff from urban and industrialareas and agricultural land and mining

operations makes way back to receivingwaters and into ground.


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Pathways of Contamination


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Types of Water Pollution

MicrobiologicalChemical

Oxygen Depleting Substances

NutrientsSuspended Matter


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Water Pollution Control

The impact due to suspended solids may be

minimized by controlling discharge of wastes

that contain suspended solids; this includes

sanitary sewage industrial wastes etc.

Cooling towers can be used to convert once-

through systems into closed systems. Treatedwastewater (such as sewage, industrial wastes,

or stored surface run-offs) can be used as a

cooling water make up.


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Water Pollution Control

All surface run-offs around mines or quarries

should be collected, treated, and disposed.

Waste containing radioactively should be

treated separately by means of dewatering

procedures, and solids or brine should bedisposed off with special care.


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IntroductionThe problem of pollution of rivers and streamshas assumed a greater importance and urgencyas a result of increased industrialisation andtendency for urbanisation.

Thus necessity for treatment of dischargeddomestic and industrial effluents before sendingto stream gains importance in this context.

( cont)


CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES


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(cont..)

If not, contaminated streams and watercourses which becomes a major sourceof drinking water, posses a serious

threat to human life and marine life.

Also the irrigation ,thereby the economyof the country will be net sufferers.




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The purposes of the Act are:

To provide for the Prevention and Control of Water

Pollution, maintaining or restoring of the wholesomeness

of water and to monitor and enforce the regulations.To establish Central and State Pollution Control Boards

for the Prevention and Control of water Pollution.




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The purposes of the Act are:

To provide for conferring and assigning to such Boards,the powers and functions relating thereto and for matters

connected therewith,

To impose penalties for contravention of provisions ofthe Act, and

To establish central and State water testing laboratories to

enable the Board to assess the extent of pollution, lay

down standards and establish guilt or default.




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Definitions..




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Definitions..



Sewage effluent means affluent from any sewerage system or

sewage disposal works and includes sullage from open drains.

Sewer means any conduit pipe or channel, open or closed,

carrying sewage or trade effluent.

Outlet includes any conduit pipe or channel, open or closed

carrying sewage or trade effluent or any other holding arrangement

which causes or is likely to cause, pollution.

Occupier in relation to any factory or premises, means the person

who has control over the affairs of the factory or the premises, and

includes, in relation to any substance, the person in possession of

the substance


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Definitions..



Board meansthe Central Board or a State Board.

Central Board means the Central Pollution Control BoardConstituted under section 3.

State Board means a State Pollution Control Boardconstituted under section 4.

Trade effluent includes any liquid, gaseous or solid

substance which is discharged from any premises used forcarrying on any [Industry, operation or process, ortreatment and disposal system], other than domesticsewage.


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Definitions..



Stream includes-

River,

inland water (whether natural or artificial),

water course (whether flowing or for the time beingdry),

sub-terranean waters,

sea or tidal waters to such extent or, as the case maybe, to such point as the State Government may, bynotification in the Official Gazette, specify in thisbehalf.


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Indian scenarioIn India,

CPCB advice Government on pollution related

matters,Coordinate with State govt for the purpose oftechnical assistance on abatements,Lay down safe standards in the state and centralsectors,Plan and cause nation wide programmes .




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Indian scenarioWater (Prevention and control of waterpollution ) Act 1974 & Rules 1975.

This act talks about,

metering of the water used by the differententities including the industrial consumers,

the returns that to furnished by everyconsumers




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Indian scenarioStandard of the meters to be used,

Functions and powers that can be exercised bythe central board.

Penalty clauses

Appeal clauses (Section 25 or 27 )




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Functions and powers that can be exercised by the

central board.

Advice central govt. on any matter concerning theprevention and control of water pollution.

Co-ordinate activities and resolve disputes amongstate boards.

Provide technical assistance to state board to carryout research and investigations.




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Plan and organise the training program ofpersonnels involved in various activitiesconcerning prevention and control of waterpollution.

Organize mass media awarenessprogrammes.




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The acts & rules demands for the setting upof SPCBs in each state.

The act provide the industry with permits

called consents, which is to be taken byevery industry (section 8)

Consents are given for a specific period andare to be renewed every year.




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SPCBs has got rights to call off the consentsgiven to any industry if required.

SPCBs tests the standard of the effluents.

They may ask the concerned industry to setup laboratories for testing purpose and alsotheEffluent Treatment Plants.




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SPCBs are required by the Acts & Rulesto evolve economical and reliable

treatment methods and techniquesdepending up on the availability

SPCBs can modify and alter the presentstandards for sewage and tradeeffluents




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Salient features of the Consent.Daily quantity of water utilized, source andpurpose.

Daily maximum effluent generated, type of effluentand mode of disposal.

Quality of effluents

Monitoring arrangements




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Raw materials and chemicals used per month

Process Description

Effluent Treatment process

Solid wastes generated in process and during wastetreatment.




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Emergency measures in case of pollution of stream or

well: Under section 32 of Water Act,

Where it appears to the State Board that any poisonous,

noxious or polluting matter has entered into that stream or

well due to any accident or other unforeseen act or event,

and if the Board is of opinion that it necessary or expedient

to take immediate action, it may for reasons to be recorded

in writing, carry out such operations as it may consider

necessary for all or any of the following purposes, that it tosay.




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Emergency measures in case of pollution of

stream or well: Under section 32 of Water Act,Removing that matter from the [stream or well or onland] and disposing it off in such manner as the Boardconsiders appropriate

Remedying or mitigating any pollution caused by itspresence in the stream or well.

Issuing orders immediately restraining or prohibiting

the person concerned from discharging any poisonous,noxious or polluting matter [into the stream or well oron land], or from making insanitary use of the streamor well.




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The Municipal Corporations, Companies, andGovernment departments are also prosecutedunder the Water Act.[sections 47 and 48]

Offences by Companies:Section 47,

Offences by Government Departments

Section 48.




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Procedures Legal sampling

SPCB Officer to serve a notice to occupier or his agent,

In the presence of Occupier or his agent, divide the sample into two parts. Each tobe placed in a container marked and sealed and shall also be signed by both.

Send one container to the laboratory established or recognised by SPCB

On the request of the Occupier or his agent, send the second container to thelaboratory established or specified by Central Government / State Government

In case of willful absence of the Occupier or his agent -Sealed, marked and signed sample container shall be sent to laboratory establishedor recognised by SPCB and then inform the Government appointed analyst about thewillful absence of the Occupier or his agent.

Government appointed analyst to submit the report in the prescribed form to SPCB intriplicate. CPCB / SPCB to send one copy of the report to the Occupier or his agent / second copy to be produced in court of law and third copy to be retained by SPCB.

In case of any inconsistency or discrepancy between or variation in the results, the

analyst carried out, the report of later shall prevail.




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The punishment under the Act may

imprisonment for a term varying from 3 months to 7years and / with

a fine which may extend to Rs.10,000, with an

additional fine which may extend to Rs. 5,000 forevery day during which such failure continues after theconviction for the first such failure.

If the failure continues beyond a period of one year

after the date of conviction, the offender shall, onconviction, be punishable with imprisonment for aterm which shall not be less than 2 years but whichmay extend to 7 years and with fine.




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4.. water ( pollution and prevention of pollution) act and rules

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