4 plumbing systems

7/21/2019 4 Plumbing Systems

1/44

Plumbing Systems

Dr. Ahmed El-SheemyMechanical Power Engineering Department.

Faculty of Engineering

Ain Shams University

[email protected]


2/44

Building Plumbing Functions

(1) providing drainage and water for

sanitation and potable water needs, (2) disposal of precipitation falling on the

building (stormwater system).


3/44

Old disposal systems

Urban dwellers

gutters.

In rural areas

Lakes

Rivers

cesspool

Disadvantage of these old system

1- health hazard

2- illegal in the present time


4/44

Components of Modern Sanitation

Systems

1. A distribution system of piping that supplies

water to the fixtures 2. The fixtures at which the water is consumed

or used

3. Another piping system that drains the used

water away

4. Natural gas piping


5/44

Utility Connections at The Building

Boundary

Potable water supply (and meter)

Sanitary drain Storm drain

Natural gas supply


6/44

Plumbing codes

. International Plumbing Code. International CodeCouncil.

National Standard Plumbing Code. NationalAssociation of Plumbing, Heating, and CoolingContractors.

Southern Standard Plumbing Code. SouthernBuilding Code Congress.

Uniform Plumbing Code. International Association ofPlumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO).


7/44

Objectives of Plumbing Codes

protect the health and safety of building

occupants against the followings: inadvertent contamination of the water supply,

contamination of the air due to the escape of

sewage gas, and

chronically blocked drains due to improper sizeor pitch.


8/44

Water Supply Sources

Lake (after treatment)

River (after treatment) Groundwater

Spring

Pond (after treatment)


9/44

Quality of Supply Water

Mineral contents

PH level

Organics

contamination

Turbidity

Bacteria


10/44

Supply Water Distribution Systems

(Up-feed)

3.5 to 4.5 bar


11/44

Supply WaterDistribution Systems

(Down-feed)

DGV

GVGVGV

WMA

1st Floor

2nd Floor

3rd Floor

RoofGV

GV

Gravity Tank

Receiving Tank

Distribution Pipe

Air Vent

Air Vent

Over Flow

Over Flow

Pump

Supply Water System Components

D

(3/13/1)*

(3/13/2)*

GV(3/13/3)*

GV (3/13/3)*

GV (3/13/3)* (3/13/4)*

(3/16/2)*AV

(3/12/9)*

STORAGE TANK MATERIAL (3/9)*

Concrete (with interior ceramic tiles)

Galvanized Sheet Metal with outsid painting

Stainless steel

Fiber-glass lined with polyethylene

(3/12)*

(2 primer layers and 3 painting layers)

GV (3/13/4)*

FLV(3/13/4)*

FLV (3/13/4)*

(3/13/4)*GV

1

(*) Number of Egyptian Plumbing Cod(1/301) 2002(1) Tanks should be insulated either by insulation

material or by double wall with min 60 cm spacingcommon

To DrainageSystem

Separate Pipes

(3/10/4)*

FC (3/12/2)*

(3/12/2)*FC

P=9810*H/100000P: Pressure [bar]

H: Height [m]


12/44

Rooftop Tank

Advantage

Provide reserve storage

in case of an electricalpower shortage.

An upfeed distribution

system requires a

standby power source.

Disadvantage

Greater structure support

is required.

Periodic cleaning is

required.


13/44

Building Service Hot Water (BSHW)

Types

Storage-Type Tankless-Type


14/44

Water Heater Capacity Rating


15/44

Comparison

Storage Type

Suitable for large

capacity demands.

Tankless Type

Eliminate standby losses

from hot water tanks:

Tank losses.

Supply pipe losses.

Limited for small

capacity demands.


16/44

Water Heater Temperature

Classification

180 oF (82 oC):

Minimum temperature needed for sanitizing rinse. 140 oF (60 oC):

For General-purpose cleaning and food

preparation.

105 oF to 120 oF (41 oC to 49 oC): For showers.


17/44

Distribution Systems

Without recirculation

pump.

With Recirculation

pump.


18/44

Piping Materials

Copper Piping: Types: (K, L and M)

Characterized by high resistance to Corrosion.

Soft temper tube permits changes in directionwithout the use of fittings.

Plastic Piping: Types: (PE, ABS, PVC, AND PVDC)

Characterized by high resistance to Corrosion.

PVDC is suitable for hot water supply up to 82oC.


19/44

Plumbing Fixtures

Water Closet


20/44

Plumbing Fixtures

Water Closet

Bidet

Urinal


21/44

Plumbing Fixtures

Water Closet

Bidet

Urinal

Lavatory


22/44

Plumbing Fixtures

Water Closet

Bidet

Urinal

Lavatory


23/44

Plumbing Fixtures

Water Closet

Bidet

Urinal

Lavatory

Sink

Wash fountains


24/44

Plumbing Fixtures

Water Closet

Bidet

Urinal

Lavatory

Sink

Wash fountains

Drinking fountains


25/44

Plumbing Fixtures

Water Closet

Bidet

Urinal

Lavatory

Sink

Wash fountains

Drinking fountains

Showers

Bath tube


26/44


27/44


28/44


29/44

Traps

Traps are required in order to isolate the sewer

purification gases from the interior rooms


30/44


31/44

SANITARY PIPING

Waste stacks

Soil stacks

Vent stacks

Branch waste lines

Branch soil lines

Branch vents

Floor drains

Clean-outs

Fresh-air inlet


32/44

Sanitary Piping


33/44

Piping

Material

Cast Iron

DWV Copper Plastic

Travels under Gravity

Downward 45oElbow

Pitched Towards Stack

1/8 in/ft in/ft

in/ft

45o


34/44

Vent

They relieve any potential vacuum that might

suck all the water out of a trap.

They lead sewer gas pressure safely out ofthe building.

The presence of fresh air circulating through

the drain and sewer lines reduces corrosion

and the growth of slime.

Venting aids the flow of large volumes ofliquid through the drainpipes by relieving air

pressure that could build up ahead of the

water as it moves.


35/44

Vent

maximum length of drain pipebetween the trap and an air vent is

limited to 48 times the pipe diameter. the end of a vent stack must extend at

least 1 foot (30 cm) above the roofsurface, as well as 3 feet (90 cm) ormore above any nearby window

It should be at least 10 feet (3 m) fromany windows and S feel (I.S m) aboveany occupied roof deck.


36/44

Interior Space Planning

In subfreezing weather, Plumbing

pipes should never be installed in

exterior walls.

Locating plumbing fixtures back to

back or one above the other where

possible.

All fixtures in a given room shouldbe placed along the same wall.

Drain stacks are grouped in

plumbing chase.


37/44

Interior Space Planning

The pipe risers for smaller

groupings or isolated fixtures

can be integrated withstructural columns as wet

column.

Entrances and/or partitions

need to be arranged so thatthe view from the corridor to

the soil fixtures is blocked.


38/44

accommodations for handicapped

persons.

the provision of at least one handicapped-type water

closet and lavatory in each public toilet room,

wider water closet stalls for easier maneuvering,

grab bars at water closets and bathing facilities,

extra-wide entrance and stall doors for wheelchair

passage, and

a minimum 5-foot-(l.5-m-) diameter clear space

within the room for wheelchair turning.


39/44

Floor Drains

Floor drains are employed to carry

away water used in washing floors.

They are necessary in areas like: of food preparation and cooking,

mechanical rooms, and

toilet rooms.

They are also needed in storage

closets and any other spaces thatare sprinklered for fire protection.


40/44

Clean-Outs

Clean-outs must be placed nomore than 50 feet (15 m) apart inbranch lines and building drains

up to 4 inches (10 cm) indiameter

Lines larger than 4 inches (10cm) in diameter must havecleanouts not more than 100 feet(30 m) apart.

at every change in directiongreater than 45, and at the pointwhere the building drain leavesthe building.


41/44

Interceptors

catch hair, grease, or a variety of

other troublesome waste

materials from industrial

processes.

the grease floats to the top and

is trapped between baffles as theremaining fluid waste continues

on through.


42/44

Backwater Valves

The device prevents the

backflow of sewage from the

upper stories into the lower

sanitary branch


43/44

Private Sewage Disposal


44/44

Septic Tank

The tank capacity is sized so as to allow the

waste to remain in the tank for at least 16

hours before being displaced by incoming

sewage.

4 plumbing systems

Documents