4 kinds of writings
TRANSCRIPT
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Al-Fahad
A.
Addani
Bachelor of Science in Islamic Studies
English 108
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I. Expository Writing
The purpose of expository writing is to explain something to the reader
by providing facts and examples. It defines what something is, explains how
it works, or tells the reader how to do something.
Understanding Expository Writing. All expository writing is directed
toward explaining something to a reader. To achieve the explanatory
purpose, you should establish and maintain an informative tone.
Expository writing should have an explanatory purpose and an
informative tone. In order to serve its purpose, expository writing should
contain factual statements, not opinions.
All of the main ideas in expository papers should represent statements
of fact. Support for these facts should also be factual and objective,
including specific examples, details, facts, and incidents. Often an expository
piece of writing will include verifiable information from experts and from
reliable sources of facts, such as books, almanacs, and encyclopedias. In any
case, you should avoid statements that are controversial or are open to
varying opinions.
An informative tone will help expository writing fulfill its explanatory
purpose. When writing an expository paper, you should choose
straightforward, understandable words to explain the information clearly. If
the paper is aimed at readers who are already knowledgeable on the topic,
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you can choose more technical terms. In all expository writing, direct,
specific language contributes to creating an informative tone.
In addition to its primary explanatory purpose and its underlying
informative tone, expository writing may sometimes have a secondary
purpose and tone. For instance, the explanation in an expository work can
define a concept, instruct a reader in a process, or even entertain the
reader. The informative tone can range from the serious and formal to the
lighthearted and casual.
Prewriting, Writing, and Revising. At each stage of writing an
expository paper, you should concentrate on conveying information.
Focus on explaining your main idea fully and clearly in
expository writing. The following guidelines will help you plan, write, and
revise effective expository papers.
_______________________________________________________SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING EXPOSITORY PAPERS
________________________________________________
1. Choose a topic that is appropriate to the length you have in mindand that lends itself to a factual treatment.
2. Determine any secondary purpose and tone.3. Determine your audiences knowledge of the topic.4. Develop a main idea about the topic and break it down into several
factual statements.
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5.Gather the supporting information that you need to explain yourmain ideas thoroughly to your audience.
6. Organize your paper for clarity.7. Concentrate on explaining as you write.8. Revise your work for unity and coherence and examine your word
choices for an objective, informative tone.
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A.Example of Expository Writing
Supplements of this
micronutrient are safe for
most people, but there are
some caveats. If you take
aspirin to protect against
heart disease, or if you take
any other prescription drug,
check with your doctor.
Vitamin E, like aspirin, is a
blood thinner, so your
physician may want to adjust how much you take. Also because vitamin E
may promote bleeding, dont take it prior to surgery or if you use
anticoagulant drugs. Pharmacist Earl Mindel, author of the best seller
Vitamin Bible, has been extolling the virtues of vitamin E for more than 30
years, and call it the miracle supplement. But he too suggests you use
supplements with caution if you have an overactive thyroid or rheumatic
heart disease.
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B.Conclusion
Expository writing is one of the kinds of writing on which it explains by
imparting facts and examples. Through its explanation it defines what
something is, how it works, or even telling the reader on how to do
something. It directly explains something, and having factual statement, not
utilizing any opinions.
By establishing and maintaining an informative tone, you can
accomplish the explanatory purpose, wherein the informative tone stands as
primary explanatory purposes. Expository writing sometimes has a
secondary purpose and tone. Which is the casual tone, it offers information,
seeks to entertain as well as humorous examples.
Basically saying, expository paragraph must contain an explanatory
purpose and an informative tone, it may also contain things that may
entertain and has a casual tone.
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I. Persuasive Writing
Persuasive writing attempts to convince the reader to accept new
ideas, to change his or her opinion, or to take action. This kind of writing can
be found in editorials, speeches, reviews of books and movies, and
advertisements. Whenever you write to express an opinion or interpretation
or to defend a course of action, you are using persuasion.
Understanding Persuasive Writing. ideas and word choices in
persuasive writing should work together to win the readers acceptance of
the opinion being presented. To convince the reader of something, the
language of persuasive writing must appeal to the readers interest and
reason.
Persuasive writing should have a persuasive purpose and a
reasonable, convincing tone. A persuasive topic should be a statement of
opinion something arguable, not purely factual. It should also be significant
to other people and supportable with facts and logical arguments.
The supports in persuasive writing should consist of specific evidence:
useful example, strong facts, well-thought-out reasons, logical arguments,
and relevant incidents. Persuasive writing should also achieve a reasonable,
convincing tone. The language should be direct and forceful but not
offensive. Reasonable language can win the readers agreement, whereas
emotionally loaded words may offend the reader.
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Like expository writing, persuasive writing may have secondary
purposes and tones. Some will be urgent and compelling, emphasizing the
need for immediate action. Others may be casual and friendly, simply
offering an opinion about something noteworthy.
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A.Example ofPersuasive Writing
High performance digital equipment is leading the way into the future
with slick, sophisticated inventions which focus on entertainment and simple
access to the latest information.
Now the new Digital Digest which presents an evaluation of whats on
the market in multimedia, digitalization and audiovisual communications for
todays and tomorrows world.
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B.Conclusion
Other kind of writing is persuasive writing, where it attempts to make
somebody believe on something. You can say that you are utilizing a
persuasion when the moment you write in a reason to express your opinion,
your interpretation, or defending your course of action. Persuasive writing
state a controversial or it opens to vary opinions; it must also be significant,
and advocating with factual and logical arguments.
By supporting persuasive writing it should consist of specific evidence.
Which means it consist of useful examples, strong facts, well-thought-out
reasons, logical arguments, and relevant incidents. Reasonable tone must a
persuasive writing have, because it wins the readers agreement. Humorous
tone is the second purpose and tone of a persuasive.
Basically saying, persuasive paragraph must contain a persuasive
purpose and a reasonable tone. It may also contain things that may
entertain and has a humorous tone.
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II. Descriptive Writing
Description focuses on the qualities of a person, place, object, or
experience on what the senses observe and what the memory recalls.
Descriptive writing focuses on a dominant impression and draws upon
particularly colorful language to describe and elaborate on that impression
for the reader.
Understanding Descriptive Writing. The basic purpose of
descriptive writing is to transmit the writers impression of some person,
place, object, or experience through language that allows the reader truly
and fully to imagine the topic under discussion.
Descriptive writing focuses on a dominant impression using
language that appeals to the readers emotions, senses, and
imagination. The dominant impression can be the strongest, most
noticeable quality of the topic. It can also be a mood: a feeling that the topic
produces in the observer and reader. The dominant impression will often be
explicitly stated at some point in the paper. But it should also be woven
throughout the language and details of the entire work.
Descriptive writing should always contain strong, specific details.
Features such as color, size, texture, shape, and condition should be
expressed clearly and sharply in action verb, precise nouns, and colorful
adjectives.
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Descriptive language also includes sensory impressions and figures of
speech. Sensory impressionsare specific details that appeal to the senses,
calling up sights, sounds, tastes, smells, textures, and feelings. Figure of
speech, imaginative comparisons such as similes, metaphors, and analogies,
can help the reader see the thing described in a new and revealing light.
Descriptions, like all writing, need to be well organized. A writer cannot
simple give a random catalog of everything in a room and expect the reader
to see the room as the writer sees it. Instead, details should be arranged,
for example, spatially from top to bottom or near to far so the reader can
grasp the relationship of one detail to another.
Descriptive language can also be used to create different impressions
and moods.
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A.Example ofDescriptive Writing
The past thirty years have been an unforgettable journey laden with
memories of friends who were there to nurture me and my family to what
we have become today. In 1975, when I first set foot in Zamboanga City at
early down, the color air reminded me of Baguio and the buildings that of
Vigan in llocos Sur. The Zamboangueos I met in those early years gave
them warmth I needed that lasted thirty years and this have made my
children proud to call themselves Zamboangueos.
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B.Conclusion
Descriptive writing is another kinds of writing, it lavishly describe and
elaborate a picture with the use of colorful language for the reader. The
main purpose of descriptive writing is to transmit the writers impression of
certain person, place, object or sometimes the impression of experience.
Vague idea or statement is not a descriptive writing. A descriptive
writing must explicitly and strongly specifically tell the details. It must
contain sensory impressions and certain figures of speech. It also needs to
be well organized. It also creates an impression of drifting airiness and mood
of exhilaration.
Frankly speaking, descriptive paragraph must contain or create an
impression of drifting airiness and may also create a mood of exhilaration.
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III. Narrative Writing
Narration relates what happened by presenting a series of events. It is
mainly concerned with capturing action.
Narrative writing may have many different purposes and may appear
in forms as different as letters, novels, and news paper articles.
Understanding Narrative Writing. The fundamental purpose of
narrative writing is to relate a series of events by utilizing a graphic
language, which captures both action and sensory impressions to help the
reader witness the events.
Narrative writing focuses on telling a series of related events
with graphic language. A narrative writing may be a self-contained story
or it may be part of a longer story. It have its own beginning, middle, and
end.
A narrative writing always has a storyteller or narratorwho tells the
story from a particular point of view.
Point of View (or narrators)_____________________________________________
Points of View How They Work
First person Tells the story as he or she experienced.
it uses the pronouns I and me.
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Limited third person Tells the story from the outside, using
the pronouns he, she, and they.
Does not know what the characters are
thinking.
Omniscient third person Tells the story using the pronouns he,
she, and they, can see into the minds
of the characters and reports their
thoughts.
_______________________________________
The point of view determines the kind of supporting information that
can be includes in the story.
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A.Example of Narrative Writing
March 1954.
Ashore in Kingston,
Jamaica. As Scotty and
I are walking up
Princess Street,
someone behind us is
yelling, "Scotty, Scotty,
Scotty". We both turn
round to look. There is this huge Negro woman
running down the street with a big straw hat on her head which she has to
hold down with one hand. This is Agnes. She runs a saloon in Kingston called
Aggie's Place at #7 Princess Street. Scotty introduces us and tells her our
story. She says that we will come and stay with her until we sign up on
another ship. I look at Scotty and he looks at me. He says, "Okay, Richard?"
And I say, "Okay, Scotty". We pick up our gear, throw our bags over our
shoulders, and away we go.
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C.Conclusion
The goal of narrative writing is to tell a story or part of a story. Its
general characteristics include: first, Plot structure which may consist of
introduction, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution. The second is
conflict. Third characterization and forth is the setting of the story.
The uses of narrative writing appears in and is not limited to novels,
short stories, biographies, autobiographies, historical accounts, essays,
poems, and plays.