HISTORICAL PERIODS

WHAT DOES HISTORY MEAN?

THE BRANCH OF KNOWLEDGE THAT STUDIES THE PAST OF

THE HUMAN SOCIETIES

WHY DO WE DIVIDE HISTORY INTO DIFFERENT PERIODS?

BECAUSE IT IS A WAY TO UNDERSTAND BETTER THE CHANGES OF THE SOCIETIES AND TO LOCATE THE

DIFFERENT EVENTS

PREHISTORY (5000000 – 3000 B.C.)

ANTIQUITY

(3000 B.C. – 476 A.C.)

MIDDLE AGES

476 A.C. – 1492 A.C.)

EARLY MODERN AGE

1492 A.C. – 1789 A.C.)

MODERN AGE

1789 A.C. – PRESENT DAY

THE ART DURING THE PRHISTORY

PALEOLITHIC PERIOD

SMALL SCULPTURES

CAVE PAINTINGS

NEOLITHIC PERIOD

PAINTINGS

BRONZE AND IRON AGES

CERAMICS

MEGALITHIC

ARCHITECTUREJEWELLERY

PREHISTORYCHARACTERISTICS:

• THERE AREN’T ANY WRITTEN SOURCES

• THERE ARE ONLY PHYSICAL SOURCES SUCH AS TOOLS, HUMAN REMAINS OR PAINTINGS AND SCULPTURES

• IT IS THE LONGEST PERIOD OF THE HISTORY (FROM 5 MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO TO THE 3000 B.C)

• IT IS DIVIDED INTO TWO DIFFERENT PERIODS DEPENDING ON THE TOOLS AND THE ECONOMY THAT HUMANS HAD:

• THE STONE AGE: PALEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC PERIOD

• PEOPLE ONLY HAD STONE AND BONE TOOLS

• DURING THE PALEOTHIC PERIOD, HUMANS WERE HUNTERS AND NOMADIC PEOPLE

• DURING THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD, HUMANS HAD A PRODUCTIVE ECONOMY (FARMING) AND THEY SETTLED IN FIXED PLACES

• THE BRONZE AND IRON AGES:

• PEOPLE STARTED TO USE METAL AND SOCIETIES BECAME MORE COMPLEX

ANTIQUITY

MESOPOTAMIA

• IT WAS LOCATED ALONG THE RIVERS TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES

MESOPOTAMIA

• THE RULERS OF MESOPOTAMIA WERE KINGS WHO HAD AN ABSOLUTE POWER

• MESOPOTAMIA WAS DIVIDED INTO MANY CITY STATES BUT SOMETIMES A CITY CONQUERED THE REST OF THE CITY CREATING AN EMPIRE

MESOPOTAMIA

• WRITING WAS INVENTED IN MESOPOTAMIA AND THEN THEY EXPORTED THAT TECHNIQUE TO OTHER CIVILIZATIONS

• THE MESOPOTAMIAN ART WAS VERY IMPORTANT. ZIGURATS WERE VERY COMMON IN EACH MESOPOTAMIAN CITY

MESOPOTAMIA

EGYPT

• IT WAS LOCATED ALONG THE NILE RIVER IN NORTHERN AFRICA

• THE EGYPTIAN EMPIRE DID NOT HAVE CITY STATES LIKE MESOPOTAMIA, BUT IT HAD A POWERFUL EMPIRE RULED BY PHARAOHS

EGYPT

• THE EGYPTIAN SOCIETY ALSO HAD A STRONG HIERARCHY CONTROLLED BY THE PHARAOH AND THE PRIESTS

EGYPT

• THE EGYPTIAN ART WAS CHARACTERISED BY TEMPLES AND PYRAMIDS. THOSE WERE ROYAL TOMBS

GREECE

• IT WAS LOCATED IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA AND THEY COLONISED NEW LANDS.

• THE ANCIENT GREECE WAS NOT A UNITED STATE. THERE WERE MANY INDEPENDENT CITY STATES WHICH WERE NORMALLY ON WAR.

GREECE

• THE ANCIENT GREEKS INVENTED THE DEMOCRACY BUT IT WAS NOT AN EQUAL SOCIETY. WHAT IS MORE, THERE WERE SLAVES WHO DID NOT HAVE RIGHTS AND FOREIGN PEOPLE DID NOT HAVE ALL THE RIGHTS.

GREECE

• EVEN IF AGRICULTURE WAS THE BASE OF THE GREEK ECONOMY, THE TRADE WAS VERY IMPORTANT. FOR THAT REASON THEY SETTLED DIFFERENT COLONIES THROUGH THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA.

• THEY ALSO INVENTED THE COINS TO MAKE THE TRADE EASIER

ROME

• AT THE BEGINNING, ROME WAS ONLY A SMALL CITY. HOWEVER, ROME INCREASED ITS SIZE AND BECAME A BIG REPUBLIC AND THE MOST POWERFUL EMPIRE OF ITS TIMES LATER. ROME USUALLY CONQUERED TERRITORIES BY THE WAR

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