4-dl-flow measurement
TRANSCRIPT
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Hydroelectric Plant Turbine, Stream andSpillway Flow Measurement
Josef Lampa, David Lemon, and
Jan BuermansASL AQFlow Inc. and
ALS Environmental Sciences Inc.
Sidney, British Columbia,
Canada
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Kootenay Canal Plant,British Columbia, Canada
Typical bulb
installation
Penstocks
Powerhouse
Power intakes
Turbine Flow Measurement
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Representation of ASFM operation
Transducer path 1
Transducer path 2
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Acoustic ScintillationTypical Arrangement
• portable and flexible
• non-intrusive and non-vulnerable
• suitable for shortest intakes
• minimal maintenance andcalibration
• cost effective
• repeatable
• accurate
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Lower Monumental Unit 2Index test without screens
Key requirement: repeatability
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Wells Hydroelectric Project(10 x 85 MW)
Owner: Douglas County PUD, Washington State, USA
River: Columbia
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Wells Hydroelectric Project
Sep-Oct 2002 Comparison & Diagnostic Testing - Unit #3
Jan 2004 Diagnostic Testing - Units # 1,2,6 & 10
Aug-Sep 2004 Performance Testing - Units #3 & 4
2005-2008 Performance Testing of Remaining Units
Key requirement: accuracy
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non-intrusive and non-vulnerable
suitable for shortest intakes
minimal maintenance andcalibration
repeatableaccurate
Acoustic ScintillationMonitor
Key requirement: long-term performance
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Summary
For short intakes of low head plants,
acoustic scintillation provides cost-effective:
Repeatable performance testing of individual units
Accurate performance testing of multiple unitsReliable long-term monitoring in real-time
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AcousticscintillationCurrent meters
Courtesy of Turboinstitut,
SloveniaCourtesy of COE, USA
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Turbine flow measurement in short intakesComparison between Current meters
and Acoustic scintillation
Portable and flexibleNon-intrusive and non-vulnerable
Suitable for shortest intakesMinimal maintenance andcalibrationLow costRepeatableAccurate
Current meter
NO
NO
YESNONO
YESYES
Acousticscintillation
YES
YES
YES
YESYESYESYES
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Stream FlowMeasurement
Downstream areas are environmentally important for fish,habitat
Circulation can be defined and effects of changes assessedby a combination of field measurements and numericalmodelling
High resolution field measurements of flow providecalibration and verification of the model
The model then simulates the effects of changes, and gives
detail in regions inaccessible for measurements
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Field Measurement Methodsfor Circulation
At least two sets needed: one for model calibration,one for model verification
Acoustic doppler current profilers from manned boatsor unmanned vessels for spatial patterns
Moored profilers for time series
Examples from Keenleyside and Waneta Dams
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Columbia River, Arrow Lakesto US-Canada border
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Acoustic Doppler currentprofiler mounted on workboat
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Unmanned vessel for acousticDoppler current profiler
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Measured circulation downstreamof Keenleyside Dam
200 cm/s
0 100 m
S P I L L W A Y
BEACH EDDY E2
MAIN FLOW
KEENLEYSIDE EDDY E1
KEENLEYSIDE DAM, COLUMBIA RIVER
N
Observed vertically-averaged flows at the discharge of 2350 m 3 /s
EDDY E3
EDDY E4
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
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Grid mesh for numerical model of thearea downstream of Keenleyside Dam
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Measured and modelledflows at Keenleyside Dam
200 cm/sSIMULATED WITH COCRIM-ASL
OBSERVED WITH ADCP
0 100 m
S P I L L W A Y
BEACH EDDY E2
MAIN FLOW
KEENLEYSIDE EDDY E1
KEENLEYSIDE DAM, COLUMBIA RIVER
N
EDDY E4
EDDY E3
EDDY E5
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Confluence of the Columbiaand Pend d’Oreille Rivers
WanetaEddy
Fl d i h P d d’O ill
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Flow measured in the Pend d’Oreille,using the unmanned vessel and 1200 kHz Acoustic
Doppler Current Profiler
4 5 4 7 5 4 5 4 8 0 4 5 4 8 5 4 5 4 9 0 4 5 4 9 5 4 5 5 0 05 4 2 7 9 5
5 4 2 8 0 0
5 4 2 8 0 5
5 4 2 8 1 0
5 4 2 8 1 5
5 4 2 8 2 0
U T M E a s t in g m
UTM
Nor
thIng
m
C u r r e n t s a t 2 . 0 m d e p t h
W a n e ta D is c h a r g e = 1 8 0 0 0 c f s
5m/sec Vel. Scale
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Model Flow at the Confluence
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Spillway Flow Measurements
Introduction
Why?
Alvkarleby, Swed Power
Le Coteau, Hydro Quebec
Computational FluidDynamics (CFD)
River Transects
Future Flow Measurements
ll h b
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Spillway Discharge Measurements byAcoustic Scintillation Flow Meter in Spillway B
at Mellanfallet Dam, Alvkarleby Hydro
Installation of ASFMAlvkarleby, Continued
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y
RX1Rx2Rx3Rx4Rx5Rx6Rx7Rx8Rx9
Tx1TX2Tx3Tx4Tx5Tx6Tx7Tx8Tx9
RX
TX
MSE
SPS
Test#
WaterElevation
(m)
Gate(m)
Discharge – Q
M^3/sec
Curves ASFM
7 22.38 0.5 28 20
8 22.40 0.5 28 193/4 22.44 1.0 52 47
5/6 22.40 FG 124 72
Summary:
Only at 0.5 m opening wereall ASFM paths operational
Results not credible
No inter-comparisonmeasurement to evaluatepossible bias
November 2000, Hydro Quebec’s spillway
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discharge measurements at their Le CoteauSpillway using their ASFM
Small opening
Medium opening
Full gate
Profile Opening(m)
Flow( 3/ )
Max Elevation forASFM
Elevationfree L C t S ill
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(m) (m 3/s) ASFMmeasurements (m)
freesurface (m)
#12 0.55 31 All 4.5
#4 0.57 28 All 4.5#5 0.75 30 All 4.5
#6 0.97 31 All 4.5
#8 1.30 37 3.650 4.5
#9 1.30 40 3.865 4.5
#10 1.87 84 2.068 4.2
#11 FG 4.50 264* 2.068 4.2
* This flow has a large uncertainty associated with it sincevelocities in the top half of the flow area were not measured
Summary:
Results not consistent
Unable to makeaccurate measurementsat larger openings
No inter-comparisonmethod to evaluate
possible bias
Le Coteau SpillwayFlow Values
Three Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow Over
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Three Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flow OverSpillways Dr. L Bouhadji Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: Turbulent flows over a spillway structure are investigatedusing computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Simulations are carried out to validatetwo and three dimensional CFD models in these structures. The numerical results arecompared to available experimental data published by the US Army Corps ofEngineers
Turbulence models and multi-phase models are used to simulate multiple fluidstreams, bubbles, droplets, solid particles and free surface flows.
Topology
l
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CFD Results
CFD Modeling appearspromising
More work is necessary
We need to apply CFD toLe Coteau andAlvkarleby spillways
Summary:
River Transects
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Cumbersome
Spill lots of waterNeeds time to stabilizeAcoustic Doppler Current Profilers with bottom tracking capabilityASL expertExcellent for inter-comparison flow measurement
An ADCP attached to a small jet-boat forriver transect work. A fairing has been
attached to the ADCP to reduce drag andentrainment of bubbles.
ASL Environmental Sciences owns andoperates a number of RDI ADCPWorkhorse Sentinels.
Recommended action for next
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field spillway flow measurement
Conduct CFD analysis first to predict surface profile
and side turbulence.Use ASFM in lower portion of the flow section,
Use several ADCP’s in upper portion, and,
Use a river transect to confirm flow measurementwhere possible.
Possible Measurement
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Frame for Spillways
ASFM does not work in the
upper portion of the flow
Acoustic Doppler Current
Profilers