4 dissections
TRANSCRIPT
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
89
4Dissections
Striated (Skeletal) Muscle Fibers (Longitudinal Section)
C H A P T E R
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
90 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-1The Cat Skeleton1. Maxilla2. Mandible3. Orbit4. Zygomatic arch5. Cranium6. Cervical vertebrae (7)7. Sternum8. Scapula9. Humerus
10. Radius11. Ulna12. Carpal bones13. Metacarpal bones14. Phalanges15. Thoracic vertebrae (13)16. Ribs17. Lumbar vertebrae (7)18. Pelvis19. Femur20. Tibia21. Fibula22. Calcaneus23. Tarsal bones24. Metatarsal bones25. Phalanges26. Caudal vertebrae (21–25)
1
2
34
5
6
8
9
7
10
11
15
16
19
20 21
26
22
2324
25
17
18
12
1314
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 91
Figure 4-2Cat Skull, Left Lateral View
1
B
C
9
EI
F
G
12
137
1514
2 5
6
K
L
16
18
17 21
20M
N
22
22
22
22 22
O
P
P
P
P
P
24
24
23
23
23
23
19
J
H
D
10 1010
11
43
2 A3
8
A. Mandible1. Lower canine tooth2. Mental foramina3. Lower premolar teeth4. Lower molar teeth5. Angular process6. Condyloid process7. Coronoid process
B. Incisive boneC. Nasal boneD. Maxilla
8. Upper canine tooth9. Infraorbital foramen
10. Upper premolar tooth11. Upper molar tooth
E. Lacrimal bone and fossaF. OrbitG. Frontal bone
12. Zygomatic process of frontalbone
H. Coronal sutureI. Malar or zygomatic bone
13. Frontal process of malar14. Temporal process of malar
J. Temporal bone15. Zygomatic process of
temporal bone16. External auditory meatus17. Stylomastoid foramen18. Mastoid process
K. Parietal boneL. Squamosal sutureM. Occipital bone
19. External occipitalprotuberance
20. Nuchal crest21. Occipital condyle
N. AtlasO. AxisP. Cervical vertebrae (3–7)
22. Spinous process23. Transverse process24. Transverse foramen
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
92 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-3Axial Skeleton of Cat,Dorsal View1. Frontal bone2. Parietal bone3. Sagittal suture4. Coronal suture5. Bregma6. Atlas7. Transverse process
(wing) of atlas8. Axis9. Cervical vertebrae (7)
10. Thoracic vertebrae (13)11. Ribs12. Lumbar vertebrae (7)13. Sacral vertebrae (3)14. Caudal vertebrae
(21–25)15. Scapula16. Humerus17. Ilium18. Ischium19. Femur
1
1
4
5
E
687
9
10
13
11
G F
G
F
I
H
I
J
C
12
B
D
A
3
2
3
45
2
6
8
15
1116
9
10
12
17
13
1418
19
7
Figure 4-4Cat Skeleton, Front Right Lateral AspectA. Vertebral spinous
processB. SternumC. RibsD. Scapula
1. Supraspinous fossa2. Acromial spine3. Infraspinous fossa
E. Humerus4. Proximal head5. Deltoid tuberosity6. Distal head7. Trochlea8. Lateral epicondyle9. Medial epicondyle
10. Radial fossa
F. Radius11. Radial tuberosity12. Styloid process
G. Ulna13. Olecranon process
H. Carpal bonesI. Metacarpal bonesJ. Phalanges
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 93
Figure 4-5Cat Skeleton, Right Lateral AspectA. Lumbar vertebrae
1. Transverse processes2. Spinous processes
B. Ilium3. Cranial ventral iliac spine4. Caudal ventral iliac spine
C. Ischium5. Ischial tuberosity
D. PubisE. AcetabulumF. Femur
6. Proximal head7. Greater trochanter8. Distal head9. Lateral condyle
10. Medial condyle11. Trochlea
G. PatellaH. Tibia
12. Tibial tuberosity13. Medial malleolus
I. Fibula14. Lateral malleolus
J. CalcaneusK. Tarsal bonesL. Metatarsal bonesM. PhalangesN. Caudal vertebrae
2
AB 34
E6
7
F
F
8 11
12
G
G
H
HI
J
13
14
K
L
M
10
9
C
D
N
5
A A
III
2 2
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
94 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-6Superficial Anatomy of Cat Head and Neck, Left Lateral View1. Vibrissal barrels for
sensory hairs (whiskers)2. Tongue3. Buccinator muscle4. Diagastric muscle5. Temporalis muscle6. Masseter muscle7. Dorsal buccal branch of
facial (VII) nerve8. Ventral buccal branch of
facial (VII) nerve9. Parotid duct
10. Parotid gland11. Submandibular gland12. Lymph node13. External jugular vein14. Transverse jugular vein15. Anterior facial vein16. Posterior facial vein17. Sternohyoid muscle18. Sternothyroid muscle19. Cleidomastoid muscle20. Sternomastoid muscle21. Clavotrapezius muscle22. Clavobrachialis muscle23. Acromiotrapezius muscle
1
2
3
5
5
6
69
8
12
11
10
20 21
21
2322
19
17
18
1416
15
13
7
4
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 95
Figure 4-7Superficial Anatomy of Cat Head and Neck, Ventral Aspect1. Body of mandible2. Digastric muscle3. Mylohyoid muscle4. Buccinator muscle5. Masseter muscle6. Dorsal branch of facial
(VII) nerve7. Ventral branch of facial
(VII) nerve8. Lymph node9. Submandibular gland
10. Anterior facial vein11. Posterior facial vein12. Transverse jugular vein13. External jugular vein14. Larynx15. Trachea16. Sternomastoid muscle17. Sternothyroid muscle
(unavoidably damagedon animal’s right sideduring vascularperfusion)
18. Cleidomastoid muscle19. Sternothyroid muscle20. Clavotrapezius muscle21. Clavobrachialis muscle22. Pectoantebrachialis
muscle23. Sternum
1
2
3
46
7
5
8 8
9
10
1112
1413
17
19 1615
171718
20
21
22
23
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
96 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-8Deep Anatomy of Cat Head and Neck, LeftVentrolateral Aspect1. Lower canine tooth2. Upper canine tooth3. Upper premolar tooth4. Lower premolar tooth5. Body of mandible6. Digastric muscle7. Mylohyoid muscle8. Temporalis muscle9. Masseter muscle
10. Dorsal branch of facial(VII) nerve
11. Ventral branch of facial(VII) nerve
12. Parotid duct13. Cutaneous branch of
facial (VII) nerve14. Platysma muscle
(reflected)15. Lymph node16. Sternohyoid muscle17. Sternomastoid muscle
(reflected)18. Cleidomastoid muscle19. Omohyoid muscle20. 4th cervical nerve21. 5th cervical nerve22. Jugular vein23. Subclavian vein24. Musculocutaneous nerve25. Radial nerve26. Median nerve27. Ulnar nerve28. Thoracic nerve29. Ventral thoracic nerve
(cut)30. Axillary nerve
1 2
33
44
5
6
7
9 8
10
1211
14
13
15
16
1817
19
21
22
23 29
28
27
26
2425
30
20
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 97
Figure 4-9Deep Anatomy of Cat Headand Neck, Oral Cavity withMandible Removed1. Upper canine tooth2. Upper premolar tooth3. Upper molar tooth4. Hard palate with
palatine rugae5. Soft palate6. Tongue7. Foliate papillae8. Isthmus of fauces9. Epiglottis
10. Palatine tonsil11. Larynx12. Thyroid gland (reflected)13. Trachea14. External jugular vein15. Carotid artery16. Esophagus17. Lymph node
1
2
24
2
35
6
7
9
810
17
16
11
12
13 15
15
14
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
98 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-10Superficial Muscles of the CatThoracic Limb, Ventral Aspect1. Clavobrachialis muscle2. Pectoantebrachialis muscle3. Pectoralis major muscle4. Pectoralis minor muscle5. Latissimus dorsi muscle6. Epitrochlearis muscle7. Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle8. Palmaris longus muscle9. Flexor carpi radialis muscle
10. Pronator teres muscle11. Extensor carpi radialis
muscle12. Brachioradialis muscle
(cut)13. Cephalic vein14. Antebrachial fascia15. Ulnar nerve16. Olecranon process of ulna17. Flexor retinaculum
(transverse carpalligament)
1
2
3
4
5
6 15
16
10
1213
14
17
11
9
87
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 99
Figure 4-11Deep Muscles of the Cat Left Thoracic Limb, Ventral Aspect1. Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
(cut and reflected)2. Palmaris longus muscle
(cut and reflected)3. Flexor carpi radialis muscle
(cut and reflected)4. Flexor retinaculum5. Extensor carpi ulnaris6. Cutaneous branch of ulnar
nerve7. Ulnar nerve8. Flexor digitorum
profundus9. Median nerve
10. Pronator teres muscle11. Extensor carpi radialis
muscle12. Brachioradialis muscle
(cut)13. Clavobrachialis muscle
(cut and reflected)14. Biceps brachii muscle15. Radial nerve16. Musculocutaneous nerve17. Axillary nerve18. Subclavian vein19. Ventral thoracic nerve
(cut)20. Thoracic nerve21. Triceps brachii muscle22. Latissimus dorsi muscle
2 13
4
6
7
8
9
8
5
11
12
13
14
1615
17
1918
21
20
22
9
7
10
3
21
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
100 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-12Superficial Muscles of the Cat Left Thoracic Limb, Dorsal Aspect1. Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle2. Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle3. Extensor carpi digitorum lateralis
muscle4. Extensor pollicis brevis muscle5. Extensor digitorum communis
muscle6. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
muscle7. Extensor carpi radialis longus
muscle
8. Brachioradialis muscle9. Cephalic vein
10. Extensor retinaculum (dorsalcarpal ligament)
11. Triceps brachii muscle (lateralhead)
12. Triceps brachii muscle (longhead)
13. Anconeus muscle14. Brachialis muscle15. Clavobrachialis muscle
16. Acromiodeltoid muscle17. Spinodeltoid muscle18. Acromiotrapezius muscle19. Latissimus dorsi muscle20. Levator scapulae ventralis21. Antebrachial fascia
10
4
21
12
3 5
6 7 8 14
11
13 12
12
15
16
17
17
18
19
209
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 101
Figure 4-13Deep Muscles of the Cat Left Thoracic Limb, Dorsal Aspect
1
45
6
78
9
22 23
1
2
3
3
96
7
8454
14
14
13
14
15
12
11
10
24
25
19
1819
1716
141 2 3
20
15
2 3
11
10
21
1213
Figure 4-14Superficial Muscles of the Cat Neck and Back
1. Extensor carpi ulnarismuscle (cut)
2. Extensor digitorumlateralis muscle (cut)
3. Extensor digitorumcommunis muscle (cut)
4. Extensor indicisproprius muscle
5. Extensor pollicis brevismuscle
6. Extensor carpi radialismuscle
7. Brachioradialis muscle8. Radial nerve9. Cephalic vein
10. Extensor retinaculum(dorsal carpal ligament)
11. Extensor digiti minimitendon
12. Extensor digitorumtendons
13. Extensor indicis tendon14. Brachioradialis muscle15. Median nerve16. Ulnar nerve17. Triceps brachii muscle
(medial head)18. Triceps brachii muscle
(long head)19. Triceps brachii muscle
(lateral head, cut)20. Anconeus muscle21. Posterior interosseous
nerve22. Clavobrachialis muscle23. Acromiodeltoid muscle24. Spinodeltoid muscle25. Latissimus dorsi muscle
1. Nuchal ligament2. Clavotrapezius muscle3. Clavobrachialis muscle4. Acromiotrapezius
muscle (cut andreflected on right)
5. Supraspinatus muscle6. Acromiodeltoid muscle7. Spinodeltoid muscle8. Triceps brachii muscle
(long head)9. Cephalic vein
10. Rhomboideus minormuscle
11. Rhomboideus capitismuscle (occipito-scapularis muscle)
12. Splenius capitis muscle13. Spinotrapezius muscle14. Latissimus dorsi muscle15. Lumbodorsal fascia
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
102 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-15Deep Muscles of the Cat Neck and Back1. Nuchal ligament2. Clavotrapezius muscle (reflected on left)3. Acromiotrapezius muscle (cut, removed altogether
on left)4. Supraspinatus muscle5. Infraspinatus muscle6. Triceps brachii muscle (long head)7. Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head)8. Acromiodeltoid muscle9. Clavobrachialis muscle
10. Rhomboideus capitis muscle11. Splenius capitis muscle12. Rhomboideus minor muscle13. Rhomboideus major muscle14. Spinotrapezius muscle15. Latissimus dorsi muscle (reflected on left, partially
removed on right)16. Multifidus muscle17. Spinalis muscle18. Longissimus muscle19. Iliocostalis muscle20. Lumbodorsal fascia (largely removed)
1
2
4
56
7
9
8
10
11
1413
12
17
19 1515
16
18
20
3
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 103
Figure 4-16Deep Muscles of the Back of the Cat
2 21
1
2
3
4
7
7
5
6
3
3
4
44
55
6
67
7
3
10
10
8
8
8 1112
9
9
9
A B
1. Spinotrapezius muscle2. Latissimus dorsi muscle (cut and
rolled on right)3. Lumbodorsal fascia4. Multifidus muscle
5. Spinalis muscle6. Longissimus muscle7. Iliocostalis muscle8. Rib9. Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve
10. External oblique muscle11. External intercostal muscle12. Internal intercostal muscle
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
104 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-17Superficial Muscles of the Cat Left Hind Limb, Dorsal Aspect1. Lumbodorsal fascia2. Sartorius muscle3. Tensor fascia latae
muscle4. Iliotibial band5. Gluteus medius muscle6. Gluteus maximus muscle7. Caudofemoralis muscle8. Biceps femoris muscle9. Semitendinosus muscle
10. Semimembranosusmuscle
11. Gastrocnemius muscle12. Soleus muscle13. Achilles tendon14. Calcaneal tuberosity15. Flexor hallucis longus
muscle16. Peroneus brevis muscle17. Peroneus longus muscle
and tendon18. Tibialis anterior muscle
1
5
6
74
1098
1112
18
16
13
141517
32
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 105
Figure 4-18Deep Muscles of the Cat LeftHind Limb, Dorsal Aspect1. Lumbodorsal fascia2. Sartorius muscle3. Tensor fascia latae muscle4. Vastus lateralis muscle5. Gluteus medius muscle
(under fascia)6. Gluteus maximus muscle
(under fascia)7. Caudofemoralis muscle8. Biceps femoris muscle
(cut)9. Semitendinosus muscle
(cut)10. Semimembranosus muscle11. Adductor femoris muscle12. Sciatic nerve13. Common peroneal
division of sciatic nerve14. Tibial division of sciatic
nerve15. Gastrocnemius muscle16. Soleus muscle17. Achilles tendon18. Flexor hallucis longus
muscle19. Peroneus longus muscle20. Tibialis anterior muscle21. Extensor digitorum longus
muscle22. Proximal extensor
retinaculum23. Distal extensor
retinaculum
1
25
6
7
81112
101413
15
20
19
16
17
18
21
22
23
9
3
3
4
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
106 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-19Superficial Muscles of the Cat Left Hind Limb, Medial Aspect
12
4678
5
3
3
67 5
1316
15
18
14
1017
39 8
9
10
11
12
na&v
12
4
24
578
69
10
11
1213
14
1518
17
16 19
20
21
22
23
av n
1
Figure 4-20Deep Muscles of the Cat Left Hind Limb, Medial Aspect1. Sartorius muscle (cut)2. Tensor fascia latae muscle3. Vastus lateralis muscle4. Rectus femoris muscle5. Femoral artery (a), vein (v), and nerve (n)6. Middle caudal femoral artery and vein7. Pectineus muscle8. Adductor longus muscle9. Adductor femoris muscle
10. Gracilis muscle (cut)11. Semimembranosus muscle12. Semitendinosus muscle13. Biceps femoris muscle14. Gastrocnemius muscle (reflected)15. Soleus muscle16. Achilles tendon17. Posterior tibial nerve18. Flexor hallucis longus muscle19. Flexor digitorum longus muscle20. Tibialis posterior muscle21. Tibia22. Tibialis anterior muscle23. Proximal extensor retinaculum24. Vastus medialis muscle
1. Rectus abdominis muscle2. External oblique muscle3. Sartorius muscle (cut)4. Iliopsoas muscle (deep to blood
vessels)5. Femoral artery (a), vein (v), and
nerve (n)
6. Pectineus muscle (deep to bloodvessels)
7. Adductor longus muscle8. Adductor femoris muscle9. Gracilis muscle
10. Semitendinosus muscle11. Greater saphenous vein
12. Branch of obturator nerve13. Tensor fascia latae muscle14. Semimembranosus muscle15. Vastus lateralis muscle16. Rectus femoris muscle17. Gastrocnemius muscle18. Vastus medialis muscle
3
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 107
Figure 4-21Superficial Muscles of the Cat Thorax, Ventral View1. Clavobrachialis muscle2. Pectoantebrachialis
muscle3. Pectoralis major muscle4. Pectoralis minor muscle5. Xiphihumeralis muscle6. Epitrochlearis muscle7. Latissimus dorsi muscle8. External oblique muscle9. Rectus abdominis muscle
(deep to aponeurosis)10. Linea alba11. Inferior angle of scapula12. Teres major muscle13. Subscapularis muscle
1
2
3 6
4
7
8
9
10
55
7
12
1113
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
108 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-22Deep Muscles of the CatShoulder and Thorax, Right Ventral View1. Latissimus dorsi muscle
(reflected)2. Scalenus muscles
a. Anterior (continuous withtransversus costarum)
b. Mediusc. Posterior
3. Axillary artery (a) and vein(v)
4. Radial nerve5. External jugular vein6. Internal jugular vein7. Thoracodorsal nerve8. Long thoracic nerve9. Thoracoacromial blood
vessels10. Serratus ventralis muscle11. Teres major muscle12. Subscapularis muscle13. Sternum14. Ventral thoracic nerve
1
1
10
11
12
13
9 9
45
6
14
2
a3v
a
a
bc
7
8
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 109
Figure 4-23Brachial Plexus of the Cat, Right Ventral Aspect1. Biceps brachii muscle2. Radial nerve3. Musculocutaneous nerve4. Coracobrachialis muscle5. Median nerve6. Lateral (l) and median (m)
roots of the median nerve7. Ulnar nerve8. Axillary artery9. Axillary vein
10. External jugular vein11. Thoracodorsal nerve12. Thoracodorsal artery13. Thoracoacromial artery14. Anterior circumflex
humeral artery and axillarynerve
15. Caudal subscapular nerve16. Proximal subscapular nerve17. Dorsal rami of thoracic
nerves18. Latissimus dorsi muscle
(reflected)
1
4 35
7
2 896
lm
1413
15
16
10
18
18
11
11
17
17
17
12
17
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
110 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-24Thoracic Cavity of the Cat1. Heart within
pericardium2. Thymus gland3. Diaphragm4. Lung, anterior lobe5. Lung, middle lobe6. Lung, posterior lobe7. Ribs (cut)
1
3
44
55
6 6
7
7
2
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 111
Figure 4-25Major Veins of the Cat, Neck and Thorax1. External jugular vein2. Internal jugular vein3. Common carotid artery
(right)4. Vagus nerve5. Trachea6. Transverse scapular vein7. Subscapular vein8. Thoracodorsal vein9. Subclavian vein
10. Cephalic vein11. Axillary vein12. Latissimus dorsi muscle13. Brachial vein14. Median cubital vein15. Innominate
(brachiocephalic) vein16. Anterior vena cava17. Radial nerve18. Median nerve19. Ulnar nerve20. Thoracodorsal nerve21. Lymph node22. Submaxillary gland23. Parotid gland24. Heart25. Lung26. Thymus gland27. Anterior thoracic
vein (cut) (internalmammary vein)
28. Long thoracic vein (cut)
1 2
3
39
15
10
14
19
1318
178
8
12
20 2811
915 16
27
26
24
25
25
7
5
46
23
21
22
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
112 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-26Major Arteries of the Cat, Neck and Thorax1. Common carotid artery2. Vagus nerve3. Vertebral artery4. Transverse scapular artery5. Axillary artery6. Brachial artery7. Thoraco-acromial artery (a)
and nerve (n)8. Musculocutaneous nerve9. Median nerve
10. Radial nerve11. Ulnar nerve12. Trachea13. Esophagus (displaced to
animal’s left from normalposition posterior to trachea)
14. Phrenic nerve15. Right subclavian artery16. Innominate
(brachiocephalic) artery17. Left subclavian artery18. Aortic arch19. Anterior vena cava (cut)20. Teres major muscle21. Subscapularis muscle22. Biceps brachii muscle23. Triceps brachii muscle (long
head)24. Heart25. Lung, anterior lobe26. Lung, middle lobe27. Lung, mediastinal lobe28. Lung, posterior lobe29. Right auricle30. Diaphragm
12
13
1615
23
22
7n
7a
11
9
8
6
10
19
14
18
24
26
25
2021
29
2728
30
17
14
114
2
2
5
4
5
33
2120
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 113
Figure 4-27Thorax of the Cat, Heart and Lungs Removed1. Trachea2. Esophagus3. Aortic arch4. Brachiocephalic artery5. Right common carotid
artery6. Left common carotid
artery7. Vagus nerve8. Sympathetic trunk9. Left subclavian artery
10. Phrenic nerve11. Vertebral artery12. Subclavian artery13. Thyrocervical artery14. Internal mammary artery15. Right and left primary
bronchi16. Inferior vena cava17. Diaphragm18. Rib19. Transverse scapular
artery20. Subscapular artery (cut)
12
6
7
8
5
4
7
9
3
315
15
16
18
18
10
11
1913 12
20
17
13
12
14
11
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
114 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-28Veins, Arteries, and Nerves of the Cat Neck and Thorax A, Veins Removed on Cat’s Left Side, Heart Reflected to RightB, Arteries, Veins, and Thoracic Viscera Removed
30
5
5
4
6
6
6
27
3332
3031
A B
1. Larynx2. Thyroid gland (reflected)3. Common carotid artery4. Vagus nerve5. Sympathetic trunk (In A, two
pins have been placed alongsympathetic trunk. Upper pin head is just caudal to swelling ofsympathetic trunk, the superiorcervical ganglion. Lower transversepin is just proximal to similarswelling, the middle cervicalganglion.)
6. Phrenic nerve7. Aorta
8. Spinal accessory nerve (XI)9. Spinal nerves IV, V, and VI
10. Brachial plexus11. Lymph node (reflected and
pinned)12. Soft palate (cut)13. Eustachian tubes (hidden behind
reflected tissue of soft palate)14. Epiglottis15. Internal jugular vein16. External jugular vein17. Subscapular vein18. Brachial vein19. Axillary vein20. Subclavian vein
21. Innominate (brachiocephalic) vein22. Anterior vena cava23. Azygous vein (cut)24. Heart (reflected to cat’s right)25. Right auricle26. Left auricle27. Diaphragm28. Esophagus 29. Trachea 30. Radial nerve31. Musculocutaneous nerve32. Median nerve33. Ulnar nerve34. Caudal subscapular nerve35. Axillary nerve
12
14
1
29
2
16
15
1718
11
13
3
8
4
5
19 2021
22
2526
30
24
7
23
6
934
35
10
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 115
Figure 4-29Superficial Muscles of the Cat, Abdomen and Thorax1. Clavobrachialis muscle2. Pectoantebrachialis muscle3. Pectoralis major muscle4. Pectoralis minor muscle5. Xiphihumeralis muscle (removed on right)6. Serratus anterior muscle7. Latissimus dorsi muscle (cut to reveal
underlying muscles)8. Epitrochlearis muscle9. External oblique muscle (partially reflected)
10. Internal oblique muscle (partially reflected)11. Transversalis abdominis muscle12. Peritoneum13. Rectus abdominis muscle14. Linea alba
1
2
3 3
4
5
8
7
9
9
10
10
1211
10
13
14
5
6
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
116 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-30Abdominal Viscera of Cat with (A) Greater Omentum Intact and (B) Greater Omentum Removed
2
N
R
M Q
L
2 2
2 2
3
6
84
7
5
11
9
10
2
3
4
1
111
2
A B
1. Greater omentum2. Lobes of the liver
R. Right lateral lobeM. Right medial lobeQ. Quadrate lobeN. Left medial lobeL. Left lateral lobe
3. Stomach (greater curvature)4. Spleen5. Kidney6. Small intestine (duodenum)7. Small intestine (jejuneum and
ileum)8. Pancreas
9. Large intestine (descending colon)10. Urinary bladder11. Abdominal fat
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 117
Figure 4-31Abdominal Viscera of the Cat, Mesentery1. Small intestine2. Mesentery3. Mesenteric artery4. Mesenteric vein5. Lymph vessel6. Urinary bladder7. Uterus8. Rectum9. Abdominal fat
1
4 2
2
1
1
9
9
9
9
9
6
7
8
5
3
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
118 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-32Urogenital System of the Female Cat (A) Nonpregnant and (B) Pregnant
11
3
2 3
4
4
1110
1811
14
14
15
13
16
1217
55
5 5
78
21 19
20
20
62010
18
9
2
2328
29
22
25
24
18
4
5
2026
27
14
15
13
12
10
5
49
A B
1. Liver2. Stomach (pylorus)3. Small intestine4. Kidney5. Ureter6. Abdominal aorta7. External iliac artery8. Caudal (median sacral) artery9. Renal artery
10. Ovarian artery11. Ovary12. Urinary bladder (reflected and
pinned)
13. Uterus14. Uterine horn (in B, left horn
contains two fetuses; right horn,three fetuses)
15. Rectum (cut in A)16. External iliac artery and vein17. Femoral triangle (containing
femoral nerve, artery, and vein)18. Ovarian vein19. Iliolumbar artery and vein20. Abdominal vena cava (split into
two parallel vessels in A)21. Iliolumbar artery
22. Pancreas23. Spleen24. Adrenal gland25. Hepatic portal vein (cut)26. Fetus27. Placenta28. Left gastroepiploic vein29. Right gastroepiploic vein
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 119
Figure 4-33Urogenital System of the Male Cat1. Liver2. Stomach3. Small intestine (duodenum, cut)4. Kidney5. Ureter6. Abdominal aorta7. Abdominal vena cava8. Renal artery9. Internal spermatic artery
10. Spermatic vein11. Testis12. Epididymis13. Urinary bladder (reflected)14. Vas deferens in spermatic cord15. Urethra16. Prostate gland17. Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland18. Penis19. Ligament of cremaster muscle20. External inguinal ring21. Femoral triangle22. Rectum (cut)23. Lumbar nerve (medial branch)24. Umbilical (allantoic) artery25. Spleen26. Pancreas27. Adrenal gland
1 2
3
4
48
2726
25
235
5
76
9
10
22
13
24
15
16 14
21
17
12
1118
19
20
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
120 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-34Major (A) Veins and (B) Arteries of the Cat Abdominopelvic Wall
1
2
7
98
4
5
2
1
3
11
13
17
15
1820
25
24
22
4
10
12
1623
2421
2519
14
5
A B
1. Kidney2. Ureter (cut and largely removed)3. Abdominal vena cava (removed
in B)4. Abdominal aorta (cut and
removed in A)5. Psoas muscle6. Celiac artery (cut and removed)7. Superior mesenteric artery (cut
and removed)8. Renal vein
9. Renal artery10. Inferior mesenteric artery (cut and
removed)11. Iliolumbar vein12. Iliolumbar artery13. Common iliac vein14. External iliac artery (no common
iliac artery in cats)15. External iliac vein16. Internal iliac (hypogastric) artery17. Internal iliac (hypogastric) vein
18. Femoral vein19. Femoral artery20. Deep femoral vein21. Deep femoral artery22. Caudal vein23. Median sacral (caudal) artery24. Rectum (cut)25. Urinary bladder (reflected and
pinned)
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 121
Figure 4-35Nerves and Vessels of the PosteriorAbdominopelvic Wall of the Cat1. Abdominal aorta2. Celiac artery (pinned)3. Superior mesenteric artery (pinned)4. Crus of diaphragm5. Right adrenolumbar (phrenicoabdominal)
artery (cut)6. Adrenal gland7. Renal vein8. Renal artery9. Ureter (cut)
10. Kidney11. Inferior mesenteric artery12. Iliolumbar artery13. Psoas muscle14. Femoral nerve15. External iliac artery16. Internal iliac artery17. External iliac vein18. Deep femoral artery and vein19. Femoral artery20. Femoral vein21. Spermatic artery22. Rectum (cut)23. Urethra (cut and urinary bladder removed)24. Prostate gland25. Testis26. Penis27. Genitofemoral nerve28. Distribution of sympathetic trunk (pinned out
bilaterally)29. Celiac ganglion30. Superior mesenteric ganglion31. Left adrenolumbar artery and vein
42
3 29
30
5
31
1078
911
1
12
13
14
17
1819 20
2625
27
15 16
2121
2223
24
27
28 28
6
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
122 C H A P T E R 4
1. Clavotrapezius muscle2. Clavobrachialis muscle3. Acromiodeltoid muscle4. Spinodeltoid muscle5. Triceps brachii muscle6. Spinotrapezius muscle (cut)7. Latissimus dorsi muscle
8. External oblique muscle (cut)9. Serratus anterior muscle
10. Internal oblique muscle11. Tensor fascia latae muscle (split)12. Vastus lateral muscle (under pin)13. Gluteus medius muscle14. Gluteus maximus muscle
15. Biceps femoris muscle16. Semitendinosus muscle17. Semimembranosus muscle18. Testis19. Umbilical cord
1
23
4
6
7
5
5
9
8
19
10
11
12
13
14
15 1617
18
Figure 4-36Superficial Muscles of the Fetal Pig, Left Lateral View
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 123
Figure 4-37Superficial Structures of theNeck, Shoulder, and ThoracicLimb of the Fetal Pig, Left Lateral View1. Brachioradialis muscle2. Extensor carpi radialis
muscle3. Extensor digitorum
communis muscle4. Extensor digitorum
lateralis muscle5. Extensor carpi ulnaris
muscle6. Masseter muscle7. Submaxillary gland8. Lymph node9. Parotid gland
10. Salivary duct11. External jugular vein12. Clavotrapezius muscle13. Clavobrachialis muscle14. Acromiodeltoid muscle15. Spinodeltoid muscle16. Spinotrapezius muscle
(cut)17. Triceps brachii muscle
(long head)18. Triceps brachii muscle
(lateral head)19. Splenius capitis muscle20. Rhomboideus capitis
muscle21. Latissimus dorsi muscle22. Sternomastoid muscle
6
9
7 8
8
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
21
1
2
3
6
9
7
8
8
2210
1112
13
14
15
16
17
18
2119
20
45
A
B
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
124 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-38Superficial Muscles of theHind Limb of the Fetal Pig,Left Lateral View1. Lumbodorsal fascia2. External oblique muscle
(reflected)3. Internal oblique muscle4. Tensor fascia latae
muscle (split)5. Vastus lateralis muscle
(under pin)6. Gluteus medius muscle7. Gluteus maximus muscle8. Biceps femoris muscle9. Semitendinosus muscle
10. Semimembranosusmuscle
11. Testis12. Gastrocnemius muscle13. Soleus muscle14. Achilles tendon15. Flexor hallucis longus
muscle16. Tibialis anterior muscle
1
3
4 6
7
8
910
13 12
1415
16
11
52
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 125
Figure 4-39Superficial Anatomy of theFetal Pig Neck andShoulders, Ventral Aspect1. Mylohyoid muscle2. Sternohyoid muscle3. Larynx4. Trachea5. Sternomastoid muscle6. External jugular vein7. Lymph node8. Submaxillary gland9. Masseter muscle
10. Clavotrapezius muscle11. Acromiodeltoid muscle12. Clavobrachialis muscle13. Pectoralis major muscle14. Sternum
1
32
9
7
8
5
4
5
10
12
1011
12
14
13
6
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
126 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-40Deep Anatomy of the FetalPig, Neck and Thorax1. Larynx2. Trachea3. Thyroid gland4. Common carotid artery5. Vagus nerve6. Internal jugular vein7. External jugular vein
(pinned bilaterally)8. Cephalic vein9. Subclavian vein
10. Superior vena cava11. Internal mammary vein
(cut, laid on lung tissue)12. Right auricle13. Left auricle14. Heart15. Lung16. Diaphragm
1
2
3
45
678
8
9
9
10
11
15 12
13
14
15
16
15
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 127
Figure 4-41Arteries of the Neck and Thorax of the Fetal Pig, Left Lung Removed A, Heart in Normal PositionB, Heart Reflected to Right
1
1 3
34
45
7
8
920
2021
28
2223
82
1119
24
26
612
10
1415
1817
19
2
3
45
34
6 7
9
1019
19
11
25
2282
24
27
26
18
18
1415 1516
17
20
21
20
8
A
1. Trachea2. Esophagus3. Common carotid artery4. Vagus nerve5. Sympathetic trunk6. Right innominate
(brachiocephalic) artery7. Left innominate (brachiocephalic)
artery8. Aorta9. Ductus arteriosus
10. Superior vena cava (cut)11. Inferior vena cava12. Subclavian artery13. Vertebral artery14. Transverse scapular artery15. Axillary artery16. Radial nerve17. Thoracodorsal nerve18. Dorsal rami of thoracic nerves19. Lung20. Right and left auricles
21. Heart22. Continuation of sympathetic trunk23. Azygous vein24. Diaphragm25. Rib with costal artery and vein26. Ductus venosus27. Kidney28. Hilum of left lung (with bronchi
and blood vessels cut)
13
B
13
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
128 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-42Thoracic and Abdominal Viscera of the Fetal Pig
1
2
3
5
44
4
67
8
910
11 14
12
13
1316
19
15
17
18
21 2120
22
19
15
55
6
2
1
43
6
7
8a
1413 13
12
16
17
1811
8b
9
10
Figure 4-43Abdominopelvic Cavity of the Fetal Pig, Male, DigestiveViscera Removed
1. Trachea2. Thyroid gland3. Thymus4. Lung5. Heart in pericardium6. Mediastinal
membrane7. Diaphragm8. Liver9. Spleen
10. Umbilical vein (onpin)
11. Small intestine
12. Urinary bladder13. Umbilical arteries14. Skin of umbilicus15. Penis16. Urethra17. Testis18. Epididymis19. Spermatic cord (con-
tains spermatic arteryand vas deferens,which curves to passbehind base of urinarybladder)
1. Abdominal aorta2. Abdominal vena cava3. Renal artery4. Renal vein5. Kidney6. Ureter7. Spermatic artery8. a. Vas deferens
b. Vas deferens (inspermatic cord)
9. Testis10. Epididymis11. Penis12. Rectum (cut)13. Umbilical arteries
14. Umbilical vein15. Ductus venosus (only
remnants of liverremain)
16. Urinary bladder17. Urethra18. Prostate gland19. Diaphragm20. Heart21. Lung22. Pylorus of stomach
(pin in antrum)
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 129
Figure 4-44Abdominopelvic Cavity of the Fetal Pig, Female, DigestiveViscera Removed
Figure 4-45Deep Anatomy of the Abdominopelvic Cavity of the FetalPig, Abdominal Viscera Removed, Female
1. Abdominal aorta2. Abdominal vena cava3. Kidney (behind intact
peritoneum)4. Ureter (behind intact
peritoneum)5. Ovarian artery6. Ovary7. Uterus8. Uterine horn9. Umbilical arteries
10. Umbilical vein (lying onpin)
11. Ductus venosus
12. Urinary bladder(reflected and pinned)
13. Sigmoid colon14. Suspensory ligament of
ovary15. Diaphragm16. Heart17. Lung18. Mediastinal membrane
1. Abdominal aorta2. Abdominal vena cava3. Renal vein4. Ureter5. Kidney (left kidney
behind peritoneum)6. Adrenal gland7. Suspensory ligament of
ovary8. External iliac artery9. Internal iliac artery
10. Median sacral (caudal)artery
11. Rectum (cut)12. Ovary13. Uterine horn
14. Urinary bladder(reflected)
15. Urethra16. Umbilical arteries17. Umbilical vein18. Ductus venosus19. Posterior (inferior)
mesenteric artery20. Colic artery (pinned to
kidney for clarity due tomissing colon)
21. Superior hemorrhoidalartery
22. Remnant of smallintestine (duodenum)
23. Diaphragm
1717
16
18
15
33 21
513
14
6
7
4
68
9
12
109
11
1
1
32
6
5
7
4
4
89 10
11
12
13
15 16
14
17
16
18
6
5
22
23
20
1921
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
130 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-46General Anatomy of the Male Rat,Abdominal Cavity Exposed, Ventral View1. Thorax2. Abdomen3. External oblique muscle (reflected and
pinned)4. Internal oblique muscle (lying on pin)5. Transversus abdominis6. Rectus abdominis7. Peritoneum8. Inferior epigastric artery9. Liver
10. Spleen11. Kidney12. Rectum13. Abdominal fat (small intestine not
visible in this photograph)14. Testis15. Penis16. Sternum (xiphoid process)
1
2543
66
16
10 11
1312
15
14
9 7
8
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 131
Figure 4-47Deep Anatomy of the Rat, Neck and Thorax1. Larynx2. Salivary gland3. Thyroid gland4. Trachea5. Sternohyoid muscle
(unavoidably damaged onanimal’s right side duringvascular perfusion)
6. Thymus7. Common carotid artery8. Heart9. Lung
10. Internal mammary vein11. Rib and intercostal artery and
vein12. Diaphragm13. Crus of diaphragm
47
1
3
5
2
6
8
9
1110
12
13
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
132 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-48Abdominopelvic Cavity of the Male Rat1. Sternum (xiphoid process)2. Stomach3. Liver4. Small intestine (duodenum)5. Pancreas6. Spleen7. Kidney8. Small intestine (jejuneum and ileum)9. Large intestine (cecum)
10. Rectum11. Abdominal fat12. Urinary bladder13. Rectus abdominis muscle (cut)14. Testis in scrotum15. Epididymis16. Penis17. Seminal vesicle18. Cremasteric fascia
1
45
2 6
8
87
89
3
11
17
12
10
13
18
17
16
14
15
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
D i s s e c t i o n s 133
Figure 4-49Abdominopelvic Cavity of the Rat, Male,Digestive Viscera Removed1. Sternum (xiphoid process)2. Abdominal aorta3. Abdominal vena cava4. Renal artery5. Renal vein6. Kidney7. Adrenal gland8. Ureter (lying on pin)9. Spermatic artery (lying on pin)
10. Lumbar nerve (medial branch, extendedfor clarity)
11. Iliolumbar artery and vein12. Urinary bladder13. Seminal vesicle14. Common iliac artery15. Median sacral (caudal) artery16. Rectum (cut)17. Penis18. Psoas muscle19. Diaphragm20. Crus of diaphragm
1
19
20
67
45
610
11
8
9 9 8
18
13
1415
16
1213
17
32
Eder, et al.: Laboratory Atlas of Anatomy and Physiology, Third Edition
4. Dissections Text © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2001
134 C H A P T E R 4
Figure 4-50Abdominopelvic Cavity of the Rat, Female,Digestive Viscera Removed1. Abdominal aorta2. Abdominal vena cava3. Renal artery4. Renal vein5. Ureter (lying on pin)6. Iliolumbar artery7. Iliolumbar vein8. Rectum (cut)9. Ovary
10. Uterus11. Uterine horn12. Urinary bladder13. Abdominal fat14. Ovarian artery and vein15. Crus of diaphragm16. Kidney17. Adrenal gland
1515
1717
43
12
7
6
9
55
9
8
13
11
11
10
12
14
14
1616