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9/26/2016 1 Complications around the knee of mega implants Herrick J. Siegel, MD University of Alabama at Birmingham Options for knee reconstructions for massive bone loss Osteoallograft AllograftProsthetic Composite Intercalary allograft with joint preservation Custom mega prosthesis Modular mega prosthesis 20 YEARS POST OP

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Page 1: 4 - Complications around the knee of mega implants · 9/4/2016  · • Custom mega prosthesis • Modular mega prosthesis 20 YEARS POST OP. 9/26/2016 2 Advantages of mega implants

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Complications around the knee of mega implants

Herrick J. Siegel, MD

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Options for knee reconstructions for massive bone loss

• Osteoallograft

• Allograft‐Prosthetic Composite

• Intercalary allograft with joint preservation

• Custom mega prosthesis

• Modular mega prosthesis

20 YEARS POST OP

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Advantages of mega implants

• Modularity

• Immediate stability

• Durable

• Readily available

• Off the shelf/ no delay for customization

• Efficient reconstruction

Mechanical Complications

Henderson Classification

Type 1.  Soft tissue or instability (ie. skin necrosis, contractures, patella dislocation)

Type 2.  Aseptic Loosening

Type 3.  Structural complications (implant failures)

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Non‐Mechanical Complications

Henderson Classification

• Type 4.  Deep infections

• Type 5.  Local tumor recurrence

Plan

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Pushing the limits

Infection

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Antibiotic impregnated paste

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Proximal tibia replacement

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Total femur replacement

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Periprosthetic fractures

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Locking plate

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Stress riser between implants

• Patients with prior hip arthroplasty and massive distal femoral bone loss

Implant fractures

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Aseptic loosening

Aseptic loosening

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Hydroxyapetite collar

Non oncologic use of knee megaprosthesis

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Stage 1 revision

Extensor mechanism deficiency

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• Bus, van de Sande, Fiocco et al.. Netherlands

• CORR/ MSTS Symposium

• Dec 2015

• What are the Long‐term Results of MUTARS Modular Endoprostheses for Reconstruction of Tumor Resectoin of the Distal Femur and Proximal Tibia?

• 110 reconstructions

• Infection 14%

• Local recurrence 10%

• Structural complication 15% (recommend 12 mm diameter stem or larger)

• 90% successful limb salvage

• Implant failure at 10 yrs20.7%

• Aseptic loosening most common mechanical complication.

• Uncemented HA coated implants reduced aseptic  loosening

• Grimer et al.  Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK

• JBJS June 2016

Bone Joint J 2016; 98‐B: 857‐864

• Very long‐term outcomes after endoprostheticreplacement for malignant tumours of bone

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• 610 procedures

• Mean follow up 30 yrs.

• 49% had revision surgery for aseptic loosening

• 18% still had original prosthesis in at final follow up

• 30 yrs:  16% amputation

• Proximal tibia replacement 43%

• 26% infection

• HA collar virtually resolved aseptic loosening

• Pala, Trovarelli, Calabroet al.

CORR/ MSTS Symposium

University of Bologna, Istituto OrthopedicoRizzoli Bolagna, Italy

May 2014

• Survival of Modern Knee Tumor Megaprostheses:  Failures, Functional Results, and Comparative Statistical Analysis

• 247 GMRS mod oncknees

• Soft tissue failure 8.5%

• Aseptic loosening 5.6%

• Structural failure 0%

• Infection 9.3%

– DFR  8.5%

– PTR  11.6%

• Recurrence 5.6%

• Overall failure:  29.1%

• 70% survival at 4 years

• 58% survival at 8 years

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• Schwab et al.  

• Mass General Hospital

Boston, MA

JBJS 2006

• Patella complications following distal femoral replacement after bone tumor resections

• 35 patella complications

• pain and impingement in 11

• Patella baja in 9 

• Patella fractures in 2

• Patella osteonecrosis in 2

• Patella impingement on tibial polyethylene is a complication of the DFR.  

• Inaccurate restoration of the joint line and soft tissue contracture

• Houdek et al.

• Mayo Clinic

• The Knee 23 (2016) 167‐172.

• Long term outcomes of cemented endoprostheticreconstruction for periarticular tumors of the distal femur

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• 152 patients

• Implant survival

– 5 76%

– 10 63%

– 15 51%

– 20 36%

– 25 yrs 28%

• Limb salvage 93%

• 11 amputations

• Infection incidence 13% leading to 20% amputation incidence

• Zimel et al.

• Memorial Sloan Kettering

New york, NY

CORR (2016) 474: 528‐536.

• Revision Distal Femoral Arthroplasty with the Compress Prosthesis has low rate of mechanical failure at 10 years.

• 27 patients

• Experienced failureofDFR and revised to Compress

• Mechanical failure was 11% failure at 10 years 

• Infection incidence 18% at 5 and 10 years.

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• Angelini et al

CORR (2013) 471: 3326‐3335

University of Bologna, Istituto OrthopedicoRizzoli Bolagna, Italy

• Is there a Role for Knee arthrodesis with Modular Endoprostheses for Tumor and Revision of Failed Endoprostheses?

• 50% SURVIVORSHIP AT 5 YEARS.  

• 32 KNEE MOD ONC

• HIGH COMPLICATION RATE

• INFECTION #1 CAUSE (30%)

• 8/32 had amputation

• Only 1 implant failure

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Future directions

• Infection control:  silver coated implants

• Aseptic loosening:  hydroxyapatite collars

• Periprosthetic fractures: cemented implants or prophylactic cable

• Soft tissue attachments; secure attachment of soft tissue to foam metal or synthetic sleeve