4 bsci pp farm manual english pdf

8/13/2019 4 BSCI PP Farm Manual English PDF

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BSCI PP-04-03/08

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the FTAs authority.

Copyright 2008 by FTA Foreign Trade Association, Brussels

Farm Manual

March 2008

Version 2


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Copyright 2008 The English version is the legally binding one. BSCI PP-04-03/08

Contents

1. The Business Social Compliance Initiative ........................................................................................................ 1

1.1. The BSCI ......................................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2. Benefits for Farmers.................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.3. Objectives and scope of this manual ................................................................................................................. 1

1.3.1. Participants......................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.3.2. Overview of responsibilities ....................................................................................................................... 2

1.4. Basic Principles ................................................................................................................................................................ 3

1.4.1. International Labour Standards and National Labour Regulations ......................................... 3

1.4.2. Internal Social Management System .................................................................................................... 4

1.5. Process Overview............................................................................................................................................................. 5

1.5.1. Awareness Raising Phase............................................................................................................................ 5

1.5.2. Self-Assessment.............................................................................................................................................. 51.5.3. Farm Audit ......................................................................................................................................................... 6

1.5.3.1. Audit Organisation ........................................................................................................................ 6

1.5.3.2. Audit Preparation........................................................................................................................... 7

1.5.3.3. Audit Operation .............................................................................................................................. 7

1.5.4 Farm Audit Report and Assessment ........................................................................................................ 8

1.5.5. Qualification and Implementation Phase............................................................................................. 9

1.5.6. Re-Audit ........................................................................................................................................................... 10

2. Implementation Guideline for BSCI Social Requirements ................................................................... 11

2.1. A. Master Data ........................................................................................................................................................... 11

2.2. B. BSCI Social Requirements ............................................................................................................................. 12

2.2.1. B.1 Management Practice ...................................................................................................................... 12

2.2.2. B.2 Documentation .................................................................................................................................... 13

2.2.3. B.3 Working Time ........................................................................................................................................ 14

2.2.4. B.4 Compensation ....................................................................................................................................... 15

2.2.5. B.5 Child Labour/Young Workers ......................................................................................................... 17

2.2.6. B.6 Forced Labour/Disciplinary Measures/Prisoner Labour .................................................... 19

2.2.7. B.7 Freedom of Association /Collective Bargaining ................................................................... 20

2.2.8. B.8 Discrimination ....................................................................................................................................... 21

2.2.9. B.9 Working Conditions ........................................................................................................................... 22

2.2.10. B.10 Health & Social Facilities ........................................................................................................... 23

2.2.11. B.11 Occupational Health & Safety .................................................................................................. 24

2.2.12. B.12 Dormitories ....................................................................................................................................... 29

2.2.13. B.13 Environment ..................................................................................................................................... 30

Appendix 1 Documentation ........................................................................................................................................... 31

Appendix 2 Warning Signs ............................................................................................................................................. 33


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1. The Business Social Compliance Initiative BSCI

1.1. The BSCI

The Business Social Compliance Initiative (BSCI) is an initiative of retailers, importers and

manufacturers to implement and improve social standards in a sustainable way. The BSCI focuses on

its monitoring system as an ongoing process. Audits are only one mechanism in this monitoring

system, but the key to real and sustainable improvement is acting in partnership with suppliers and

their farms to achieve improvement. The BSCI and its members follow a positive approach and want

to increase suppliers' and farmers' awareness of their social responsibilities and occupational health

and safety issues. The BSCI aims to reward those suppliers who show the willingness to cooperate.

1.2. Benefits for Farms

Quality of working conditions is becoming an important issue all over the world. More and more

consumers, food retailers and importers believe that all workers producing their food should enjoygood working conditions. That includes the workers in the processing unit, but also those people

working on the farms. The BSCI is an initiative aiming to achieve that all suppliers of fresh food

products meet a certain minimum of social standards and working conditions in the processing unit

and on the farms.

An important requirement is the implementation of an internal social management system. The BSCI

expects each supplier company to engage all its farms in the improvement process through specific

procedures and processes. An important question is then: What are the benefits for the farms?

Higher quality and productivity by using good equipment, documentation and planning; Good relations with workers. This will lead to a motivated workforce and higher productivity;

Less accidents and work-related problems; Better relations with local stakeholders and the community; Better competitive position.

The assistance from retail companies and expert service providers associated with the BSCI aims to

achieve sustainable implementation and improvement of social performance for suppliers and farms.

1.3. Objective and Scope of this Manual

This manual aims to specifically support farms that have been asked by the buyer of their products to

fulfil the BSCI Requirements. Of course the information could also be helpful for others, including

supplier companies, retailers, auditing companies and other participants.

The manual provides precise information about the BSCI process and practical solutions regardingwhat is expected of a farm, what requirements they must fulfil and what tasks must be undertaken inthe process.

1.3.1. Participants and responsibilities

Supplier companies

The supplier company usually consists of a processing unit where the product is packaged orprocessed. In some cases the farm(s) are part of the supplier company. In other cases, the farms arefully independent, but have an agreement or contract with the supplier company to provide them withtheir products.

The most important responsibility of the supplier company is to set up an internal social managementsystem to improve working conditions and social standards on all farms supplying products.


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Farms

The regularly supplying contract farms are expected to implement minimum social standards and

working conditions based on the national labour regulations and international labour standards. It is

their responsibility to do their best to comply with these regulations and inform the workers about

their efforts to meet the requirements. The specific expectations are described in this Farm Manual, as

well as in the other BSCI documents. Together, these documents should help farms understand the

requirements.

BSCI Auditing Companies

External BSCI audits are only conducted by those auditing companies and auditors accredited by

Social Accountability International (SAI) who have a general agreement with the BSCI. The auditors

must be of the highest quality and should be prepared to undergo constant training, further education

and accreditation by SAI.

Coaching & Training Partners

The BSCI is a development initiative. Supplier companies and their farms will receive support from

BSCI member companies to implement necessary corrective measures, either from the BSCI member

company directly or through a service provider or consultant. This partnership approach highlights the

positive goals of the BSCI system. The BSCI does not intend to audit without any follow-up. The BSCI

aims to provide a system to assist also farms in achieving sustainable social performance.

BSCI Executive Office

The BSCI Executive Office is located in Brussels and responsible for:

Overall control and project management Development of unified processes and instruments Implementation of procedures and instruments Lobbying work: in political, business and interest group contexts Public relations and communication Convening and organising meetings of the BSCI Members' Board

BSCI Member Companies

Members of the BSCI include European and international retailers, importers, manufacturers and

associations. These are the contract partners of the supplier company. All participating companies

must follow the BSCI procedures and instruments regarding its structure and implementation BSCI.

1.3.2. Overview of responsibilities:

INTERNAL AUDIT

PROCEDURE

BSCI AUDIT

PROCEDURENo. Procedure Tasks of Farms

Tasks of Supplier Company Task of BSCI Auditors

1. Awareness

Raising

Phase

Participation in meeting

about the BSCI

Letter to farms, invitation to

meeting about the BSCI

None

2. Self-

Assessment

Fill in Self-Assessment

(and regularly update)

Support farms with the Self-

Assessment (if necessary with

help of service provider)

None

3. Farm Audit Prepare necessary

documents and information

Conduct audit Conduct audit

4. Farm Report Evaluation of audit results

and discuss with supplier

company

Prepare the Internal Farm

Questionnaire & Report: II

Farm and evaluate and discuss

with farm

Prepare the BSCI Farm

Questionnaire & Report: II Farm

and attach a summary of all

results to the BSCI Social Audit

Report. Request suppliercompany to formulate corrective

actions for critical deviations


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INTERNAL AUDIT

PROCEDURE

BSCI AUDIT

PROCEDURENo. Procedure Tasks of Farms

Tasks of Supplier Company Task of BSCI Auditors

5. Corrective

Action Plan

(CAP)

Implementation of the

Corrective Action Plan(s)

Consult and agree on CAP with

farm and prepare CAP

None

6. Qualification

Phase

Participation in training Implementation of CAP

through training and

assistance (internal or service

provider)

None

7. Farm Re-

Audit

Prepare necessary


Conduct re-audit. Conduct re-audit

8. Social Re-

Audit Report

Evaluation of re-audit

results and discuss with

supplier company

Prepare the Internal

Questionnaire & Report: II

Farm for the Re-Audit and

evaluate and discuss with farm

Prepare the BSCI Questionnaire

& Report: II Farm for the Re-

Audit and attach a summary of

all results to the BSCI Social

Re-Audit Report. Request

supplier company to formulate

corrective actions for critical

deviations on the farm

9. Corrective

Action

Plan(s)

Implementation of

Corrective Action Plan(s)

Consult and agree on CAP with

farm and prepare CAP

None

10. Repetition of

an initial

audit not

later than

three years

after thedate of the

initial audit

Prepare necessary


Process starts again as

indicated above

Process starts again as

indicated above

Tab. 1: Responsibilities in the BSCI procedure

The different procedures and phases in the BSCI process will be explained in detail in the following

chapters.

1.4. Basic Principles

1.4.1. International Standards and National Labour Regulations

The BSCI Code of Conduct specifies the social requirements of the BSCI. These requirements are

based on the core labour standards of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and Declarations of

the United Nations (UN) and cover the following issues:

Working time Salary and other compensation Social security contributions Minimum age of workers Forced labour prohibition Disciplinary measures Freedom of association and collective bargaining Prohibition of discrimination Working conditions Occupational health and safety


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Legal requirements for worker accommodation (dormitories, housing, etc.), if relevant Basic environmental requirements

In addition to the international standards, the BSCI Code of Conduct also specifies that the national

labour regulations in the country of operation have to be followed. In case of doubt, it is always the

stricter regulation that applies.

The BSCI believes that all farms will do the best they can to comply with national labour regulations

and comply with the international regulations. The expectations for each requirement can be found in

this Farm Manual. The BSCI documents can be updated from time to time; it is therefore important to

use the most current version.

1.4.2. Internal Social Management System

An important requirement of the BSCI in primary production is that the supplier company needs to

establish and implement a social management system for the farm(s).

It is essential that the farm supports these efforts of the supplier company to improve social standards

and working conditions. The farm should therefore also demonstrate a commitment to comply with the

BSCI requirements and must be familiar with and support the system.

In addition, the BSCI requires that the farms commitment to implement the BSCI requirements is

available and communicated to all workers on the farm, including temporary and seasonal workers. A

good way of informing the workers is to post the BSCI Code of Conduct or an equivalent document in

the local language(s) on the farm(s) and explain the content to all workers in information meetings or

trainings.

Internal Audit Procedure

The supplier company will need to follow up, measure and analyse the social management system and

the social performance of the farms. Therefore the company is required to perform internal audits onthe farms belonging to the company and farm assessments on the external contract farms. The

supplier company decides which farms to audit and when.

The goal of these audits is to evaluate if the farms are complying with the requirements of the BSCI

Code of Conduct. If there are still some deviations, the supplier company will propose corrective

actions for the farm to implement within a reasonable timeframe. The audits are performed by staff

members of the company. The BSCI provides the internal auditors with the tools to audit and report.

BSCI Audit Procedure

The supplier company itself will also be audited on the requirements of the BSCI Code of Conduct by

an external audit company during an official BSCI Social Audit for Primary Production. In addition toauditing all BSCI requirements in the supplier company and its processing unit, the BSCI auditor will

also check if the company has successfully implemented the social management system for the

contract farms.

For this reason, the BSCI auditor will also audit some farms and check the same requirements, follow

the same procedure and use the same documents. When the auditor compares the results of the

internal audit and the external BSCI audit on the same farm, he or she can conclude if the social

management system of the supplier company is working well.


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1.5. Process Overview

1.5.1. Overview of the BSCI process on the Farm

The figure shows that the farm is part of an on-going social management system with an internalaudit procedure that is managed by the supplier company.

BSCI audits on the farm are only performed to check if the social management system and theinternal audit procedure are functioning properly and to give the supplier company advice how to

improve the social management system and internal audit procedures.

Each phase of the BSCI process is explained below:

1.5.1. Awareness raising phase

The first phase of BSCI implementation is the awareness raising phase. This involves informing the

farms in the BSCI process about the BSCI. The farmers are invited to join BSCI Awareness Raising

Workshops if these are held in the area. If there are none, the supplier company should provide

training for all farms about the BSCI, social standards and working conditions.

1.5.2. Self-Assessment

The second step in the BSCI implementation process is preparing the audit. The Self-Assessment is atool that the farmer can complete with little help and has two purposes. On the one hand it is a tool

Internal Re-Audit

Self-Assessment

Qualification Phase

Successful

Repetition after3 years

Corrective Action

Plan

Not

successful

Farm

Internal Audit BSCI Audit

BSCI Re-AuditCOMPARISON

COMPARISON

Audit CompanySupplier Company

Corrective Action

RequestCOMPARISON

Awareness

Raising Phase

InternalAudit Procedure

BSCIAudit Procedure

Fig. 1: Phases of the BSCI


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for farms to evaluate their own performance with regard to the BSCI Requirements and prepare well

for the audit. It also gives some insight in the main social requirements of the BSCI member

companies. On the other hand the Self-Assessment is a tool that allows the supplier company to

assess the social performance of its farms. The Self-Assessment is also meant as a tool to prepare

both internal and BSCI auditors for the farm audit.

The Self-Assessment is obligatory for all contract farms (including independent ones). The BSCI

provides the documents: Self-Assessment Questionnaire for Primary Production: II Farm (for

commercial farms) and III Smallholder (for small and family farms). A farm that has five or less

workers on a continuous basis is considered a smallholder in the BSCI system. Thus, any farm that

has six or more workers on a continuous basis is considered a regular, commercial farm.

1.5.3. Farm Audit

The farm audit is an important part of the social management system for the supplier company. Even

though an audit only gives an impression of the situation on the moment the audit takes place, the

audit does establish to what extent a farm already meets minimum social standards and other

requirements. In any case, it is the beginning of a continuous process.

The farms will be integrated in the social management system of the supplier company and its internal

audit procedure. Internal farm audits and re-audits will take place continuously, and the supplier

company and its farms are required to work together on a regular basis to organise these audits and

the implementation of the respective corrective actions.

The difference with a BSCI farm audit is that the BSCI auditor only audits between 2 and 10 farms,

depending on the number of farms connected to the supplier company in a regular contractual

relationship, and the follow up and implementation of corrective actions is still managed by the

supplier company.

However, the role of the farms in the farm audits, whether they are internal farm audits or BSCI farm

audits, remains the same. Both the internal farm audit and the BSCI farm audit are based on thesame BSCI Audit Questionnaire & Report: II Farm. Both audits check the exact same requirements

and follow the same procedures. If the farm prepares well for the internal farm audit, this preparation

is also valid for the BSCI farm audit.

1.5.3.1. Audit organisation

Both internal and BSCI farm audits are conducted in a uniform manner, based on the BSCI Audit

Questionnaire & Report for Primary Production: II Farm. This ensures fair treatment of all farms and

at the same time ensures that the quality of the audit remains at a consistent high level.

The BSCI Audit Questionnaire & Report: II Farm is divided in the following parts:

Part A: Recording Master Data: business and master data of farm

Part B: BSCI Audit: Recording and evaluation of compliance with minimum social and environmental

requirements on the farm.

The internal farm audits are performed by qualified staff of the supplier company (or external expertshired by the company). The BSCI audits are performed by SAI accredited auditing companies andtheir auditors.

The supplier company is required to internally audit or assess two times the square root of the total

number of regularly supplying contract farms connected to the company per year. The company will

decide which farms it will audit first, and make the appointments with the farms to prepare, schedule

and perform the audits.

The BSCI auditor has to audit 10% of the total number of contract farms (with a minimum of 2 and a

maximum of 10 farms) during the BSCI farm audit. He or she will choose from a list of farms. These


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will most likely be farms that have been audited already, so that the BSCI auditor has an Internal

Farm Report to use as a preparation. The BSCI auditor will inform the supplier company in advance

which farms will be audited. This means that the farms have time to prepare the BSCI audit together

with the supplier company.

The duration of an audit depends on the location, size and number of workers on the farm. However,the minimum time for an audit is half a day. The internal and BSCI auditors will discuss the exact

duration with the farm before the audit.

1.5.3.2. Audit preparation

To save time and money for all involved, farms should prepare themselves for the internal and BSCI

farm audit. The following steps need to be taken for the audit:

1. Read and understand this manual.2. Perform a Self-Assessment based on the BSCI-Self-Assessment Questionnaire for Primary

Production: II Farm or III Smallholder.

3. Determine whether there are deviations from the requirements of the BSCI Self-Assessmentand chapter 2 of this manual, and the nature of the deviations.

4. Correct these deviations wherever possible before the date of the audit and participate inactivities or trainings offered by the supplier company.

5. Provide the auditing company immediately with any information that they request.6. Prepare the people responsible for the relevant areas for the audit in advance (human

resources, accounting, health and safety, environment, etc.). Explain to them what

preparations they must make and what information is expected from them.

7. Make sure that these responsible persons are available to the auditors during the audit.8. Keep the required documents listed on hand during the audit.9. Provide the auditors with a separate room if possible.

1.5.3.3. Audit Operation

Both the internal farm audit and the BSCI farm audit have to be conducted systematically and

uniformly and the auditors must act in full neutrality. An audit must always be complete.

Every farm audit consists of the following elements: i) introductory meeting and interview with farm

management, ii) examination of farm documents, iii) farm inspection, iv) interview with workers of the

farm, and v) review with farm management.

Opening Meeting

The opening meeting enables the participants to introduce themselves, and to clarify the framework of

the audit:

Audit procedure and estimated duration Who should be available for the audit and why Which documents will be examined Discussion of any outstanding questions

In the case of a BSCI farm audit, the auditor will ask the management to sign the Declaration of

Consent with the following contents:

The auditor is permitted to take photos. The auditor is permitted to interview all workers. Data may be registered and stored in a database. These data may be disclosed to third parties within the framework of the BSCI.

The Declaration of Consent is necessary to clarify the legal situation of the farm and BSCI auditors.

Interview with management


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The auditor will begin to ask the management of the farm a series of questions during the opening

meeting, particularly regarding the commitment of the farm and the available documentation. During

the audit, it may be necessary to clarify various matters between the auditor and management more

than once.

Inspection of documents

Numerous official farm documents have to be examined and checked during the course of a farm audit

to assess whether the farm complies with the requirements of the BSCI Code of Conduct. In appendix

2 of this Farm Manual you find an accurate overview of all documents required during the internal and

BSCI audit of a farm. Twelve months of documentation must be available for the auditor to inspect. It

is important that the farm documents are either available on the farm or centralized at the processing

unit.

Site inspection

The following areas are checked and assessed during the inspections on the farm(s):

Fire protection equipment Crop protection and chemical storage Emergency and accident procedures and their marking/signposting Health and safety relevant issues: equipment, personnel, training, etc. Machine safety and electrical equipment Climate and weather influence on working conditions General cleanliness and hygiene Sanitary facilities (toilets, washrooms, drinking water facilities) Required social amenities e.g. first-aid kits, eating area, coffee/tea making area, etc. Dormitories/housing, if provided to worker

Interviews with workers

One component of the audit process is interviewing workers inside and/or outside the farm. These

interviews are for the purpose of assessing matters which cannot be properly found by means ofdocuments, site inspection, or management interviews alone.

Anonymity must be guaranteed. That means that the workers to be interviewed must be selected

without the knowledge or influence of management. The workers interviewed enjoy special protection.

Any influence on workers before the interview, or any disadvantages for workers who have been

interviewed will lead to a negative audit result, a non-valid audit, and in the worst case, termination of

the business relationship between the supplier company and the farm.

Closing Meeting

At the end of each audit, a final discussion is to be held with the management.

In the case of a BSCI farm audit, the auditor will simply present the results and ask the suppliercompany to propose corrective actions if these are necessary. This would require a follow-up meeting

with the supplier company.

In the case of an internal farm audit (and after a BSCI audit), the supplier company will evaluate and

discuss the results of the audit and propose corrective actions in the form of a Corrective Action Plan

(CAP). A time limit must be set for implementation of each corrective action with a maximum of 12

months.

1.5.4. Farm Audit Report

After both the internal farm audit and the BSCI farm audit, the internal/BSCI auditors will fill out the

full Farm Questionnaire & Report. This report is then submitted to the supplier company, and in some

cases also to the BSCI member company. This copy is needed for planning of training and qualification

measures.


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The Farm Audit Report is an important document for the farm. It includes the assessment of the audit,

and indicates the compulsory corrective action(s) to be implemented (Part B of the Questionnaire

BSCI Social Requirements). The following parts are particularly important for assessment of the

Social Audit Report.

Each section will be given an assessment. The assessments and their meanings are listed below:Assessment Interpretation

2 Good

No deviation from BSCI Social Requirementsor Minor deviations from

BSCI Social Requirements, but full protection of workers is observed:

There is no significant deviation from the requirements.

The auditor can assess an audit result with good, if there are not more than

two deviations in non-crucial points, if there is no immediate danger to

workers and if there are no systematic faults. (Crucial points are marked in

the BSCI Audit Questionnaire & Report with a double frame.)

1 Improvements Needed

Deviations in less than half of the requirements and not in crucial points:

Fulfilment of at least half the audit points. There are no deviations in crucial

points. (Crucial points are marked in the BSCI Audit Questionnaire & Report

with double frame.)

0 Critical

Deviations in the majority of requirements and/or in crucial points:

The requirements are not fulfilled in more that half the points, and/or not

fulfilled in crucial points. (Crucial points are marked in the BSCI Audit

Questionnaire & Report with a double frame.)

NA Not ApplicableRequirements do not match to the farm structure:

The requirements are not relevant with respect to the structure of the farm.

Tab. 2: Scoring of Sections in Part B of BSCI Audit Questionnaire & Report

The overall assessment of the farms social performance is established as follows: the worst result forany section determines the audit result for Part B. This means that if the assessment Critical was

given in one section of the questionnaire, the overall result for entire Part B is Critical.

Similarly, if the assessment Improvement Needed is given in only one section, despite Good

assessments for all other sections, the overall result will be Improvements Needed.

The Remarks section of the Social Audit Report allows the auditor room to make positive and/or

negative comments and remarks about matters considered important and worthy of mention. Photos

of the farm are also attached to the Report.

Corrective Action Plan (CAP) BSCI Social Requirements (Part B of the BSCI Audit Questionnaire)

The completed Farm Questionnaire & Report is followed by a Corrective Action Plan (CAP) thatincludes the corrective actions suggested by the auditor at the final audit meeting. It serves as the

basis for the qualification and implementation phase. The CAP records which measures must be

implemented and the time frame allowed for each corrective action. The CAP is agreed and discussed

directly between the supplier company and the farm. TheCAP should consider the following principles

when deciding on the timeframe for implementation:

Corrective actions which prevent or reduce immediate danger to workers and/or the farm mustbe carried out as soon as possible.

Next, corrective actions should be implemented that require little effort and can be realised withthe available resources.

All other corrective actions then follow. Set realistic time frames (implementation measures should neither be unnecessarily delayed,

nor expected in an unreasonably short period).


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1.5.5. Qualification and Implementation Phase

The qualification phase serves two purposes: (1) finding the reasons for a farm's deviations with the

BSCI requirements and (2) implementing the Corrective Action Plan within the agreed time frame. The

BSCI member company will support the supplier company and assist in the qualification process if this

proves to be necessary. This support may range from controlling and coaching to training measures.

Implementation of corrective actions can be a difficult process. Therefore, any measures for

implementing improvements and corrections should be well thought out, practicable and well

structured to avoid causing unnecessary difficulties for the audited farms and its workers.

Farm management should analyse each individual deviation listed in the CAP together with the

responsible workers from the specific operational level. The causes of the problems should be

evaluated and possible solutions discussed.

The plan of corrective action shall focus on the feasibility and the defined time limit agreed upon in the

audit. Any plan of action should always include the following parts:

Definition of problems Potential solutions Definition of responsible workers and other workers involved Time limits for corrective actions Monitoring activities

The supplier company should also make sure if the know-how is available on the farm to implement

necessary changes. The best plan of action for to solve a problem is of no use if the farm does not

have the necessary competent personnel available to carry it out. If the farm cannot solve the

problem in co-operation with the supplier company, it could be helpful to contact the BSCI member

company or external service providers (consultants) for advice.

1.5.6. Farm Re-Audit

If the social performance of a company is assessed with a mark of Improvements Needed or

Critical in a farm audit (initial audit or re-audit), it is necessary to conduct a farm re-audit. After the

required corrective actions have been implemented or the time limit specified in the CAP elapsed, a

farm re-audit is required. Re-audits, in any case, must take place within twelve months after the initial

audit (calculated from date of the failed audit). An internal farm re-audit will be initiated by the

supplier company. A BSCI farm re-audit will be initiated between the BSCI member and the supplier

company.

The re-audit procedure is same as the initial audit procedure described above. The internal farm re-

audit covers all areas where deviations have been determined in the initial or previous farm audit and

is performed by an internal auditor. The BSCI re-audit covers only those farms that had critical

deviations and is performed by a BSCI auditor.

The implementation of necessary corrective actions recorded in the CAP and the completed Farm

Questionnaire & Report is checked. If the auditor notices new and/or additional deviations, they will be

analysed and included in the farm re-audit assessment and in the CAP. All corrective actions should be

implemented by the time the re-audit order is placed.


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Copyright 2008 The English version is the legally binding one.

2. Implementation Guideline for BSCI Social Requirements

2.1. A. Master Data

2.1.1. FARM DATA

Requirements Expectations Implementation

Transparency The farms shall provide the internal

and BSCI auditors with the

necessary information and data

regarding the farms structure and

activities.

Prepare part A of the BSCI Self-

Assessment Questionnaire: II Farm (six or

more workers on a continuous basis) or III

Smallholder (five or less workers on a

continuous basis). This part includes

questions about:

Basic farm information Farm certificates Internal audits Farm structure, production and capacity Farm size Dormitories (if applicable) Employment on the farmMake sure that the correct Self-

Assessment is complete and available

during the audit. If help is needed, contact

the supplier company for more

information.


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2.2. B. BSCI Social Requirements

2.2.1. B.1 MANAGEMENT PRACTICE

Requirements Expectations Implementation Commitment The farms shall commit themselves

to good working conditions and

social standards for all workers.

Read and understand the BSCI Code of

Conduct and the Farm Manual.

Inform all workers about the farms

commitment to the BSCI Requirements

and provide them with the Code of

Conduct (in the local language).

Define responsible person(s) to implement

the BSCI Requirements on the farm.

Compliance The farms must be aware of and

comply with national labour

regulations.

Screen all national labour regulations and

check if the farm complies with them.

Inform the responsible person(s) about the

national labour regulations, the BSCI

Requirements and provide them with the

BSCI Code of Conduct (in the local

language).

Communication The farms shall communicate in a

positive way with all workers.

Organise at least two meetings per year

to exchange information between

management and workers.

Provide a complaint mechanism for

workers to address their concerns and help

them find solutions.


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2.2.2. B.2 DOCUMENTATION


Documentation The farms shall provide all

documents concerning the BSCI

requirements to the auditor.

Please refer to appendix 1of this

Farm Manual for a list of required

documents

Keep the documents in a proper and

systematic way.

Ensure that the documents are valid and

represent the real status of the farm.

All documents shall be kept for the period

required by law with a minimum of 12

months.


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2.2.3. B.3 WORKING TIME


Working Time The farm shall respect the national

labour regulations and internationalstandards with respect to working

time.

Screen all national labour regulations with

regard to working time and check if thefarm complies with them.

Ensure that the regular working time on th

farm is not more than 48 hours per week.

Check if the working time on the farm

corresponds to the Time Record System.

Check if the working time on the farm

corresponds to the local regulations or

collective bargaining agreements.

Provide all workers with at least one free

day after six days of working.

Overtime The farm shall respect the national

labour regulations and international

standards with respect to overtime.


regard to overtime and check if the farm

complies with them.

Ensure that overtime on the farm is not

more than 12 hours per week on a regular

basis.

If additional overtime hours are necessary

during harvest periods:

1) The overtime must only be necessary iexceptional circumstances.

2) All workers must agree to overtime.3) The farm can have only two exceptiona

periods per year.

4) The farm must make sure that theaverage hours in the two-month period

after the start of harvest is still 60

hours per week.


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2.2.3. B.3 WORKING TIME (continued)


Overtime Ensure that workers only work overtime

and holidays on an exceptional andvoluntary basis or on the basis of collective

bargaining agreements.

Information The farm shall inform all workers

about the national labour regulations

and international standards with

regard to working time.

Inform the workers about their rights with

regard to working time in an information

meeting.

2.2.4. B.4 COMPENSATION


Legal Minimum

Wage

The farm shall respect the national

labour regulations with regard to

minimum wage.


regard to the minimum wage and check if the

farm complies with those.

Check if the minimum wage on the farm



Determine if all workers, including those paid

per task or amount, receive the minimum

wage. If not, adjust payments accordingly.

Overtime

Compensation

The farm must pay overtime hours

at the individual hourly rate and at

least with the legal overtime

premium.


regard to the payment of overtime hours and

check if the farm complies with those.

Check if the payment of overtime hours



Determine if all workers receive at least the

required hourly overtime rate and premium.

If not, adjust payments.


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2.2.4. B.4 COMPENSATION (continued)


Payment The farm shall pay the workers on

a regular basis. The wage must bein accordance with the respective

payslips and paid in monetary

value.

All workers must be paid on a regular basis

according to their contracts or the nationallabour regulations.

The wages must be paid in monetary value

(for example cash, cheque or bank transfer).

All deductions must be clearly stated on the

payslips and must be legal and fair.

Ensure that the actual payments to the

workers cover the exact amount as stated on

the payslips.

Paid leave and

benefits

The farm shall provide all workers

with paid leave and benefits

according to the national labour

regulations.


regard to paid leave and benefits and check i

the farm complies with those (for example

maternity leave and benefits, sick leave and

(religious) holidays).

Check if the farm provides any additional

social benefits to the workers (meals,

trainings, school programmes, etc.)

Information The farm shall inform all workers

about the national labour

regulations and international

standards with regard to

compensation.

Inform the workers about their rights with

regard to compensation in:

1) Working contracts2) Information meetings


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2.2.5. B.5 CHILD LABOUR / YOUNG WORKERS


Child Labour The farm shall not employ any

children under the age of 15.

If the legal minimum age for work

is higher than 15 years, the higher

age applies.

If the legal age for mandatory

schooling is higher than 15 years,

the higher age applies.

In some developing countries, the

minimum age for employment may

be 14 according to ILO Convention

138.

In the case of small or family

farms, children in the family or

community are allowed to help on

the farm and perform light work.


regard to child labour and check if the farmcomplies with those.

Employ only workers who are at least at or

above the applicable minimum age.

Keep records of proof of age for all workers,

including temporary or seasonal workers (see

B.2 Documentation).

Ensure that children helping on the farm

perform only light work, that they go to

school during school hours and that their

tasks are not harmful for their health, safety

or development.

Education Children and young workers are not

allowed to work during school hours

if they are subject to mandatory

schooling.

The combined hours of daily

transport, school and work time

may not take more than 10 hours

each day for children and youngworkers attending school.

The farm shall ensure that all

children living on the farm have

access to primary education.


regard to mandatory schooling and check if

the farm complies with those.

Determine if all children and young workers

on the farm who should legally attend school

are doing so during regular school hours.

Determine if the combined hours of

transport, school and work time are not more

than 10 hours per day.

Help all children living on the farm to go to

school, for example by providing transport to

regional schools or by providing a school on

the farm.


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2.2.5. B.5 CHILD LABOUR / YOUNG WORKERS (continued)


Young Workers The farm shall ensure that the work

performed by young workers

(younger than 18 years) is not

hazardous, unsafe, unhealthy,

exploitative or socially harmful.


regard to young workers and check if the


Determine if young workers are working on

the farm, the type of work they do and their

education and training.

Ensure that young workers are not exposed

to risky and hazardous working situations

and offer the appropriate protection against

unsafe and unhealthy conditions.

Apprentices The farm must ensure that it

follows the national labour

regulations for apprenticeship.

Determine if apprentices are working on the

farm, what type of work they do and the

education or training they are currently

involved in.

Determine if it is assured that all national

labour regulations with regard to

apprenticeship are followed, including an

educational programme, theoretical lessons,

working hours, wages, health and safety, etc

Remediation If there is child labour on the farm,

the farm has to take responsibility

for these children. Child workers

who have to be dismissed because

of age (or their families) shall

receive support to enable the

children to attend school until they

are no longer a child.

If children have to be dismissed, prepare a

remediation plan including school attendance

of the children and financial support of the

childrens families. Work with that

remediation plan.


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2.2.6. B.6 FORCED LABOUR / DISCIPLINARY MEASURES / PRISONER LABOUR


Forced Labour The farm shall not make use of

forced labour, including bondedlabour.


regard to forced and bonded labour andcheck if the farm complies with those.

Enable workers to leave the farm after work.

Make sure that security guards do not put

pressure on the workers.

Allow workers to terminate their jobs and

leave the farm without punishment as long a

they respect their contracts or the farm rules

Do not keep original documents of workers

(for example ID card or birth certificate) on

the farm without clear permission from the

workers and do not ask the workers for

monetary deposits.

Ensure that your workers are not forced to

work under threat of penalties, violence or

sanctions by others.

Disciplinary

Measures

The farm may not use physical or

mental force as disciplinary

measures against workers.

Ensure that all workers, especially those who

are in superior functions or security jobs, are

aware that putting physical or mental

pressure on the workers is forbidden on the

farm.

Prisoner Labour

(if applicable)

The farm must guarantee that

prisoners are not exploited or their

human dignity violated.


regard to prisoner labour and check if the


Determine if prisoners are working on the

farm.


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2.2.7. B.7 FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING


Freedom of

Association and theRight to Collective

Bargaining

The farm shall recognise and

respect the workers rights tofreedom of association and

collective bargaining without

interference.


regard to freedom of association andcollective bargaining.

Allow the worker to join, found and take

action in free and independent workers

organisations (including trade unions) and

negotiate collectively.

In countries, where some or all aspects of

workers rights to freedom of association and

collective bargaining are restricted or

prohibited by law, farms shall allow workers

to find other ways to express their concerns(for example in information meetings or with

a complaint mechanism).

Enable workers representatives to conduct

their operations as long as their activities are

in conformity with the national labour

regulations and collective agreements.

Accept workers representatives and their

activities and give them the necessary

protection on the farm.

Information The farm shall inform all workersabout the national labour

regulations and international

standards with regard to freedom

of association and collective

bargaining.

Inform the workers about their rights withregard to freedom of association and

collective bargaining in information meetings

Inform the workers about the workers

organizations present on the farm and the

names of the representatives.


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2.2.8. B.8 DISCRIMINATION


Discrimination The farm shall treat all workers

alike, regardless of their personal

characteristics.

All workers, including temporary

and seasonal workers, must haveequal access to jobs and training

based on their qualifications.


regard to discrimination and check if the farm

complies with those.

Make sure that workers are not discriminated

based on personal characteristics like age,

caste, disability, ethnic and national origin,

gender, membership in workers

organisations, political affiliation, race,

religion, sexual orientation or social

background.

Ensure that you follow the same rules for

employment, overtime, compensation,promotion, etc. for all workers.

Employ, promote and pay workers based only

on their skills and ability to do the job.

Questions about pregnancy and contraceptio

are not allowed as a condition to work.

Pregnant workers may not be mistreated or

fired because they are pregnant.

Threats, abuse or

harassment

The farm must make sure that

verbal, physical, psychological and

sexual threats, abuse orharassment are strictly forbidden.

Set clear rules and sanctions for any form of

threat, abuse or harassment and

communicate those rules to all workers,including management and security

personnel.

If there are complaints of threats, abuse or

harassment, ensure that these complaints

are treated seriously and confidentially.


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2.2.9. B.9 WORKING CONDITIONS


Working Conditions The farm shall ensure that the

overall conditions in the working

area or farm facilities are

acceptable.

Screen the national labour regulations with

regard to working conditions and check if the


The working conditions must be hygienic and

safe in all areas where workers perform their

tasks, including fields, orchards, greenhouses

and other facilities.

Climate Conditions The farm must consider the climate

and other conditions when deciding

on working hours and locations to

avoid health or safety risks for the

workers.

The farm should consider the climate when

deciding on working hours and locations,

particularly when the climate can have

negative effects on the health (and safety) of

workers (for example during tropical storms

or extreme heath).

The effects of religious holidays should also

be considered (for example during

Ramadan).

Workplace

Conditions

All facilities including office, storage

space (refrigerator units), other

work sites, rest rooms, first aid

rooms and canteen must be kept

clean, in accordance with local

hygiene standards.

Clean the facilities, offices, rest rooms and

canteens regularly.

Install containers in an appropriate number.

Containers must be suitable for the

respective types of waste.

Define a time frame for cleaning and waste

disposal (e.g. every day at 10 a.m., every

two hours during work time, etc.).


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2.2.10. B.10 HEALTH & SOCIAL FACILITIES


First Aid The farm shall make sure that first

aid treatment is always available in

case of an accident or emergency.

Place first aid kits at all work places,

including farm facilities and outdoor working

areas (for example fields, greenhouses, etc.)

and inform workers about their locations.

Define a person responsible for maintenance

of the first aid kits.

Provide first aid training for workers and

ensure that there is always a trained worker

at the work place.

Drinking Water The farm must provide workers

with drinking water during working

hours. Drinking water must be

provided free of charge.

Provide drinking water freely accessible in all

farm facilities and outdoor working areas (for

example fields, greenhouses, etc.).

Cooking and Eating

Facilities

The farm shall provide the workers

with clean food storing and dining

facilities.

Provide separate and clean rooms or

canteens where workers can cook, store food

and enjoy their meals.

Ensure enough space for all workers.

Sanitary Facilities The farm shall provide the workers

with the following facilities:

Hand washing equipment Toilets Washing facilities Changing rooms

Provide enough hand washing equipment,

toilets, washing facilities and changing rooms

for all workers (incl. seasonal workers in pea

season).

Clean toilets, washing facilities and changing

rooms on a regular basis.Ensure that toilets, washing facilities and

changing rooms are lockable or separated for

men and women.

If you provide transportation for workers,

make sure it is appropriate and safe.


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2.2.11. B.11 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY


Risk Assessment The farm shall provide all workers

with a safe, healthy and clean

working environment.

Screen the national labour regulations

regarding occupational health & safety and

check if the farm complies with those.

Screen the potential hazards and risks in the

working environment. A hazard is anything

that can cause harm:

Machinery Chemicals Crop protection products Electricity Fire Climate, etc.A risk is the chance, high or low, thatsomeone will be harmed by a hazard.

Determine who might be harmed (for

example young workers or women).

Evaluate whether the existing measures

provide enough protection.

Include general health risks in the risk

assessment, including but not limited to

TB, malaria, tropical diseases or HIV/Aids.

Training The farm shall train all workers,

including temporary or seasonal

workers, on how to perform their

tasks in a safe and healthy way.

Give new workers clear descriptions and

instructions regarding their tasks before they

start working on the farm.

Train all workers in the use of personal

protective equipment.

Give all workers basic hygiene training,

including hand cleaning, skin cuts, smoking,

eating and drinking only in certain areas, etc


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2.2.11. B.11 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY (continued)


Train all workers in emergency and accident

procedures and fire prevention

Train enough workers in first aid. The training

must be conducted by qualified trainers.

Participants shall get a certificate after the

course.

Ensure that the workers who work with

chemicals, disinfectants, crop protection

products, biocides, waxes or other dangerous

materials have certificates and/or training

records.

Personal Protective

Equipment

The farm must provide all workers

with personal protective equipmentappropriate to their tasks.

Appropriate protective equipment

must be functional and provided

free of charge.

Evaluate which protective equipment is

required in the national labour regulationsand appropriate according to the hazards and

risks on the farm (for example gloves,

masks, protective clothing etc.).

Make sure that the workers use the

protective equipment according to the

instructions of the manufacturer or label.

Keep personal protective equipment and

clothing clean and in good condition and

store it separately from crop protection

products.

Accident andEmergency

Procedures

The farm shall implementprocedures to minimise the risk of

emergencies or accidents.

Prepare signs and warnings and post them inthe local language or pictographs to remind

the workers of potential hazards and what to

do in case of emergency. Please refer to

Appendix 2 Warning Signsas examples.


28/38




Make sure that the signs are clearly visible

and well understood by all workers.

Implement emergency and accident

procedures that result from the risk

assessment.

Make sure that visitors are aware of what to

do in case of an accident or emergency.

Crop Protection

Products and

Chemicals

The farm must ensure that crop

protection products and chemicals

are handled properly and with care.

Define the workers who are responsible for

handling crop protection products and

chemicals (including solvents).

Train the workers handling crop protection

products and chemicals in how to use andhandle these products according to the

instructions of the manufacturer.

Give all workers handling crop protection

products and chemicals the opportunity to

have voluntary health checks.

Limit keys and access to the storage rooms

for crop protection products and chemicals to

workers who are trained and allowed to

handle those products.

Keep records of all crop protection products

and chemicals received, used and distributed

on the farm.

Allow quick and easy identification of the

content of crop protection products and

chemicals containers by labelling them in the

language(s) of the workers handling them.


29/38




Ask your suppliers to provide you with

sufficient information and appropriate safety

measures for the crop protection products

and chemicals, including Material Safety Data

Sheets (MSDS) or equivalent information.

Keep application equipment in good

condition.

Ensure that workers use the correct

procedures when working with crop

protection products and chemicals.

Provide safe facilities for mixing crop

protection products and chemicals.

Store crop protection products and chemicals

in their original package, and make sure the

storage room is lit, fire-resistant, cool, dry,

ventilated and separate from other materials

Ensure that empty containers are not re-

used.

Electricity The farm shall make sure that all

electrical installations are safe to

use.

Check if all electrical installations (for

example fuse boxes) are properly installed,

maintained and protected.

Post high voltage signs near electricalinstallations (please refer toAppendix 2 -

Warning Signsfor examples).

Allow only workers certified or trained to

work with electricity to have access to

electrical installations and perform repairs.


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Machine and

Vehicle Safety

The farm must ensure that all

machines and vehicles are used in

a safe way.

Check if all machines are properly installed

and maintained according to instructions of

the manufacturer.

Check if all vehicles are in good condition and

properly maintained.

Post warning signs near machinery (please

refer toAppendix 2 Warning Signsfor

examples).

Allow only qualified and trained workers to

operate machinery and allow only workers

with the necessary valid drivers license(s) to

operate vehicles.

Fire Protection The farm shall take protective

measures to prevent and handle

fire.

Evaluate for each different working area wha

kind of fire fighting equipment is necessary:

Fire extinguishers Fire-fighting hoses Sand and hydrants Sprinkler systems etc.Ensure that the fire fighting equipment is

functional, placed accessibly and is regularly

maintained.

Instruct and train workers on the use of fire

fighting equipment and the procedures to

follow in case of fire.


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2.2.12. B.12 DORMITORIES


Dormitories If workers live in dormitories

provided by the farm (on- or off

site), the farm must provide an

adequate number of housing units

of reasonable size.

The level of safety and health

standards for dormitories must be

equal to the level in the work place

(please refer to section B.9 to

B.11).

Screen the national labour regulations

regarding dormitories and accommodation

and check if the farm complies with those.

Separate dormitories from production and

storage areas.

Allow workers to enter and leave the

dormitories and farm premises at any time.

Ensure that dormitories are clean, safe and

adequately lit.

Keep the room temperature at an acceptablelevel.

Provide enough individual space for each

person.

Provide enough toilets and washing facilities.

Separate sleeping quarters, toilets and

washing facilities between men and women.

Provide clean drinking water for the workers

living in the dormitories.

Make sure there are enough unblocked and

clearly marked emergency exits.

Provide fire fighting equipment appropriate

for the size and room.


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2.2.13. B.13 ENVIRONMENT


Environment The farm shall minimize potentially

harmful effects of its activities to

the environment or to the health

and safety of workers.

The farm must follow national

regulations regarding

environmental matters.

Screen national laws and regulations

regarding the environment and check if the


Dispose (chemical) waste as set by national

regulations referring to the kind of waste.

Store (chemical) waste in a way that the

environment the workers cannot be harmed.

Keep dangerous and hazardous (chemical)

waste in suitable closed tanks and containers

to avoid leaking and contamination.

Ensure that empty containers and vessels

that previously contained chemicals or crop

protection products are made unusable.

Inform workers about the storage places of

hazardous chemicals and crop protection

products and mark the respective areas

accordingly with warning signs (please refer

toAppendix 2 - Warning Signs).

Ensure that chemicals and crop protection

products are not mixed with other waste.

Collect oils by an oil separator, and greases

by a grease separator.

Follow waste water procedures as set by

national regulations before discharging it to

the environment.

Ensure that the emission of gasses is within

legal limits.


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31


APPENDIX 1 DOCUMENTATION

Documents Questionnaire

1.Copies of official documents on legal status, farm name(s), year of foundation

A

2.List of valid certificates of social, quality, environmental and management

standards, including copies of the certificates

B.1

3.List of valid audit reports of social, quality, environmental and management

standards, including copies of the audit reports

B.1

4.Documentation of information meetings or trainings conducted to inform workers

about the BSCI Code of Conduct.

B.1

5.Documentation of responsibility for implementation of and checking compliance with

the BSCI Code of Conduct on the farm

B.1

6. Records from regular communication meetings, their content and participants B.17. Records from complaints and solutions B.18. Personal records for all workers, including temporary and seasonal workers B.29. Documentation of age for all workers (ID card, birth/school certificate, etc.) B.210. Working contracts for all workers B.211. Working time recording system B.212. Payslips for all workers B.213. Evidence of salary payment (signed wage lists, bank statements, vouchers, etc.) B.214. Evidence of payment to social funds B.215. Copies of local regulations or collective bargaining agreements B.216.

Documentation of national labour regulations on working time, overtime and weeklyrest days B.3

17. Copies of local regulations or collective bargaining agreements on working time B.318. Records from information meetings and participants B.319. Documentation of national labour regulations on compensation, paid leave and

benefits

B.4

20. Copies of local regulations or collective bargaining agreements on compensation B.421. Calculation documents for determining productivity or task rates B.422. Documentation of payment periods and the type of payment B.423. Calculation documents for determining the deductions of wages B.424. List of official holidays B.425. Records on legal benefits (incl. pregnancy leave and benefits, sickness leave and

holidays) and additional benefits

B.4

26. Documentation of provisions of the contracts about compensation B.427. Records from information meetings and participants B.428. Documentation of national labour regulations on minimum age and young workers B.529. Records from special trainings or measures to protect children and young workers B.530. Child Labour Record Sheet (if necessary) B.531. Documentation of school programme and annual plan for school holidays (in case of

apprentices and/or young workers)

B.5

32. Documentation of national labour regulations on forced labour, prison labour anddisciplinary measures B.6


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32


Documents Questionnaire

33. Documentation of national labour regulations on freedom of association andcollective bargaining

B.7

34. Minutes of meetings and records of written agreements with workers'representatives

B.7

35. Records from information meetings and participants B.736. Documentation of national labour regulations on discrimination B.837. Documentation of rules and sanctions to prevent and stop any form of threats,

abuse or harassment

B.8

38. Records on complaints regarding threats, abuse or harassment B.839. Documentation of national labour regulations on worker health & safety B.940. Records on exceptional working hours during specific periods (climate or holiday) B.941. Records on cleaning of facilities and timeframe for cleaning and waste B.942. Documentation of national labour regulations on health and social facilities B.1043. Records on maintenance of first aid kits B.1044. Records on quality of drinking water B.1045. Documentation of national labour regulations on worker health and safety B.1146. Documentation of risk analysis and measures with regard to health, safety and

hygiene

B.11

47. Documentation of conducted trainings on health and safety, hygiene, personalprotective equipment and first aid with names, positions and dates of training

conducted by qualified trainers

B.11

48. Documentation of conducted trainings for workers handling and or administeringchemicals, crop protection products, etc. with names, positions and dates of training

conducted by qualified trainers

B.11

49. Documentation of those workers operating chemicals and crop protection product(and document who has access to chemical product stores)

B.11

50. Records of receipt, use, withdrawal and disposal of chemicals and crop protectionproducts (including presentation of Material Safety Data Sheets MSDS)

B.11

51. Record of the number of accidents including the source of the accidents, the type ofaccidents, the dates, the damages and indication of harmed persons

B.11

52. Proof that workers working with electrical installation are qualified B.1153. Inspection reports and maintenance records for dangerous machines and electrical

equipment

B.11

54. Operating and safety instructions for machines, equipment and workplaces B.1155. Drivers licences for vehicles B.1156. Documentation of national labour regulations on dormitories and worker

accommodation

B.12

57. Documentation of national labour regulations and official approval on environment B.13


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33


APPENDIX 2 WARNING SIGNS (referring to chapter B.11)

Source of danger Danger of slipping Danger of falling Danger of tripping

(black on yellow) (black on yellow) (black on yellow) (black on yellow)

Danger of crushing Danger from Danger from Danger of

(black on yellow) suspended loads industrial trucks hand injury

(black on yellow) (black on yellow) (black on yellow)

Danger from Danger from Danger from cold Danger from

milling automatic start (black on yellow) hot surfaces


Danger from Danger from electromagnetic Danger from Danger from

batteries radiation laser radiation radioactivity

(black on yellow) (black on yellow) (black on yellow) (black on yellow)

Fig. II.1: Danger warning signs


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34


Wear hard hat (helmet) Wear hearing protection Wear respiratory protection

(white on blue) (white on blue) (white on blue)

Wear protective glasses Wear face protection Wear protective gloves


Use safety harness Wear protective shoes Wear protective clothing


Fig. II.2: Signs giving instructions for wearing protective clothing

Toxic substances Substances hazardous Caustic substances!

(black on yellow) to health (black on yellow)

(black on yellow)

Fig. II.3: Warning signs to mark chemical hazards


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35


Toxic Hazardous to health Caustic Environmentally hazardous

(black on orange) (black on orange) (black on orange) (black on orange)

Explosive Highly flammable Promotes fires

(black on orange) (black on orange) (black on orange)

Fig. II.4: Markings for labelling tanks/containers with chemical substances

Warning of Pull out connector Disconnect before

electrical voltage before opening the equipment doing electrical work

(black on yellow) (white on blue) (white on blue)

Do not touch Do not extinguish Do not switch on.

Electrically live surface with water Work in progress

(red on white) (red on white) on electrical equipment

(red on white)

Fig.II.5: Marking of electrical hazard sources


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36

Fire hazard Fire promoting materials Explosion hazard


Fig.II.6: Marking for fire protection

Escape routes Emergency exits Emergency assembly points

(with on green) (with on green) (with on green)

Fig.II.7: Signs marking escape routes, emergency exits and emergency assembly points