Cajipe, Jean Mikee P.CC1Prof. Jillian RaquidActivity #4Venipuncture using Syringe Method

Study Questions1. What are the indications for the use of syringe method?

2. What are the basic parts of a syringe system?

3. Enumerate at least 5 precautionary measures or reminders on the use of syringe system for blood sample collection.

Illustrations: Step by step procedure on syringe method

Parts of syringe with proper label

Cajipe, Jean Mikee P.CC1Prof. Jillian RaquidActivity #5Plasma and Serum Preparation

Side Questions:1. In tabulated form, differentiate serum from plasma.Points of DifferentiationSerumPlasma

2. Why is it necessary to separate the serum or plasma from the clot or packed cells immediately after centrifugation? Justify.

3. Enumerate the different blood anticoagulants and indicate their functions, compositions and desired concentrations for used.

AnticoagulantsFunctionsConcentrationsCompositions

4. Justify why serum is preferred than plasma in clinical chemistry determinations?

5. What measures should be taken to avoid hemolysis and turbidity of blood sample.

Illustrations:Make a representative drawing of the procedural steps in serum preparation and label each illustration.

Cajipe, Jean Mikee P.CC1Prof. Jillian RaquidActivity #6Blood Glucose Determination

Study Questions1. What are the different classes of Carbohydrates? Differentiate each.

2. Discuss the dietary intake and digestion of carbohydrates.

3. Trace and explain the absorption and metabolism of carbohydrates.

4. Define HORMONE. Enumerate and correlate how these different hormones directly and indirectly affects glucose metabolism (anabolic and catabolic hormones).

5. Enumerate and explain the different tests/specimen for blood glucose determination.

6. Differentiate enzymatic and non-enzymatic method of glucose determination. Give example for each.

7. Explain the principle of Glucose oxidase and Hexokinase methods of glucose determination.

8. Differentiate comprehensively Diabetes mellitus type I from type II.

9. Explain Glycosylated Hemoglobin and its clinical importance.

10. What is the conversion factor of glucose? Give the normal value in conventional and SI units for glucose.

Illustrations: End color of Glucose sample

Diagram of processes necessary for glucose regulation

Spectrophotometric analysis of glucose

Cajipe, Jean Mikee P.CC1Prof. Jillian RaquidActivity #7Blood Urea Nitrogen Determination

Study Questions1. What diseases are associated with increased and decreased of BUN level?

2. What are the different methods of BUN determination? Give the principle involved.

3. Trace the formation of Urea.

4. Explain the UREASE method of BUN determination.

Illustrations: End color of BUN determination

Pipetting techniques during BUN determination

Cajipe, Jean Mikee P.CC1Prof. Jillian RaquidActivity #8Blood Uric Acid Determination

Study Questions1. What diseases are associated with increased and decreased of BUA level?

2. What are the different methods of BUA determination? Give the principle involved.

3. Trace the formation of Uric acid.

4. Explain the URICASE method of BUA determination.

Illustrations: End color of BUA determination

Spectrophotometric analysis of BUA determination

Cajipe, Jean Mikee P.CC1Prof. Jillian RaquidActivity #9Blood Creatinine Determination

Study Questions1. What diseases are associated with increased and decreased in creatinine level?

2. Trace the formation of creatinine in the body.

3. How important is creatinine determination in the diagnosis of kidney diseases?

4. What is a clearance test? How is it done?

Illustrations: End color of creatinine determination

Reagent Preparation

Pipetting of samples

Cajipe, Jean Mikee P.CC1Prof. Jillian RaquidActivity #10Blood Cholesterol Determination

Study Questions1. Explain the various importance of cholesterol in the body.

2. Describe the mechanism of cholesterol synthesis and regulation.

3. Explain the diseases associated with abnormal levels of cholesterol in blood.

4. Enumerate and explain the different methods of cholesterol determination.

Illustrations: End color of Cholesterol sample Spectrophotometric analysis of cholesterol determination

Cajipe, Jean Mikee P.CC1Prof. Jillian RaquidActivity #11Blood Triglyceride Determination

Study Questions1. What are the different factors that affect blood Triglyceride levels.

2. Explain Triglyceride regulation and maintenance in the body.

3. What are the different methods of Triglyceride determination and explain the corresponding principle.

4. Enumerate patient preparation or measures in the collection and handling of Triglyceride.

Illustrations: Sample collection

Pipetting of samples during TAG determination

Cajipe, Jean Mikee P.CC1Prof. Jillian RaquidActivity #12Blood Total Protein Determination

Study Questions1. What diseases are associated with abnormal protein levels?

2. Explain the importance and function of proteins in the body.

3. How are the proteins regulated and maintained in the body?

4. What are the different methods of protein determination and explain the principles behind these tests?

5. What are the fractions of proteins? How are proteins fractionated?

Illustrations: End color of total protein determination

Serum preparation

Cajipe, Jean Mikee P.CC1Prof. Jillian RaquidActivity #13Albumin Determination

Study Questions1. What are the diseases associated with abnormal blood albumin level?

2. Explain the regulation and maintenance of blood albumin.

3. What are the different tests for albumin determination? Explain the principle behind these tests.

4. Explain the importance of Albumin in the body.

Illustrations: End color of Albumin determination

Spectrophotometric analysis of Albumin

Cajipe, Jean Mikee P.CC1Prof. Jillian RaquidActivity #14Total Bilirubin Determination

Study Questions1. Trace the breakdown of red blood cells and subsequent formation of bilirubin.

2. Correlate the diseases associated with abnormal levels of bilirubin.

3. To identify the tests associated with bilirubin determination and the principles behind these tests.

Illustrations: End color of Bilirubin determination

Sample Collection

Cajipe, Jean Mikee P.CC1Prof. Jillian RaquidActivity #15Direct and Indirect Bilirubin Determination

Study Questions1. How is the value of indirect bilirubin derived?

2. In tabulated form, differentiate Direct and Indirect Bilirubin.

3. In tabulated form, differentiate the various methods of bilirubin determination.

Illustrations: End color of Direct Bilirubin determination

Pipetting techniques