A b u i l d i n g without a finalised spot.

Considered by some an un­sightly blot;

But this misplaced mon­strosity

Can serve us all most use­fully

As a centre of the 'Varsity And a shelter near the park­

ing lot. •

AgJILpjgJt, THE %3.qM. NEWSPAPER

Friday, August 4, 1961 Registered «t the CP.O., Brisbane, for transmission by post ts a periodical. Volume 31, No. 8

r ^

Archbishop G. has the sort of mind

That classes students as all of a kind;

He specially counsels the young and fair—

"Beware the boyfriend! Beware, Beware

"The lecherous libertarian prof.!"

"Lay ough "Free-lough!" Says (Sough,

THE LONELY CROWD A Lament for the Student Body

Times change and students change with them—or so it seems at the Univers i ty of Queensland. O n e need not iiave been more than an intelligent observer to have noticed that, even in the last four years, the student body h.is changed and changed for the worse. I t is traditional to deplore the apathy of present students by a comparison with student activity of the 'Thirt ies or a contrast widi the enormous creative energies of the post-war ex-servicemen undei^raduates . But one does not have to go back even that far to derive standards by which to judge (and condemn) the present student body.

Of course, it ia easy to dismiss such an inquiry as a nostalgic excursion Into the "good old days", but for one, by no means romantic and certainly not conserva­tive, there Is enough empirical evidence to .suggest there has boon a serious decline In our student body.

Those who can remember the University of four to seven years ago are struck by some obvious difforencos. The student body waa smaller then, but It was a student body which felt a strong group spirit. It appreciated tho meaning of the term "University Student" and under­stood the historical slgnilicance of Commem. The student who took an Interest in University aflfairs could And numerous Intelligent equals who participated in the wider aspects of student life. Of course, I am not sug­gesting that every student was such a person, but the point is there %vere enough of this type to make one feel that a real student spirit was present.

There was a atgnlflcant proportion of individualists who were distinguished more by their personalities than the ofHccs thoy held. These talented Individualists did things and did them well—ran clubs and societies, wrote for Semper, debated major issues on Union Council, engineered some of the epic Commem pranks — and passed their exams. Thoy also created a cultural and intellectual milieu which the intelligent student found most stimulating. This elite was by definition a minoritj' but this minority was quite large proportionally. The creative minority waa broadly based in the student body; its felt it attitudes were those of the student body.

Such arc tho remembrances of things past—a virile student body, activated by the student spirit, Commeni properly appreciated and celebrated, students willing and keen to run student activities, a. group with a healthy and vigorous Intellectual life, a Union Council more than a bureaucratic machine.

"What is tho condition of tho student body today? The facts allow only one conclusion; it is critical. The student spirit is dying; Commem is for the average student, a spectator sport; pranks a re degenerating into acta of vandalism; Union Council is a bureaucratic machine controlled by embryonic bureaucrats oblivlou.s to the real problems of tho student community.

One only has to sit in the Refectory and listen to the conversation devoted to the determined pursuit of the trivial to realise our University is fast becoming a cul­tural and Intellectual desert. Wo have the raw niiiterlals to run a Miss University Contest but we do not havo the refined products necessary to produce even one decent literary magazine a year. The epic poet of the Miss University Contest considered that our students "no longer will have to hang their heads in shame". I con­sider that our students should hang their heads in shame a t tho fact that, with the biggest Arts Faculty ever, wc cannot produce even one Arts magazine a year. (I'erlh produces three.)

Community fooling is now a t an all-time low; with more students than over a t tho University it Ls a paradox that fewer and fewer students are doing things. If it wore not for the few with a social conscience, community life at the University would be completely dead. The creative minority Is proportionately smaller than ever and Is forced to do moro each year. Tho student elite is not being renewed in suflieicnt numbers to guarantee an activo student body.

How did this conic about? I believe I can answer that question.

Ono of tho major sociological works of the post-war era was Riesnian's "The Lonely Crowd". In this work. Riesman showed that tho most marked effect of the mass society was a declino in individualism and tho vise of conformity which discouraged Initiative. He des­cribed this process In society as a change from "Inner-directed" individualists to "other directed" conformists. I t 18 my contention that students arc becoming other-directed and that tho pattern of behaviour tlicy liavo accepted Is a negation of the traditional pattern of student behaviour.

This process, a roneotlon of n wider process a t work in society, means that the student body has changed. Tho innor-dlrected Individualists have been swamped by a flood of other-directed conformists which has meta-morphosised the student body. Tho new typo of student Is dominated by and conforms to tho norms of a high school mentality and all It implies. Tho ,most obvious manifestation ot this high school mentality is tho exces­sive exam-consclousnesa of tho average student. Our whole educational system now emphasizes tho material

and not the inlellectiial rewards of education. A univer­sity degree is seen not as the mark of an intelligent and cultural person but ns a necessary prerequisite to a better paid job. The UniverHlly Itself encour.agos this attitude by its preoccupation wltli failure rates which, because of political pressure, leads to a lowering of standards.

The culmination ot this trend Is tho "I 'm all right Jack!" altitude which explains the low level ot sUulenl lite. If individualism docs still exist a t our University, it is the individualism of self-interest. Hence tho average student refuses to parllclpato in the running of atudenf affair.s. Tho wider Intellectual and cultural aspects of University life are neglected tor these do not assist in the passing of exams. Arts students refuse to read any­thing that Is not "on the course". Technologists refuse to interest themselves in fields outside of their own specialised work. The intelligent student who believes that a University education has more lo offer is .ilionaled fiom the mass of the student body.

The most characteristic trait of the other-directed person is his lacli of inltialivo and our students certainly exhibit this trait . They arc not prepared to do things for thcmsolvos. they expect to bo given rather than lo give. The creative minority (now smaller both In numbers and percentages) linds itself forced to do moro and more, if they are to bo done at all, of tho tilings it considers a hcaltliy student body phould have—an active club lifo, a vigorous and informcil student newspaper, a polished student revue, good student theatre, a r t and literature.

Nor has Union Council shown any moro initiative than the average student. It has failed to givo proper leadership and example to the student body. Union CouncU has become a bureaucratic machine devoted to administration. Its embryonic bureaucrats aro moro con­cerned with administrative hair-splitUng than consider­ing the real problems of the student community. Creative personalities, alienated by the bureaucratic trend which discourages Imagination, aro no longer dominant in Union alTaire.

The Union itself has been a pressure towards con­formity. Wedded to a policy of "good public relations" tho Union has led the student body into rospoctabillly —and decay. Tho student body Is now as rcapoctablc as the Young Liberals and the Y.M.C.A, and about a.s inspired. Students are now officially respectable even with our down-town rags. The result may bo gratifying to our University soclalltoa who grace tho social pages, but to the real student It is a disaster.

Our students aro no longer "university sludcnta" in the true sense of the term. We are tho heirs of a tradition wo no longer embody. Historically, tho Univer­sity student occupied a unique place in his socicly. He wns a critic ot the established order. Tho separation of Town and <3own gave him his basis for a crltieisni of tho world. Ho could bo an idealist and demand a Utoiiia for .as yet he did not havo to come to terms with tho world. Ho recognised Its hyprocrlsy, laughed a t its pre­tensions and satirised Its vanities. Ho vlolaleil its con­ventions, drank deep and held his procession to empha­size his contempt. His arrogance ho derived from hla conviction that he would not mako tho mislakoH of his ciders. Ho was conscious of tho Intellectual and cululral hevltago which the UnlvcrsUleB enshrined. Ho recognised It waa not only his right but his duty lo absorb thl.s heritage. He recognised that no man Is an island honce he concerned with social and political Issues. His Univer­sity Ilfo was a journey in which ho found himself and developed hla philosophy of lifo.

Today, tho historic dlftoroncos between Town and Gown no longer exist in Brisbane; our students arc instead fundamentally committed to their society, they have accepted it uncritically. Tho University and Its students arc now part of tho "System". Our student body is no longer arrogant; It Is docile and submissive charac­terised by tho middle-class virtues of thrift, industry and sobriety. Our students now lead and are qulto con­tent to lead dull, unherolc little lives untouched and un­disturbed by tho major currents of the twentieth century.

Our University has, In fact, surrendered to tho TOAVU; it Is now an extension of suburbia nnd just as com­placent and mediocre. Tho att i tude of mind, critical nnd inquiring, which formerly characterised tho student has vanished. Wc now derive our standards and norms of behaviour from tho Town, ao much so that tho average student is scarce distinguishable from tho man in tho stroot. One only has to watch students arriving on the 9 o'clock bus, sit In tho library till ono, tako lunch from one to two. alt in tho library from two tlU five, depart

on the five o'clock iniH. this process repeated five days a week, to reall.se how like a hank jolinny. counter jumper or public servant is our average student. The p.'iper boy selling papers in the evening Is symbolic In a Nvay.

Hy contrast, .Sydney and Melbourne students have luiiniiged to pi'o.serve the traditional .student at t i tude. SharpovlUe provokes a stndent demonstrallon in Sydney; Molbourno .stiidont.s foci strongly enough about Angola to march on the Portuguese ICmbassy inprotest. Wha t <lo we do? We run a Miss rniversity Contort and fool very plea,sed with oiirMolvo.s. It Ls true that Sydney and Melbourne also run their Miss Universlly Contests, bu t these are only peiipheral student activities. The point la that a irnivorslty can afford a Miss University Contest if it, xit tho same time, devole.s itself to the more serious a.speeta of sttidenl life.

".Miss Univevrtity" symbolises all that i.s wrong with our .stiKlent body which now conforms to the lowest eonniion denominator of popular taste. The creative minority haa been .swamped by "students" whose tastea are those of the down-town masses. The Old Guard, tho eroativc porsonaUlies, have been replaced Viy a new class who think a .Miss Uiiivoisity Contest ts all that the student body needs.

The innor-diieoted por.sonalllles, if Ihey conformed at all. conformed to tho patterns of Htudent tradition-s. t^ur now masses no longer understand these traditions, thoy no longer consider them worthwhile. The values that students once held aro rejected. Those values made Universities place.s of "light, liboi-ty and learning" as any authoritarian government clearly recognised. "Today, no government or social system ever had such Incrltlcal subjects a.s our .students.

Can wc alter this po.sltion? Tho answer is no, ns long as present trends continue. We will continue our pursuit of the trivial. While half the world starves, while Communism wins victory after victory, we will continue to run itiss University Contests, play cards in tho Refec­tory and study race form guides. We will not be alarmed that tho average student regards the University as a bigger high school. We will not condemn those socialites who uao tho I'nlvorsity as a social rnthcr than an In-tcUeetual asset.

The average University female, at b'esf a decoration, at worst a distraction, will continue to camouflage a vacant mind with a bright face.

Students will continue to eonslUute tho anonymous rows of faces which fill the Refectory secure In their conformity.

• • * The only hope la that the creative minority will

continue lo believe that a University should be something more than a degree shop, that i;niversily students should bo more than glorified high school kids.

— J . 1$. l)AI/rON

The Three B's Comedy} Group -* Union ^62

MKMBERS OP THE Slst COUNCIL

' l»o.sltlon Xo. Itequlre*! I'.lc<'t«l Rciirescntatlvcs

president I Vlcc-Presldeirt I Vice-President

St. Lucla Day i VIco-Prealdent ;

St. Lucla Evening 1 Vice-Presid out

Heraton Vice-President

Turbot St. I Vice-President

George St. l ionorary Secretary

j Honorary Treasurer I Faculty Kcprcscntntlvcs Agriculture Architecture

I Arta (Pay)

1 John nouplas Lesley

1 Peter William Pray

1 Robert V. Greenwood

\ Robert Shallcroas Hulmo

I llenno Horowitz

1 John L. D. -Morris

Arts (i'^venlng) Commerce (Day) Com merco Dentistry

(Evening)

Education Education

(Day) (Evening)

Engineering

l^aw Medicine

Physical Education Physiotherapy Scionco (Day)

Sclonoc (Evening) S Veterinary Science

Andrew Ferguson Kenneth Frederick Bowes' Anthony Daynca Court

Miles Krcon Kelvin Crump Ian Vltaly Gzell Elaine Lesley Wilkinson Stanley Alexander Latham Roderick Cnrllslo CampboU 2

Maurice James Costello Rodney Frederick Mn.son Terence Grant Birtles

Prank William Grigg David Alan Jorsa David Tom Moraon Donald Hector .Johnson Jonathan Brookes Douglas i -Elaine Rovorley Katto David Scott Francis Geiard Watson

Pauline Kay Allen Noel Blgnoll Patrick John O'Keefe Peter Brian O'Loghlin Colin John Sanderson

3'J^l<uwvvsAJ^ilsnrilVVUvv^>fUVWV^AAi^

PA(3E 2 SEMPER FLOREAT, FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1961

Semper^Changed My Life some more dry tlioiij^lits Dear Sir,

In appreciation for the encouragement given mc by your magazine from the beginning, when even the "Dally Mirror" and "Saturday ICvening Post" had not ac­knowledged my genius, plca.so accept the following Utile piece. A alight thing per-Jiap.s, J)ut njy own, aa JJamoses onco re­marked of hl.s tomb; and George III. of hla l)ruin.

Youra, etc., T. S. ELIOT.

IN .MY HEGLVNING IS MY BEGINNING, IN MY END IS MY END AND IN MY MIDDLE IS MY liELT BUCKI,E (Tlie

Title). The brown .skins of peanuts havo come

between me and the comfort of my mouth; I have lived upon the spittle of the lost generation. In the grey months the cleaning of Ilnger-naila offended me. And the flooding of life-blood In tho Spring unmanned me.

TluMO ouRht to be A iK'ttcr word tliiin Delh-ioit.s, ilu.sl for Kcllof^gs Corn I'lakcs.

But the touRli eorc talks through Tho arguing of ainall else And convinces wearily.

licw' wc go gathering XiK'lear fiinii>.s, Nui'lcar fui»\es, .Vucloar fumes, Here wc go gathering Nuclear fuiiicM, On a cold anci frosty nmurning,

P.H.; I enclose an offering of a convivial Irish friend of mine, who ahall be name-le.s.s.

•Tl.s a whiz ol am, at dissipation. Oi've drunk and sung across the nation. Ci'liu boozed, me Uaslards, with Olrlsh

words. , And a livin' scandal to English lords.

Dare Sirs, It Is my wl.sli that all concerned with

the running of the Mias University Quest receive pritiae fi-om at least one quarter. Timing of this illuatrioua event waa superb. I waa in a most depraved state of mind, as I almo.st alwa.v.s am. and Ihe hlp-swlvelling parade of heaving bcaulics did much to allay the friistiallon of Ihe day. Jfother of alx (or aevcn?). Med. I. may now real assured that she i.s .safe for somo time lo come.

No doubt the organisers realized htat July, of all iiionths, is tho period of the year during which the most acute caaea of fruatration develop, nnd University women, fine na they are. usually do little to alle­viate Ihe situation. Let us hope that these qupsta become an annu.il orotic event.

Yet the allow was overdone In some ro-apecls. .Purely bikinis or unsold Commem. Ball tlrkota are all that are needed for clothing--or must the competitors bo mado (o go to Ihis much oxiionae. Students are traditionally pau]iera—perverted or not— and in the Interests of depravity I aay, "Let there bo light".

Down with Hickory EROS.

P.S.: What about the workoi-a?"

will any stiideiil? Dear Sir,

I would like to enter into "pen-pal" eorrespondenco with a student (malo or female) from your Unlvoralty, as I would like lo learn a little about your particular region of Au.stralla.

Perhaps you would be so good as to bring this letter to their notice.

Thanking you. Yours faithfully,

CHARLES KORUNICH. Esq.. i s t Year B.Sc. Eng.

; For Personal Service on ; : LIFE ASSURANCE : Consult !

I KQINErH A. LEMON. e.A. i i CONSULTING • j REPRESENTATIVE j • for the I : A.M.P. SOCIETY i : : ; TELEPHONES; 3T 1130, 31 1981 [ :Poitit Addrtiti BOX I404R, C.P.O. BRISBANE! ; A.M.P. BUILDING, BRISBANE { •ALSO ACENT FOR A.M,P. FIRE fr CENERAL! ; INSURANCE CO. LTD., AN A.M.P. ; : SUBSIDIARY. :

CHRISTINE JOKGENSRN"

liliM^Coiiji iieil iixard

Ulamij Caimoaxj . . .

Dear .Sir. Your vicioii.s atta

gnaled me, I'm ti ;md I'ni not going so you can iii,siili Australia, Tlie Lib purty in Au.stralla speed!, but I think ho controlled. Hut laining Itussiana. t anything.

ck ou .Mr. .Menzies dis-member of the Union to have my fees aiienl

tile greiito.st niiin in rral Parly is the only

that bollove.s in ficc your red rag needs to with the I'liioii enlor-(lon'l Huppnse it will do

YOUNG LIBERAL, foi. Sc. II.

(Please don't tell Jim Killen. Eds.)

sex agaiiii!? I>oar Sli',

I am linlipy to ho In a poslllon to report the outstanding success of the project I brought to .vour notice In the Inst issue of your ucwaiiaper. 1 have been rcfiuested by my coUoMguos to oxpioss their gratitude for the enthusiastic aupport given by the members of the Union.

We can aasure you all thai we arc continuing to give our acrvicca to the pay­ing membera na long as it ia rcciulred.

Thanking you for past favours, Yours very alncerely,

RELUCTANT VIRGIN, Med. I.

Dear Sirs* Imilntlon Is the slncereal form of tiattery. 1 am delighted by the enthu­siasm of "Reluctant Virgin", Med. I, for our common profeaalon.

MOTHER OF SIX, Med. IL

Dear Sir. Re "Reluctant VIrgln'.s" plea in last

issue of Semper, 1 am emphatic as you must bo: that lint must bo found.

Thanking you. Youra very alncerely,

HOPEFUL, Engineering III,

tlLVMBKR MUSIC

The Queensland Chamber Mualc Group pla.ved two works in the Third Musica da Camera Concert of lOCL In the Trio-Sonata in C minor of J. S. Bach, Gloria Foley's viola playing was very line Indeed; noteworthy in a good performance of niiialc which Is a Utile 'Kappelmelatorlah' cspeciaJlj- 1)1 tJie fir. t movement. Wisely, the "Fugal .MoodH". by AuHlrallan composer Georg Tintner, being given their first per­formance, wore played twice; vory well, too.

The Quartelto dl Roma preaonted an In­teresting Socond Subscription Concert for the MUHlca Viva Society. In general the playing was of high standard, occasional roughnesses nolwithstandlng, and the work of the 'cellist Massimo Anilthcatrof was oxcollenl.

In Brahms' Quartet {Op. 60 in C minor) the piano was a little too prominent on occa.sions. but thoro are authorities who consider that to bo the composer's own fault which cannot be remedied by an ensemble. The players lost their grip a little on the Andante, though tho Finale was played best of all. I had tho impres­sion in Gabiicl Faure 's Quartet that Italians aro not 'at homo' playing French mu.slc; Faure's alnccre introsDCction loses something in too vigorous a i., 'ormance. This group, too. presented a new work, written by Trieste academic Glullo VIozzi (b. 1912) in 1957. Thia music I found rathei- without character — It might well have been written fifty years ago: much of the chording was rather dated and the general dlaposition of parta and the tech­nical manipulation made little improasion on me.

Guy Goodricke says: " i would stand on my head to have my hair cut by Bill Geddes. the union barber."

Mr. Geddes, however, assures us that he is prepared to allow Mr. Goodricke and other customers to occupy his barber chair as a special gesture.

the common people Hoar Sirs,

1 desire eiiliglilmcnt on Die .subject of notices (li.splayed in the Coiniiion Honius foi-l)ld(iiiig the "con.suming of foods sni.l the drinking of li<iuias" in the .said localities. These notices are illegal, bearini; uoilhor the oflUiiil Union atamp nor Ihe .signature or the pei\son resiionaildc.

The Common Kooius are surely iiUendod for the relax.itiou and iieaeofiil enjoyment of llie .sludonts of this I'nivor.sliy, The Uefectory ia too noisy and ci-owded for IH-acefiil niastkatlon, and 1 object moat •sliongly to the intended depviviU ot tho enjoyable .surroundings of the Common Itooma aa a pleasant place for eating, thinking and go.s.si|iing — the three aro often almost inacparsible.

Tho possible reason for this vicious attack on the iillmeutary tracts of for-uiorly contented .students e.scnpos mc. Siiiely day atudents have neither the imtential nor tho Inclination for dc.siioiling the lloor. f\irnhuii\ etc., of the rommou Uooma ihiU aiipnrenlly belong lo many people aUondiiig evening functions there.

1 .should like to hoar the roa.soua for what I consider an unwarranted aud un­just aUuck on the liberty of students In this University,

INFURIATED .STUDENT. Med. I

REVI|:;W: THIRD A.B.C. YOUTH CONCERT

The programme of tho Third Youth Concert was certainly a mixturo, ono which I thought was somewhat unsatisfactory. Overall, Henry Krips ' reading of Bee­thoven's "Coriolan" overture waa a good one. beginning stern and forbidding; how­ever, I foJt that ho loosened his grasp In the middle sections only to finish with a grand impression.

Soloist, Ladislav Jasek, is a violinist of very great technical ability and, I am sure, of equally great artistry. His playing in Khatchaturian's meretricious and dull violin concerto was excellent In all respects. If only he had chosen another work. This Armenian musing strikes mo as frankly faked, in fact a completely unconvincing folk-song pastiche.

The short group of Roumanian Folk Dances, arranged by Bela Bartok was pre-

'ceded by a timely admonition by the con­ductor. He urged the audience to take a

'g icatcr intereat in contemporary music, '^reproving them for Indifference. I hopo that Jthis good advice is heeded. The perform-'ance was generally good although a little *more rhythmic incision and tonal vigour 'would not have gone astray. In Mozart's rgraceful little Symphony No. 29 In A ! ' ( K ; 2 0 1 ) , the Q.S.O. really excelled Itaolf iand Henry Krips, having scaled tho •jOrchestra down to historically accurate size, evoked a delightfully elegant por-

' formance—it was qutte exquisite. The Fourth Youth Concert rauat surely

have represented the Nadir of tho year's programmes. Consequently, I carried out tho threat which I made last year — i 5imply did not go."

—JOHN OABMODY

we MOST FACE

THB IMi>LiCA^TriON

OF OUR Tefif^i&LB

Locioiry

IP WE OO NOT AOMiT

THe Cos MiC S IT VAT I ON

TO

iNBLOCTASLy

ABSURD

THBN OifR pos$rtoN ts

SEMPER FLOREAT, FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1961 PAGE 3

THE HOUSE THAT FRED & BERT BUH T Once upon a time there was a number of elderly men

(and women) who were so terribly old that they were called senators. Now these people had tho important task -of looking after a University, which is a place for teaching people who will never be oW and wise and important. And every now and again because these people were so important they just had to meet together and decide on things to do, for when a group of people so old and wise and illustrious decided on something at a tribal meeting it just had to happen because these people were so important, some of them oven being especially selected by the Government.

And one day they had a meeting because their Univer­sity was fifty years old—can you imagine anything quite as old as that, except the sena­tors of course? Now we can­not know exactly what hap­pened at this meeting—even some of the senators hardly know—for we are only students and could not hope to ap­proach the majesty and illus­trious magnificance of the senators and if perchance a student should enter the meet- i ing room his very presence' would violate the sanctity o f i that place.

But we may guess •that at this meeting it was decided, because everyone likes birth­days, that there would be a great collection of pennies i from people the Senate would! not even let look at their University thru a hole in the fence, by telling them it was THEIR University's 50th birth­day. But then someone, wiser than the others, said they would have to decide just what the money was going to be spent on, for a birthday just by itself would not be a good enough gimmick for collecting pennies: and someone sug­gested a nice new calculating machine so that people would collect lots and lots of im­portant tables of figures Irom enrolment forms.

But others said that no one would know what to do with this information, and anyhow, no ore would give money for a project so modern and pro­gressive. And then, sucli is the wisdom of the senators, the idea of constructing a hall oc­curred: it would not just be a hall of course, for if the Senate built it would of neces­sity be a Great Hall, To clinch the argument it was pointed out that Sydney University had a Great Hall (though not as great as ours would be) and because S.U, was so ancient (ancient is older than old), it must be the right thing for old Universities to have, mustn't it. And they decided to ask for just half the amount of money necessary, just to show they weren't greedy; besides the Credit Squeeze would occur pext year

And the people did give money and very generously too, not really because they wanted a Great Mall and would not fBven know what lo do with it if Santa left them one for Christ­mas, but because they thought that giving money to a Univer­sity would help raise the general educational level of the community, not seeing that if this happened then no money would in future be given at all because intelligent people say that this sort of thing is the job of the government and it is something that THEY should do.

SEMPER SAYS As a gesture towards

academic freedom a ii d toleration that could earn the University of Queens­land the respect of the .'\u8tralian academic world, Semper Floreat urges the Staff Association to invite Professor Orr to apply for the Ghair of Philosoi">hy

Then when all the money;' was collected and the wise, Senate had invested it to get even more money, everyone said that something concrete would have to be built so that there would be a Great Hall on the University's 100th bir th­day. And so then although they had acres and acres of land on which to build the hall, I the senators in their wisdom' thought to build it in front of the main University building, • because they would not have i to walk too far to reach it. But! some nasty ill-mannered people! who did not have the worries • and the cares of the Senators, began fo criticise the wisdom of building the hall in a place that would obscure part of the main building; but the Senate said that it only wanted to pro­vide a bigger, better and, brighter hazard on our mag­nificent three hole golf-course (it is only three holes because i the senators do nol approve of exhausting physical exercise).

The unintelligent • declared that a hall would have to be built at Ihe other end of the main building to balance the library anyhow, on the original

. site for the G. Hall, This I would be the logical place for | I it. But as everyone knows

logicality in argument is the last defence of the unintell i­gent, and the Senate replied' that the cost of building a Great Hall there, which would i anyway interrupt the flow of 'bus traffic, would be too i great and it would not seat enough people, for if the Rus­sians ever moved the United Nations Headquarters to Bris­bane there must be enough space to house it 'the Senate has not yet recovered from being General MacArthur's Headquarters). Morover they replied that the hall should bo i large enough to seat hundreds |

• and hundreds and hundreds of ' people who would fight to at­tend concerts, plays, talks and things in our new Great Hall. And further, the graduation ceremony should be able to be held in the Hall.

To this the wilful dissen­ters from wisdom replied (1) Sydney's Great Hall fits in with and is an integral part of the j architectural plan of ihat Uni- < versity arid does not stick out : like a plumb in a pudding i n '

\ contrast to the symmetry of the i main University building, (2) j there are already enough halls i in the city to house concerts, j talks and the like and people I will not suffer the Incon­venience of travelling to St. j Lucia when they can be ade­quately catered for in the city (3) that any University func­tion would be housed in a Great Hall if built on its origin­ally planned position or in the new Students' Union Building. (4) that plays would be pre-

w i t h i n this University, which will beconie vacant in September. With the move to have Divinity coupled with Philosophy defeated, there should be no reason why Professor Orr's application should not be acceptable, as there is now little doubt tliat Professor Orr was the vic­tim of a gross miscarriage of justice.

Russians Visit Varsity Glad lo enjoy "the warmth" ot Briabane in mid-

July, as their tour had brought them away from the northein summer, the Uiwslan student delegation made the e.xpei'ted oomnienls on this aud other almiile, uncon-trovorsial topics. When thoy left, the 1,'resldoiit of the CODservatlve Club here (.alill i-efcrring to I^nlngrad as St. re lorsbuig) could recall only the fluttering blue .yea of lOJA'IUA (.Mr.a. .AHTAFIEVA, a student ot Wr.stort) laiigMjige.s wilh a len-month-old .son), while lUc i'ro.siilent of tlie .A.L.l'. Club waa not astute enough to ol)aer\e. lot alone comiiroheiid, the wit of the Coin-niunlat delegation leader. (Perhaps heeausc Iho Hussian Coniiiiiiniat can now enjoy life while tho Australian Sooi:ilist atill v.ondera what lifo he should enjoy.)

Ou the day of their arrival. Ihe team of threo lvii.s.siana met four hundred Queensland atudents a n d wiped them off t h e field. N o t b e c a u a e O T A I I I TCMKHK1':ZIA, the o n l y I'arty member of the three (the other two belong to Komsomol) co-ordinated the Uuaaian attack, aa a writer in t h o Ittdlctln-Obser\er-<n- what - yon - will cljiiiiunl he did in Mel-

Miss University, Coralie Jones, smiling at the thought of the proposed site of the Great Hill.

director and pianiat. first delighted Flvlra with cla.ssl-cal nuiale, then Ale.sander with jazz. Peter liocaer and Dtari exchanged niceties wlien the formal prcsouta-tions were made. Two well-known A.L.P. Club men acquired C.C.Cl'. badges. Otarl cheeked on his largo bundle of bank-notea. At the airport the Uusaians had to get a laat-mlnute tax elearanee and tho departure

sented in the proposed Union Theatre '5) that Ihe gradua­tion ceremony would not be ac­commodated even in the pro­posed 1,200 scat Hall, and anyhow individual faculty graduation ceremonies such as take place now for some faculties or groups of faculties were more f i t t ing than one extended series of 100 yards dashes across the stage of the City Hall or the proposed Great Hall.

The result if the Hall is built on the front lawn will be that, while it will be inade­quate to house Gxtra-Universily and new Universify functions, it will upset the whole building scheme at the University and detract from the present pleasant aspect of the main building.

If the Hall is built where proposed, it will in years to come institute the second greatest monument to classical stupidity perpetrated at St Lucia (the first is the main building and ils satellites).

The only saving factor of the original University design was the sweeping vista of the extended main building as seen —preferably from a distance— a great distance, set off against a large area of lawn and trees. To complete this pleasant as­pect the Great Hali should be built at the clhcr end of the main t)uilding. To destroy it completely it should be built in front of the library.

I know it is not prcsumptious on my part to quote Terxny-son to the Senate of the Uni-

. versity of Queensland, by the I Grace of the Government, Dictator of St. Lucia and its

|Otiwr territories about the city, I Defender of Light, Liberty and I Learning, fer some senators I probably went to school with him:

"Old age hath yet his honour and his toil

. . . but something ere fhe end,

Some work of NOBLE NOTE may yet be done."

B. J. Moylan.

STUDENT LIFE STRANGLED I t was recenlly Ktaiea by au onKiuecring Kraduiite of

.some standing Huit I'nlvorsity night life in the form of the old clubs and societie.s' .weials has virtually dis-ai>i>',ared from the campus during the present term. Thia ho held to bo surprising in the light of soeial activltiea \iw\ term.

thi an investigation (not vei'y close) one fact emerges as the reason behind this social drought. Cluba and i aoeieties whicli liavo been ! (Iniineial enough a aponaor', a funclion earlier in t h e . year had been bunkrupttod by the oxcesalvo charges Imposed by the l l o u s o Commitle efor the hire of llio Cnion Buildings,

A Union ofllcial staled | that the .I'nion levied NO : ehargcs on cluba, hut merely jiaascd on tlie COST when it was pointed out tlmt perhaps aome of the Union fcea paid by the student body might be directed to­wards meeting thia cost, he blandly stated that thoy had nothing to do with the question. This may be true, but It seems to mo that since wo do pay our Union fees and since practically every student la in aonic way or other connected wtlh somo club or society, then perhapa tho Union (in par­ticular Ihe llouac Commit-too) might do well to offer] a littlo moro consideration , In this direction.

Whenever you mention cluba or socletys, or even Sporls UnioH, to Union ofllclals all you get in re- \

turn ia a .aynipathotir smile. If, however, you wen- to llive.slig.'ite b e y o n d Ihe blame-passing u n d baek-slahblng of Union poli-li<'.s and oxamino the i«ur-pose (in J) rn c tic e nol theory) for which t l i e varioiLs bodies exist, yon would probably find t h a t the eluli and aociolioa exist for the furthoruienl of some ideal or intereat beyond the per.sonal level of our petty polltieians of the linion. and do a great deal more to­wards the intercata of the Hludent body than t h e I'nion will piobably ever do.

.•\s an indioiitlon ono has only to eonaider tho reoont social held In cotinection with the Misa Univor.siiy Quest. The majority of tho parlloa a n d fund-raising funetiona were hel<I in pri­vate honiea. 'I'ho Women's Clul) paid £:iO hire charges for the Union Refectory In vt^tuni for £14 taken at the door.

However, as wo aro aware the Union la now under new iniiuagemont and we arc walling In tv!\tlolpallou of Koine moves which will donbtleaa come from oui-new KxecutivoB.

liourne. Nor bec.auao tlio time of the 'plane for Now lliissiaiiH had prepared slock ! Zealand was poalponcd from answor.s lo anticipated <iue.s- ' midnight till 3 a.m. The lions — though undoui>iedly ' ,,iirty continued at the air-Ihoy had undergone a brief- ' pan. Then the Rusaians ing session al home before loft lo face anollier battery they came, juat as Auatra- of reporters and questions lian Hludent delegationa do- in New Zealand. \v.ulinK overseas arc briefed by the Kxternal Affairs De- There is no doubt that partnrent here. The Rusaians tlic Uuaslans enjoyed their won l)oc!iusc the questions visit to Queensland and asked by llio Queensland that Ihcy are charming, Ktuileuls were uniforn^cd intelligent people. They were and to no purpose. also by far the licat student

delegation from overseas to AUUKANDIOlt LIOHKDIOV. visit here. Are thev cxeep-

iv history student at Mos- tlonal i{u.s.sian students'." ^ cow University, remarked Perhaps, but probably they

during the day that he had could be more properly des-sroa no capilalist.s in Aus- cribed as mombcra of a tralia though ho was sure finite largo group of lir.sl-thero must be .somo .since class .studcnta in the U.S.H.lt.

I ••yours is a capitalist sya- otar i ia a Vlce-Preaidcnl of Item". Ho was delighted lo the U.S..S.II, Student Coim-lind aome possible candi- oil. and in connection with

d a l e s at Uio winc-taating the fact he is a Parly mom-t h 0 delegation attended, her. one should remember (itari. whoae homo is wino- that elections to the Student producing Georgia, claimed Council are indirect through iuid pioved to be a eonnois- n pyramidal structure aa aciir. Klvira, who was con- with all other Soviet eieo-.stantly tensed by Die two tion.s. Alexander is on Ihe mon, got her own back by Mosoow University Student

; disapproving of thoir drink- Council and Elvira, perhaps • ing too much. That tlie a young Madame Furtaevu, vanity of Russian men la had alroadv visited the

I no difforent from that of United Kingdom and the Auslralian men waa shown irnitod States, and is in

' on I'^iiday evening when charge of the affairs of all . OUiri and Alexander \vcrc foreign atudenta at Lonin-pcrsuadcd to wear dinner- grad University. Both Alex-

JHUita for tho fust time in ander nnd Klvira would ' t he i r Uvea. Both wore vory Imitiodiately neoni <'xoellont I t>le.a.sod w i t h Iheni.solve.s. chojees to send to We.storn oiar i . .standing before a eounlrios. while fHari haa mirror for soino time, al- liidiion a t l r i b n t o s (for most purred iia he gently example, lijs Unowledge and .stroked down his moiiatache. appreciation of Au.straHan

,, , , paintings). On Krlday nioriiing the

dologatos wore received by nid the Kuasian dolcga-j tho Lord .Mayor and were tion deliberately employ thrilled lo receive a copy of , proi)agnnda hero^? It was a the Cenleuiuy book ou ' propsiganda nil.ssion. This B r 1 a h a n o inscribed wilh , does not mean, however,

I their names. Tliey guvc the i that the delegaloa aasumcd Uord Mayor a elgiuelto box iind al the Union jjarty for

a pose when the discuasion turned lo Rcrlln or the

I them on Saturday prcsontod State care of chihlren. What Ithe Union with books, a ibey said had its origins in model of Siuitnik and. wliai aliould appeal most, records of Soviet youth songs.

Iiosjilto the dlnner-aulta and although they havo formal functions in their homo Unlvoraities and In­stitutes (with lounge-suits

jworn) , tho delegation found tlio Knglneors' Bull a littlo

I too formal. On Saturday at Iho Coaat they went for an

j oargoi'ly-anliclpated a w 1 ni j but, the i>r)nclploa of surf­

ing, being now to them, per­haps wore a little dis­appointed.

Tho Union parly In the evening, though tmaaibly aim not aa informal aa the Ruaslana wouhl linvc liked, waa fun. Jim Thoiiiua, lour

in nltitudo of mind rather than in a Party hand-out. That thoy ro.ally believe what la the Soviet ofllcial policy is the moat important thing AiLstralian .students should learn from thoir visit.

It is lo be hojied that the members of the return ilelcgadoii iioiii Au.stralla will bo posse.Hsed of finalities ctiual to iho.so of Ofari, IChira ;nul Alexander and equal to tho more intolllgent reception Utisalan student liodicH are likely to give them. Porhajia it la one of the more unfortunate as-pod.s of deniooracy that this cannot be asaurcd.

CliAIIti: CliAHIC

PAGE 4 SEMPER FLOREAT, FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1961

SEMPER SPRING

It has boon a <'auac of mucli alarm to mo in follow­ing Iho allegations that free lovo ia being advocated at Australian UnlvorHltioa lo lind out that these allegations have heen denied in all cases, and Jt would appear that nowhere In Aualralia at the pioaont moment is free love being taught—either in theory or in method.

Wilh the acn.sc of a desiierate ncetl to amend thl.s dlstrcaslug ovcrsiglit, then, I tnkc up my pen, and with all the heat and fury of a zealot, I .scrawl these lines in favour of a certain ty|>c of traiLsactiou between the acxcM, usually coiidiurtcd iu the privacy of the boudoir, or a luirkeil car, or u convenient Uilekot.

Now as this will make the article on the whole very daring and. for some, upsetting, I have determined that for the coat of such antagonism as 1 shall inspire by my wrlling, I ahall purchase aa much emotional satisfaction for myself aa possible. Therefore It la likely that I shall be exceeding polemical and radical, and write scalding attacks on auch long standing, beloved, sacrosanct, awe-inspiring, reverend, venerated, eatabllahcd, accepted In­stitutions aa: the commerce in hum bug carried on by important people in public poaitlona and those that toady up to them. Christian religion, tho mental vacuity of tho student body, tho royal family, newspapers, polltlclana and sewerage aystema.

.So you can seo this promises to bo a very savage article, but I write It in tho full awareness that my readers will turn on me and say: Fie, sir, aro you not aahamcd to publish such a childish display of Invective— Would yor mind!—But dammit, I mean to aay, a fair thing's a fair thing, and think of tho women and children —dlrty-mlnded little . . .!—It must be a terrible thing to havo a mind as suspicious aa yours—^ISxcellent, well written. Must bo another Milton—I wonder If I could maintain an action for defamation.

Tluis you sec I am dt»idaying coiLsldernblc moral cxnirngo In adIicrJng to my original plan. But, of course, <mo cannot subserve one's literary Integrity to tJic i)e<lca-trlan Judgnicnta of a scdcntjiry public.

My appi-oach to this subject will be to commence with tho beginning as my starting point, whence I will proceed to tho middle In the centre section, and finally I ahall conclude by finishing at the end. Thua, I will havo followed a method which would have won the approval of AUISTOTLK if he were alive, but alas, he is no longer with us. With these few admonitory prefa­tory worda. I will -now plunge into tho central core and i-oot of the subject of Free Love.

Now on those mattcra It la always advisable to have n number of oplniona which may be colligated, classllled, analysed, cross-referenced, distilled, syntheslscd, dichoto­mised, assimllatod, reconciled, stimatlsed, vilified, ostracised and numbered In alphabollcal order from left to right.

At this point the ordinary reader becomes suspicious. How aro these people to be selected, he says? Are they being acreened to see If they have any subversive tondon-cies? How do wo know the taxpayera' money Is not being waated? Can you give any guarantee that everything la above board nnd completely uncorrupt, la a committee being act up to inveatlgato the matter. Haa anyone made a recommendation to anyone else'/ If so, has 11 been adopted only after due Inquiry haa been mado Into the matter? If not, why haa tho public not boon informed of It? Haa an adeauate referee been appointed who will act with Impartiality to both aldoa. Has a file been mado of tho whole business? Is the chairman in communication with tho appropriate public body? Why la no progress being mado in arriving at a solution to the disgusting mess of red tape and party politics?

Now it Is tho prerogative of the reader to ask those

questions, aa it is the prerogative of the writer to ignore them. This Is a literary convention that goes back as far aa paliolltlile timea when tho equivalent of human beinga wore carving runes into the glaciers that came to visit tliom every 20,000 years or so. Thoae who know about theae runea would guard their aecreta reilgioualy and the beholder of the rune-carvinga waa obliged not to enquire about their slgnlfieance of the carver or the magic powera Ihey were reputed to possosa would be ruined. For these carvings they uaed to use flint-sharpened and flre-hardcncd Ivaloua tuska. Today, of courae, they would use portable petrol-driven pneumatic drills.

I once knew a man who had one of tliese pneumatic drills fn ilia custo<Iy. He iiactl to set it going and watch ita agitations and wonder what it reminded him of. Unfortunately he wns coiustralned from making any en-(luirica on this licad from considerations of bourgeois nionilKy wlilch had been instillc«I into him at a tender age and so he died a premalwre death feeling terribly repressed. This was iUde«l by the fact tliat he also thrust this drill tlirough Ills foot whicli brought on nervous shock, n traunin, concussion, a disease known as pes trnnsfixu.a, exposure and starvation, and eventual dcntli.

Thus wc have got back to the subject of Free Love by way of bourgeois morality. Now bourgeois morality Is the province of the newapapera and let us now o.xamihc, therefore, somo press opinion on the subject: ". . . where, however, such conditions exist as would make It virtually impossible to do without It, it is perhaps possible that Free Love may have some qualified juatlflcation, all other things being equal. This, however, is pure speculation and it may turn out on the other hand that It Is not." (Timea).

"In apitc of her sleek lines, the now Martin has almost enough room to sleep In." (Modern Motor).

"One should always follow tho natural rhythm of the seasons when planting." (House and Garden).

"Home, beautiful." (Home Beautiful). •'. . ." (Semper Floreat). But I now come to some of the more ticklish parts

of my article. Firstly, I think it Is necessary to draw some sort of a distinction between SEX and MARRIAGE. Aa Edmund says In King Lear; "Sex and marriage could not be tho same thing, or I wouldn't be such a boatard." Thus It becomes necessary to treat sex on its own, entirely unrelated to any other considerations whatsoever. For a definition of sex what could be better than the worda of Lord Clogmeyer in his brilliant address to a mass rally of the Loyal Worklngman's Guild at Birmingham: "Sex Is, if. one takes the enlightened view of the matter, without prejudice to either party, after all, when you consider baalc essentlala . . or . . what makes a man a man . . and . . er . , for that matter . . what makea a woman a woman . . or . . respectively." This, I think, puts tho whole thing in a nutshell. It puts no great strain on the definition to my mind, to say that what is emphasiaed here is tho diftorenco between man and woman. But this raises a question that la not ao easily solved—what la the real difference between tho two. On tho one hand ono might say that men have got—while woman have got— But on the other hand men have not got — while women lack —. Again wo might say that women bear children and groceries while men have the spiritual burdens of life thrust upon them. Or ono might adopt a different approach altogether and come out with somo startling discoveries.

But witatcvcr mode of enquiry Is pursued, It seems to mo that these nil tend to but one conclusion: that tlio diief dllTercnces between tlie so.\cs Is principally tho fact tlmt WOMEN HAVE A LOWER CENT1U3 OP GIlAVITy THAN MEN. Ilcnco women ore always sitting down nnd men are olwaj's foiling over.

However, I am reminded of an aunt of mine who used to keep falling over. One day, she fell over a cliff, and was never quite recovered from It.

Semper makes recognition of the coming of Spring with an outburst of literature that is as lyrical as the cry of the cuckoo.

On these pages are printed these seasonal effusions in an attempt to give expression to the undivinable mysteries of the year's rebirth; mys­teries which arc not so much a tangible sensation as something that is unselfconsciously sensed by the delicate nerve tissues of the Inner Being.

The fact that one of these lyrics, if I may so dub them, occurred to the writer in French has made it necessary to present this unfettered utter­ance both in its original language and in trans­lation.

This may shock the purists, however, we feel that we may assure them that the translation is as much a piece of crejition as the original—a fact that will be all the more apparent when it is realised that this translation was performed with­out the intrusive aid of a dictionary.

For the rest, it is in English of a sort, and should present no difficulty, and readers may take part in this modern version of the equinoctial rite as best their aptitudes and sensibilities fit them.

However, I acasc tliat I luivc been digressing some­what and Uiougli this leisurely inenndcring approach may be satisfactory in trcjitlng some subjects, yet it is not likely to reach any satisfactory consunmtlon on the business of .sex. Tliercforc, 1 am determined to be extremely outsiwkcn and adult for the remainder of this (li.scussloii and deal with this bone of contention in a most cfTicicnt and productive way.

Now, of tho multifarious arguments that one can open on this topic tliero are some few which come upper­most for conalderatlon. Obviously, if one is inclined to a little experiment in this sphere of activity, then ono should Ignore the voices that are likely to be raised in condemnation. But, of course, ono muet always consider this as an academic exorcise, somewhat aimllar to a scientiflo study of the effects of crosa-polinatlon. One miiat foster tho RIGHT ATTITUDE.

Apart from all thia there arc two further points that should be raised. The flrst concerns the men and thia la an admonition that you make certain that the woman involved la a willing participant; while tho socond is a precaution that women should take if they decide to carry on with the businesa; that Is to make aure that their hipa aro adequate for child-bearing.

Thia, it seems to me. is as good a point as any to end. J. FOGARTY

1D02 SEASON OP GILBERT AND SULLIVAN If you can sing a littlo and you like Gilbert and

Sullivan, you may wish to bo In the College Opera's productions next year of Gilbert and Sullivan Operas.

Anyone intereated ia requested to contact Peter Hocker (I>aw V), either at the Law Library or Tel. 86 2020.

Sacre du Printemps Wed,, 2Cth July, St. Lucla Refectory:—Authorities

are worried by a demonstration which took place hero at mid-day. Fifty-seven male and one female atudent attempted to cram themselves Into the recess formed by the double-doored entrance to the refectory. No serious damage was done, but one of the Union's ofllclals dis­covered auperliclal abraslona on one ot the walls.

Informed aources say that there seems to havo been no real motive to the cramming, and can only explain the occurrence as a modern variant of tho spring rites which have boon celebrated by every civilisation. "This sort of behaviour is not an uncommon phenomenon in the history of mankind," remarked prominent authority on Sex and Fertility. Arthur Murray-Banks. "It goes back to tho Dionysian re vela of the Greeks and tho festival of tho luporcal of the Romans which were celebrated at about thia season, not to mention tho English maypole dancing, and, of courae, Walpurglsnacht. With the com­ing of spring, most primitive people have felt the need to express their sense of the earth's fecundity and did BO in orgiastic celebrations that wore often completely spontaneous. Gradually these became moro ritualised until they began to take a set form or pattern. Often this would then sever itself from Us orgiastic origins, and become completely asoasonal. Hence wo have Greek drama and Christian religion.

"The present case of tho rocesa-crammlng, judging by its orgiastic nature would appear to bo In the general line of these spring rites, but this is only conjecture."

When all tho boys had crammed themselves into tho recess a placard was placed on the door bearing the words: OSCAR WII«DB ROOM.

SEMPER FLOREAT, FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1961 PAGE 5

WHENCE THE GENTLEMAN? W. TYLER

A gentleman is a capricious animal, he cannot be bred everywhere. America has not yet produced one, nor docs she ever look like doing so.

The juesciit-day poverty of the Aiistrallaii ruling ela.ss can be cxplnlncd by the failure of this country to lirced her <iwii gentleman; .she has too long adored llie lOiigliali nuHld. We arc therefore facctl today wilh tlic l>arado.\ of having more intcllcctiinla llinii ever before nnd fewer nilcr.s, more criticl.sni and le.s.s giiiduncc. The haiiMU'c of nature liiis been upset, and until .\ustialla breeds a gciilleman of her own Ut reconcile Ihc new tcnsioiiK 111 the one eliaractcr tyiic, tlioiight and action will bcrcome even mure unhccdful ut each other. The rilling class is one gi'oiip which docs not lend it.self readily to the division of labour,

Au.slralia has never been more aware of her need for intelloclual leadership than today. Tho frontier nien-lallly whicli determined much of Australia's dealing with the world at tho early part of liie century has been rudely disoriented by a worid war and an indualrlal boom. The changes have been felt at llio tondcrosl part of her traditions, her British derivation and hor left-wing politics. Post-war Indualrialism lias manufactured a new class system which is tugging hard at her links wltli tlie colonial past. This last decade has .soon the rise lo dominance of a nouvoaun-riclic in the cities, born not only from prosperity, but alao from intornalioiuil changes In the orgauis.ation of industry. Indusjlrialism has given UH the bureaucrat, the technologist, the executive, and it haa been this class which has act tlie social pace. The iiuiHS media liavo served to spread the valuca of this el'.isa downwards to U\o old proletariat, newly convinced of tho poasibilitlca of tho lino arts ot consumcrahlp and auburbanshlp. A shift in values has resulted, observable al all levels; the decadence of mateship, the dominance of ouo-upmaiislilp and the malorialiat ethic and a rc-orlontation of culture towards America.

Never has Auatralia been more acutely aware of her need for authoritative guidance, for It would bo diflicuit to find a class more conscious of ita rootlcaaneas and more subject lo insecui'ily feelings than the new industrialist elite. Unfortunately, though well aware of tlie need, the laat gioup to roapond has been tho intellectuals them-solvca.

Historically, the reaction of the Auslralian intellcc-luala la understandable. Two strong currenta. ono local, the other international, have forced them Into the position of marginal influence which they occupy today. Locally, Ihcrc has been always a good deal of unrest and ambiva­lence in the intellectual's character. He has either adopted the mores of Kngland, or has remained dollboratcly Au.flralian. In neither caso has ho been fully accliniatizod or accepted; whichever direction ho has tended, tho choice has boon a conscious one. The schizophrenia is expressed best in the rift most iiUclloctuala have had to make i>etweon Iheir political values (homegrown and uaually radical) and llioli- cultural ones (exotic aud ii.siially bourgeois). Never iiave the universities played a (iigiiilicanlly creative role In national life.

liocauso of this tho auddoii changes of llio paat decade, havo swept away what roots tho unlveraities may have had among tlio musses and let them drift by Iheiu-fioivoH in the general flux. The .search for acceptance became doubly difTtcult; nol only did Iho intelloclual fail to perceive the need for a change in his role, but there was no existing channel through which his inlluence could bo fell, no institutions wilh a liaditiou of sympathy with Inlelloctual guidance. Auslralia hud not evolved a native ruling chuss by which the gap could bo cloaod. Her cul-tiiriil life waa still at ita gm.sa roots stage. Thoro was none of the rcsillcnoo or flexibility In tho Australian res­ponse to llie posl-war changes audi a.s that obseivable in ISrilaln or France. The lid cunio off .\uslralla without luueh olt'oit.

Tho bowildoriiionl of the iiilollocUial expressod Itaclf lirat ill aboi'live atlomi)ts lo regain mass favour through tlio old political liaLson, either by oxlremi.sl agitation or, ill a liiler stage, by sonil-huiiuuiilarlan iiiovenieiils like Ihe New Left. The main reaction lo his loss of idonllty was, however, in ue.utrulisin and withdrawal.

The revul.sion of the inlollootiials to the vulgarisation lind debilitation of tjusle Is nol a peeullarly Auslralian pltenomonon. Tho olfools of this v.ldosproad fooling wore i>r peculiar importance lo llio outlook of tho Australian iiUollcelual, however, tenuous aa wore hla links with his lollows. As Iho winds of tihilistinisiu ihrealcnod lo batter into his .sanctuaries, like a true schizophrenic, he witli-droiv further into liiniaelf. This introver.sion i.s well rallouulls'.ea Ihrouglioiu the periodical lltoraluro of the decade, in the current liUenmtiotia! Jargon. Such subjects aa .Snows "Two Cultures", "Iho monaceof rod-brick", "the cii.sls of valuea", mass civilization and luinorlly oulturo", arc familiar fare.

Tiial the bulk reaction v.as a niiive iieiilrallsm can bo eaally aeon by tlio atumlai-d of undergraduate journal­ism during tho decude, l'\icod with tlio huge foe of ".student apathy", sludent odilors liave taken slops against It either by altuckiiig It direelly aud bluiilly or by luring it Into tho "right" direollon hy making "issuea", 'I'ho Jlr.st. which Implies coploua amounla of solemn rholorlo Is losa pornlelous than Ihe lulter which actively porvoria feeling by directing II lowarda tho Irrolovaul and the spurious. Thu attempta tu uroute laauoa oul of

auch (luestiona as aboriginal rights, Catholic Action, con-tiola on Academic I'rcodom, and oven Anzac Day lUua-tralo well enough tho dullness of odilorship and the (Iroas of student opinion, both unwilling to bo tortured into any new shape or Into wearing any new form.

Nature abhors au intellectual vacuum. An undcv-sl.iiidlng of the two iiuiin historic causes of tho vacuum shoual indicate what the now order will be Uke, Tho iiialaiso of tho present liaa been tho direct outcome of Iho tradilioiial Inslability in the oliaraclor of the Aua-ttalian intolleetual, aggravated from without during tho pa.st dfcado by tho now lulornallonal re-orientation of .society. The vlliility of the change haa resulted not only ill the di.saolulioti of the old patterns, but a temporary iihsehee of any pattern. Auatralia today is without culture, Icadorahip or ideology. She must face the fact that alio Is fa.st losing hor national Identity.

If the failure has been caiiaod mainly by tho woak-ucss of the oliaraclor of her elite, this character must bo loformod. 'I'his Inadotiuaoy waa in the paat largely !i [uiroly porsoniil probieni. The fact tluil today the prob­lem lias also become common to the real of society renders il more acutely personal, and all the more urgent. Ironically onougli, the nature of the problem haa been perceived by most intellectuals. In many oases painfully. What haa not been perceived is the personal rolevanoo of the crisis. It is only by a reformation of intellectual charaolor on tho personal level that a solution Is possible. Willi all the bloodless aridity of ovor-cerobratioii and ovor-specializalion all that most intollocluuls have ex­perienced has boon an enervated dotachinciil or a fooling of passive futility. The growth of religious bodies is the best evidence of the nature of this "mal dc atccle". It has nol yet occurred lo tho intellectuals that the Institutions may be redeemed by their own efforts, outaidc the limits of the cloislcr; nor have thoy realized that only by conscious striving can the forces which condition change bo llicmsolvos changed.

.Vustruiia's institutions, hor churches, Iier schools, hor poliUcal lifo arc Intelloctually bankrupt. Without the cohesive restraint of a ruling class of native origin, the vast changes of tho last decade have swept past, leaving them unaltered. Unless a new elite, capable of truly radical thinking a.sserls ILsclf .soon, tho old roots will bo exposed, and the institutions will follow the flood. The need for a reformation of ruling class character is nol a hovel one. It has boon faced in turn by all the major iCuropcan civilizations, Ucnaissance Italy, seventeenth-century I'^rance, Vlclorian England. The aolutlons have, however, been remarkably similar, in that the character evolved was like what Newman dcllncd as a gentleman: someone pcssosaing force, atoadinosa, comprehenalvenoaa and versatility of intellect, with command over hla own powers. If these are the c.s.scntial qualifies of a gentle­man, the reaolullon of Australia's troubles will produce no doubl a gentlciiuiii who is alao an Australian.

Traffic Regulation The University la concerned about the number of

accidents and near accidents which havo occurred a t the Circular Drive, .St. Lucia Road and Mill Road Junction.

Aa the Circular Drive Is a luivate road, traffic leaving tho University site must yield right of way to tradlc on the public roads, viz. .St. Lucia Road and Mill Uoad. In an attempt to oonlrol the trafllc at this junction a ".Stop Before Kntcring" sign was erected, but this sign has been more often Ignored tlian ob-.soj-ved.

The Traflio Conmiisslon lijis now creeled an olTl-I'ial "Give Way" sign outside tiio Univor.sity property near tho junction concerned ;ind this sign will bo policed in the sanie way as are all oflioial tradlc signs 111 Briabane.

'I'ho same poailioii wilh ri'spect to right of way also applies, of cour.so, lo all exit roads from tho Univoisiiy alto and 1 would iippreelntc your lirlnglng this Information lo tho iiollco of .students.

{.'. J . CONNELL, KeglBtrar.

I'AHlvlNG AltA.XGKMKNTS AT .ST. LUCIA SITE — Willi respect to the parking arraiigemcnls which

well- introduced Ihia year on tho St. Lucia site, tho l'nivcr.sity is aatialled Ihat Die Jirrangementa have genoiQlly inovod suoccsaful and i.s pleaaod with the co-opeiiition which tho m;ijorlty of sturlonta have shown.

Tliore are. however, !i iiiiniber of aludcnla who apparently are ignoring the rrgulations, flratly with regaid lo the parking of vehiclea in unauthorised places and secondly in respect lo applying for permita to park on Iho .site.

Hegular cheeks aro now being made for vehicles which do not bear parking atiekcrs and tho persons concerned have been roquo.slod to make application for .stiekors. Failure to obtain a .sticker within a ro;i.soiiable time will result in a line being iiiipoaed on tho student concornod.

C. J . CONNELL, Ucgiatrar.

Quaint Legend Unearthed A Semper staff roporlor was having a drink tho

other day and, as it happoncd, began to talk to an old ehai) ill tbc bar. The old chap turned out to be a cleaner who had boon employed at tho Univoraily ever since it was Ilrst built and had been al SI. Lucia when tho Yanks occupied the building.

After a few boois, the old eliaii became quite talka­tive, and told our iciKntcr a quaint old legend. Apimrently, it was di.scovcrod by an American Gl who was half-Sioux liiilian, and wlio.se grandfntlicr had been a nicdU-Inc man, that the llgtires of .ShaUcspearc and l';ra.sinus, whloh grace the Arts 1':nlrance, Uilk to virgln.s during llic iiumtli of August ciicli year.

Our loporler was au.vious lo test this legend and asked ;i coujile of liis giilfrionds, but thoy said thoro was no truth In it al all as Ihcy couldn't hear anything.

IT CAN'T HAPPEN HERE W i l l i AI'OLDtJlKS TO C. XOllTJICOTE PAUKINSON

Tlio laical of the iiiisbohavloiinil aclcnoes is Couilto-logy, the study of Iho conimllteo as an orgauio growth. It is inevitable, in this age of specialisation, that students of Comilology should ooncentrale their work upon ono aspecl or anolhor of this vaat subject, and It so happens that current rosearch has centred mainly upon compara­tive chaii-inaiiily—inveatlgalion into the different methods by which different chairmen gel their own way in dif­ferent types of coninilttees.

Al the IiLslilulo of Coinilolog.v, .situated near, and nowadays lending to overshadow, tho ronUigou In Wash­ington. l),c„ tlio loading professors aro mostly compara­tive chairnuuiists. This fact iiiiial not blind us, liowover, lo the work being done in the closely allied field of I'alhclic Ilonsocllcism. It may well be that a futuro cliango of oinphasis will bring tho honsecllonolsis to tho fore. In the nioanwhilo, the rosulls of reeeiit work In comparative chairmatilly need lo bo more widely known.

.Students of coniparatlvo chairmanily h.ave agreed to cia.ssify Iheir work under the three general headings: 1, inanimistn; 2, blahmanlsm aud 3, confuiiionism. They a.»:auiiio Ihat It ia tho object of every chairman to have his own way wilh the minlmuni of effort and they classify chairmen, thoroforo, according lo the method each uses. Thus, the Inaniiiiisfs inelhod is lo prevent tho discussion becoming animated. For this purpose ho usoa a variety of toohnhiues of which the simplest and probably the best is lo bo partly or totally deaf.

Item 7; Application from Mr. Ncedham-Baddoloy for sin increase of omolumoiil.s. .May l take it that this appli-callon la rejected'?

Well, Mr. Chairman, it docs soom to luc that— Any objections'/ No'/ Very well, the application is

turned down.

There aro aovoral other ways of stining argument, and tho devout, inanlmisl will know them all.

The blahman achieves tlie aaiiio rosulla by different moans. Instead of allllliig discussion, the blahman en­courages It, enaurlng, however, that hla voice o'ertops the rest.

Tho eaacnce of this tcchnli|uc ia lo blind the com­mittee with aciencc. Facts and figures aro quoted rapidly, graphs are nuttered briefly, diagrams are waved, tech­nicalities mcnllonod and knowledge aaaumod. Chairmen of this school epoak like this: "The report before us

lualios it clear Ihal aciiievoiiioiil baltorioa did not, in tliis iiiKtanco. givo as coiwisteul a losuil aa tho ergogrupli lest —lousl of all wilh the cereljiotonic jiupila, u percentage of ilieso being loo oxtrutonsivo lo 111 into the behavioural patlern as produced from the liiter<|Uurlilo range and measured by the .Second Staiiford-Blnct Testing, You can see the poreeiilile eui-vo for youi'aeivca. I might add that the jagged histogram offers as meaningful evidenco the ooedicieui of coligutiou. With tho evidence ao clear, I think 1 may .safely assutiie that we accept the Sub-Committee's leooiiuueiidation'/"

Tho other inoiiil)orH ol' tho oummillco have no idea wliiil all this drivel is about, but thoy lack the courage to demand an explanation.

In the Held of comparative cliuirmanily, confusion is not a recent dovelopinoiil. Only during the lust two years, however, has there been any syslenialic study of this philosophic approach. The ooiifiisioiilst chairman allows the meeting to lapse inlo chaos, no one knowing wliat o.Naclly is being discussed, or oven around what item on the agenda Iho disagrocmonl has ari.scn. ICveryono ia speaking at onco, no two of tho speakers on Iho same subjoot and few on topics that aro oven vaguely related.

Smiling benignly, the chairman iulorjecls an ocoasional <iuestion f A r o you speaking for or against Iho amendment'/") Or an acid aside (•'Koally, I question whether thoao remarks should be minuted") adding fur­ther oljscurily to what is already obscure enough. After Ion iiiimites of uproar, the niombers iviuso tor breath, a t which point the chairiuau says: "Well, I think 1 rnay lake il that wo aro all agreed'.' To iiass on lo another imitler, which 1 proposo to consider somewhat out of aociueiice and about which lliore has already boon somo iuforinal diBCUSslou . . ."

Thoro is fro.sli uproar, hiatlng for lifleen minutes, a t llio ond of whioli tlie ohairnuin says: '•Thank you. With that lloni disposed of wo can proceed lo . . ." After some two hours of this, the chairman brings tho mooting to an ond.

A few days hilov, Iho niombers receive copies ot neatly tabulated mluutos, rooordlue the chalrmau'B decision on each item. "Tho secretary does a wonderful job," thoy tell each other, "lo make sense of It all."

•Study of what the hon. secretary did (supposing he did anything) luia littlo lo do with comparative chair-uuinlty. HonaecUcism ia u difforent BUbjoct altogother.

PAGE 6 SEMPER FLOREAT, FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1961

Thoughts on Yesterday's STRUGGLE Twcnty-llvc years ago last month the Spanish ClvU

rWar broke out. Tlieio havo been many civil wars in history: all have

been national Iragodlca aclllng father againat aon. brother against bioiher and leaving a legacy of hatred to haunt fiilure genorationa. But the Spanlali Civil W a r waa more than a national tragedy for It was .a world tragedy, a •aoono in ;i play in which World War II waa the final act. I'or a generation supromoly political, the .Spanish Civil

.War was TJXK iioIItlcal event of a Uirbulent decade; for ':i wliolc gonoi-allon outaldo, a atrugglo that was Intensely • national in Us origins look on a universal .s.vinboll.sm as tho propagand.'i of rival ideologies gave a highly ooiii-,plicated conlllct a fatal simplicity.

Wo, wise after tho event, now know tha t the Spanish rivil War was nol a batllo l>elweon Democracy and Fascism as the violent poleiiiios of the day aaacrtod. II remained "in essence what it had been iu origin—a clash bet ween all tho.4o forces in Spain which believed in i'eiiol)liean government aiul a iiolicy of social reforms, and all the other forces which clung to the old order and .sought in Ihe iiistllutiona of nillltary and fa,sci8t dlol;Uorshlp a mbre offoctivo nie;uia of pcrpcluatlng their prjv.er." Jlnwcvor, the alruggle waa inlorproted aa a clash IKIWOLU all tlioso forcoH thai w e r e in o])positiori in lliiropi- and the war assumed many of the asiiccta of a i:tiropean Civil War fought on Spanish lorritory. It w.ia unictiio ill that il Iia<l tho power to sol UngUahmau agoiiKsi Hnglishman. Italian agaln.st Italian. Gennnii against Cornian and Frenchman against l-Yonchmaii, Tho real Hiianl.sh triigody was that the Civil War became iiioDrporatod into Ihe wider Ivuropean conflict of oppos­ing Ideologies and competing nulioual ambitions.

.s'pain. pre-l!Kll, was a feudal backwater occupied, it was said, by its own army and dominated by the mosl iiiicilonary Catholic Church in I'^ui-ojio. The !iin8.scs of uorUeis and poa.sauls lived in misorablo conditions and Mrre dooi>ly lalluonced by Anarchism and anti-clorlcallsm. ('oniniuinsm was nol .strong in Spain as the social slruc-tiiic did not lend itself lo a Marxist anal.vsis and, besides till' Spanish teinperamoni seoniod lo favour tho extreme of ,\iiarclilsm. The Church was in much the same posi-litm lis Ihe Church In prc-KevoUitlonary France—the liieiiiohy. a privileged group, divorced from its flock, liitiiil on preserving lis vested Interesls than tending to Uie spiritual and aocial needs ot ils lulty. It was suggested by liberals that oven •'llcrum Novarum" waa on the Index in Siuiln.

The collaitse of tin- dictatorship of Primo de Hivora in r,»;in and llic abdication of Alphonso Xl l l led lo the i',slal>lislimonl of a Hopiibllc In lHHi. The elections of .hily tii.U year gjive :i victory to the moderate Left which beguu lo implomoiit long ovor<lue social. i>olitica\ and oeoiiomii' rofijrms which alruok deep at the interests of tile right-wing forces in Spain wlilch wore bJi.sed on tlic Church, the landed aristocracy, the monnrchiats and the army.

The Ki^'ht-wiug forces won the election of ViXi, the l.i'fl-wing being defeated I'y the Socialists' refusal to oollaborati' with the l.oft Hoiiuhllcans, and proceeded lo iopciil Ihe reform legislation of the previous Cortes. .Atiticii.ating popular reaction, thoy approached Hitler :uul .Mussolini to got thoir support fu,- a military coup d'etat to c.Mtabli.sh a IJiglit-wing dictatorship. The Rlght-V.ing Covi'rnmont viciously suiipressed a iiilncrs' strike in ucii which united Iho Lofl-wlng forces again.sl the •Oovc rniiiont In a I'opular Front. The elections of 1036 f:avo the I'i>iui!ar Front a majority but at tho expenac of tile C i n l r e Only 1!> Communlata Were elected to the t.'ortca .'«) (ho I'opular I'^ront Government waa by no i:ioaiis •'Ked-dominatod and Moscow-oriented" as its opiioniiits claimed. Nevorlholoss, the Right-wing forces dolertuiivd to ovovlhrow Ihe leglUmixtc Government by tlii.lr i>i;i rilled military coup d'etat, the traditional SiiaiiiNli ni'-tluKl. 'i'hoy o.\peeled a short struggle of two or ihiiv weeks but the unexpected devotion of tho niaasea ti> Ih'- K. pulilic aud foreign Inter vent Ion turned what Waa iiiU»<ti-(i to be !i revolt into a civil war.

It was .1 conibinallon of strategic, political and ideo-logical factors that cau.sod such iuienso international aetivity in tlio Spanl.sh Civil War. Italy and Germany

Intervened on the Nationalist side from the beginning and poured in mon and supplies which enabled tho Franco forcoa to achieve apcctacular early auccess, The Kopuhlicans appealed lo Franco, Britain and Ituasia for helii. Small quanlilies of aid did reach the Hepubllcans through France but this was .soon atoi)pod by tho otliclal Anglo-French policy of iion-intorventiou. Hrltain, mili­tarily weak and with a pacillsl electorate, was afraid that inlorvcntioii by tho Democracies on the Uepubllcan side could load (o a world war and put pressure on l'"'raiico lo prevent her inlervonlng. Tho I'opular Fi-onl Govorn-inont in France naturally wanted to assist a fellow I'opular l''roiit Governinont liiit because French nalloii.il soouiily against Germany doiKiided on Hritlah support, the Fi-onoli Popular Front was forced (o saoi-illeo tho Uopublioans. Tlic Xou-lntervontion policy was an inter­national agreement designed to prevent all foreign Inter­vention in Iho Si)anish Civil War which all major lliiiopoaii powers aigiieii. Germany and Italy tore up thia ".serap of iiaper" oven before tbo ink was dry and wont «u aiding Franco. Uussia was forced lo inii>rvcne on the Hopubliean side, not to J?,'I\O Ui'mocracy as lier propa-(ganda proelalined. bill to jirovont the creation of a fnHcist-conlrollrd Spain on France's .soul horn boi'dor. Hiisaia noodod l'"r:incc a.s .'in ally ag;iinst Cii'iiiuiny and a Fascial Spain v.ould weaken l'"rcncli reaislaneo to GornKiny.

Tho realities of Kuropcan power polilica v.ere dis-fiuisod by the Ideological oaiiioudago put out by both sides. l''roiii all over the world canio "auli-I'-asciats" lo f<Mui the Inter^aUoual Urignde. lalor romuntiolsod by llomingway. I'^raiico's po.so iis the dcfeiidor of Cliri.stlaiiily ugainsit the "atheistic llolshoviks" was shaken by hla exec-Ill ion of the nas(iiio clergy who supported tlio Uepub-liojins. Gorniaiiy pra< tiKod Iho tochnlqnes of total war and blitzkrieg aud Guernica Siniiiortalisod by IMcasso, a Uepubllcan, became a symbol to prod the world's con-Hoionce.

For inlellccUials of the Left the Spanish Civil War was tho "golden age of political certainty". Auden spoko for the intclligenlsia of his ago; •"J'omorrow for the young the poets o.vplodlng like bombs, Tho walks by the lake, tho weeks of perfect communion, Tomorrov,- the bicycle races Through the suburbs on summer evenings. Hut todivy

the slvugglo." Inlollecluals aa diverse ap Ernest Hemingway and

Goorgo Orwell could both light on the Republican side and not feel they were the dupes of emotional propa-giinda. Tho iiiyslUiue of the Civil War was strong enough lo convovt the cynical Inil realistic Hemingway of "A l-'arowoll to Anns" whoso I-'rodcrick Henry had .said "1 waa alw.-iy.H embarra.ssod by the words .sacred, glorious and .sacrillce nnd the expression in vain . . . I had soon nothing .sacred and the things that wore glorious had no glory and the sacriiioos were like tho stockyards of Chicago If nothing was done wilh the meat except to btiry it" to the idealist of "For Whom The Bell Tolls", wliosc Robert .Jordan dies making a "glorious sacrifice" lo delay fhe a<lvanclng h'ascisla. Goorgo Orwell explained (he signlllcanco of the Spanish Civil War to his fiercely pnlitlcal generation '•When the fighting broke out on the l.sih July. l!i:{(i, every anli-Fnscisl In Furopo felt a thrill of hope Kor hero al last was democracy standing up to I'asclsm. For years past the .so-called democratic cnuntrlos had been surrendering lo l-'asclsm at every Slop . . . Hut when Franco tried to overthrow a mildly Loft-wing Government Die Spanish people, againat alt oxpoclatlon, had risen against him. It seemed—possibly it was—the turning of the tide."

Yet Ihc same Civil War sjiw the beginning of tho dlsillusionmont of ihoso aanio intellectuals. Thoir belief that a lotalilarianism of the Ijcft would be free from tho vices of a totalitarianism of the Right waa a pathetic iiaivcto which Stalin and the Cold War (and for a lator jioneratinn, Hungary) dcslroycd. Their linn conviction that Ihe Left was right forced them Into the moral con-(ladiclion of sanctioning the logical amoralism of Ideo­logies if the ideology waa Left-wing and condemning it ;f tho Ideology waa Right-wing. Auden could condone ••the dclibeiato increase In the oliances of death, tho con­scious acceptance of guilt in tho ncccsaary murder;

HAS THE STUDENT BODY-^ Has the .student body prostituted itself completely,

litcr.iUy and metaphorically to the so-c.iIIed ethic and morality of our wider coninnintty. Formerly one could give a dtibiou.s .sh,ikc of the head and even timidly suggest that perhaps all its freshness and bloom had hot been lost, metaphorically speaking, at least. But the last vestige has been lost, sullied, trampled into the filth of modern society by the scramble of Miss University candidates.

There was a lime when one could a d upon the pro­mise that ideals .such aa "beauty", "Iriith", "juatlco" and "charily" had somo .slightly deeper signlllcanco within a univoraily. There waa ;il loaat aome compiohcnslon of tluir Inhciont meanings and an aecoinpiuiying rojcction of the debased standaids of the "town". Thoro was aspiration lo .something higher, loss soiled by the dirt of expediency nnd self gratlllcatlon.

The name of "Charity" hus been Invoked aa tho Justiilcation for tho Mlaa University Quoat. Proceeds are to go to W.U.S. to help overaeaa students who suffer from Intideiiuatc hoiialng, food, medical scrvlcoa and ao on. For thia worthy cauae (no irony Is Intended) we Initiate u guy social whirl, and cull upon all the trapplnga of lu.\ury and physical grutlflcutlon. Dancing, good food,

grog, music and so on, we drift dreamily down a prlni-i-oso path all In tho name of charity. Then wo h.ave tho actual machinery of tho contest itself, which, its ad-hoi^enta blithely asaure everyone "will not be a beauty conteat". It is unfortunate tliat thoy Immediately give their alatcmcnla tho lio by atating that they will bo there ill force to leer, adding the innuendo that anyone who dooan't isn't quite normal . . . or should the word be "fruslratod."

"Fallh, hope and charity, thcao three and the greatest of them ia charity". How ludricrous 11 becomes. Charity Is another money spinning word like Easter or Christmas. Tims we designate the inlluence which prompla people to buy raffle tickets, or fancy ribbons so that no ono else will bother them for money. Charity la no longer aoiuo-llilng apringing from inward motivation, it la a businesa using all the tricks of tho modern world. All the glitter and glamour ot modern advertialng la brought to play. Alodern mansions, race horses, nippy aports cars or gleaming American saloons are alluringly paraded before our eyes as tho poasible reward of our charity. No atono ia loft unturned to beguile the public and extract aonio money from them by one pretence or another. No charity is a auoceaa without a gimmick whether It Is tho possibi­lity of fnhuloua riches or the good old atandby of exploit­ing tho BOX appeal of a bevy of port young girls.

And this Is what wo call charity—not only tho coin-

Today the expanding of iiowors on tho Hat ophomoral pamphlet and the boring nieoUng" and not fool a sense of guilt for his cause was "just". This attitude horrified Orwell, an honest intolleetual, who noted llial the i>lira.so "necessary murdor" rould only havo been wrilton by a person "to whom murdor is ai most a word". Mo rcoog-nifiod the monstrous contradietions of an ideology which ilcmaiuled of its good party men "In tho tuorsiing a couple of ijoliijc'iil mui-dor.s. a tcii-nilmitc intcriiido fo sllllo 'bourgeois' roiiiorso. and then a hurried luncheon .'ind a busy aftornnon and evening chal!;ing w.'ills and jli.strlbiiting leaflets", yet v.hicli claiinod lo bi' fa.shhining a liotlor world, Xor did llio eouiradictious of the Uritlsh I..!ibour Pai'ty pass unnoticed. The Labour Party loudly ricinandoil irUorvcnllou in .''iiain (o resist l-'n,scisni. vol constantly voted against icunianieiU wliieh .'iloiio could mako resistance possible.

But it v,as Russia which cau.sod tho "honest Intel-kcl i ia 's" of the Left llio mosl soiil-searoliing. Russia. ;ilo)io of Iho Great Powers. iiitei'\Tned to help Iho Uopub-licjins lienco her great popularity with tho Loft. Yet those who oxninined the slliialioii oi- were caiiglii up In tho actual sti'ugglo found ovidi'iicc of a rovoUUiou and ;\ jicople liolrayod to servo (ho ends of Russian national interests, Tho Rcpulilic.'U:s wei-e lighting for more than ili(> Ropiihlic; (hoy were (iRhling for thoir liovoliition of .social and economic reforms.

Hut, for Slallu. faced with tho inouaoe of Uiller. it v.as vital to foster a rapprocln-nirnt witli Hngland and I''ianco. Riii if Spain lia<l its "Octobci" jioworful con-Hcrv.itivo elenioiils in P.ritain ;ind l»'i-aiico, more afiaid of tho "l!cd Peril" (li;in (he '•N'ai:l Menace", would veto any alliaiico with Uussia. Stalin, thus, did ovorylliing Ui liis power lo suppress tho Hovolutiomuy Left in tho Rcimblican forces. Ho soiil agonl.s of the NK\'j) to Spain lo purge Anarchists. Trotskyito Coiiiiiuinists and other Radicalfl from the Republican r:iiiks. Ii was poetic justice, that the leader of the purge squad in Spain waa himself iiurgod on his return to Russi.-i. He fernientod a civil v.ar within a civil war in Barcelona, and Russian a rms were distributed on political ralhof ihan stri-.togic grounds. TIius had the Communi.st movomcnt degonoraled inlo an instrumcut of Russian foreign i->oiicy; SUxlinisin and Socialism in ono country had forged new chains for the workeiB of the world. TODAY T H I C B A T T L I - :

Tho Spanish Civil War. as a nillltary engagemoiit ended in I93fl hut the tu-opagunda ImUle still poos on although I'^-anco'a former oneniies are not so voc.il now— Kiialn is too valuable to the West for air bases against Ru.ssia, Franco's didaloiiihip. the shame of all liberal Calholios, is consolidated by the army and conaecr.itod by Iho Church, The old Nalioni\lisl i^vopagaiida line Is slill ill ii.se. roprcsonting tho Republicans as Communists and l'-ianco us protector of God. Church and Country- There is, of course, no mention of industrialists, landlords, army oflicers and bishops with vested interests In the regime. Roecnlly. the nircctor of tho Oillce of Informa­tion and Statistics of the Church in .Spain, a ra ther in­volved euphemism for political propaganda, absolved Franco from the execution of the Ba.squo clergy on the rather shaky theological ground that Franco hadn ' t killed na many priests as the "Communists". All of which brings to mind Albert Camua" comincnta.

"When a Spaniah biahop blesses (may wc add es-cusea) political e.vecutions, ho ceises to bo a bishop or a Christian or oven a man: ho is a dog just like tho one who, backed by an ideology, orders that execution without doing tho dirty work himself, ^\'o are still wait­ing, and 1 am waiting, for a grouping of all thoao who rcfuac to be dogs and are roaolvod to pay the iirico that nuiat bo paid .so that vv.in can be sometliing more than a dog,"

The World la still waiting for a grouping of all tlioso soclallata and Intcllecluala who are prepared to recog­nise the niasalve tolalilariaiiiam which disguises Itself with the li-applngs of the Left. Wc arc atill waiting for a grouping of all thoao who oppose all dictatorship, whether Left or Right, whether sanctioned by an ideo­logy or a religion, for wo still have not learnt the lessons of the Spaniah Civil Wnr.

J- n. DALTOK

niunlty at largo hut al.so the Unlvoralty. No thought of tho inward meaning of the word. No concession to the impli­cations of lovo, of compassion of sacrillco which aro tho essence of the term. Ciiarlty Implies sacrifice, giving that which you can 111 afford because some one else'a need Is greater, heeause some cause la moro worthy of the money and we thoughlloasly. out of our aurfelt and satiety, as tlian are the personal comforta of the donor. .Sacrlflcc— some obaeuro and unimportant end of our own gratlftca-tion. call upon charity as tho justincallon for our actions, for our prostitution of tho only things which can really servo to belter our society, our world.

Perhaps I ask too much. The contagion and con­tamination lies all around us. Vanity lo think that ono section could withstand tho Inaidlous and all pervading values of our era of mass communications and of mass culture. My only i-ogret la that wo havo neglected the proof which lay before our eyes. Laat your while main­taining a BlnBlcmlndedncsa of charity Tho Refugee Year Appeal Coinmltteo by collection only, without tho t rap­plnga of a social whirl, ran tho moat successful appeal cvor a t tlie Unlvoralty. Why tho same committeo and the aanio methods were not used for W.U.S. I will never understand, but then to quote tho last Issue ot Semper: At last wc liavo cuiight up. No longer will U.Q. students linvo to hang their heads in slmnic wliilc students from other varsities boast of Uicir Miss University Contests.

All I need now la somo effort of verbal gymnastlca tn reply which will justify Mlaa University Contoata as highest and purest concept of tho mind of man.

—J.M.G.

PAGE 6 SE/v\PER FLOREAT, FRIDAY, AUGUST 'I 1961

Thoughts on Yesteiday's STRUGGLE Twcnty-flvc j ea r s ago last month the Spanish Civil

"War broke out, Thoro have been many civil wars in history; all have

been ivalional tragedies setting father againat son, brother against brother and leaving a legacy of hatred to haunt futuic generationa. But tlie Spanish Civil War waa more (hail a national tragedy (or It was a worid tragedy, a scone in a play in which World War II waa the final act. For a generation aupremely political, the Spanish Civil War waa THE political event of a turbulent decade; for ;: whole generation outside, a alruggle that waa intensely iialionul in ita origina took on a univcnsil s.vinholisin as the propaganda of rival ideologiea gave a highly com-pUcaled oonSlict a fatal simplicity.

We. wise after the event, now know that the Spanisii Civil War was not .-i battle between Democracy and I'nscism as the violent polemics of tho day a.sacrtod. II remained "in es.scnce what it had boon in origin—a cla.sh lielweon all those forces in Spain which believed in republican governnient and a policy of social reforms, and all the other forces which clung lo the old order ;uui sought ill tho institutions of military and fascist dictalorHlil]) a more effective means of perpetuating thoir power." However, the .struggle was intcrprolod as a clash between all those forces that w e r e in opposition in l-;iiropo and the war assumed many of the aspects of a I'Juropcan Civil War fought on Spanish territory. II was

,uiU<iiio in that il had the power to sol Knglisliman ngaiual linglishman, Italian against Italian, Gorman against Gorman and I''ronchman against Frondiiiian. 'i'ho real Spanish tragedy was that the Civil War bocamo

limuirpoi'atod into the wider Furopoan conflict of oppos­ing idooiogies and competing national ambitions.

'. . Spain, pre-1931. was a feudal biickwalor occupied, it was siiid, by its own army and dominated by the mosl reactionary Catholic Church In I'^uropc. The masses of workers and peasants lived in miserable conditions and v.ore deeply inllucnced by Anarchism and antl-cloricalism. Communism was not strong in Sjiaiii as the social slruc-(iiro (lid not lend itself to a Marxist analjsla and, besides tlio Spanish temperament soeined lo favour tho extreme of .Vnarchisni. The Cliurch was in much tho same posi-(ion ns the Church in pro-Revolutionary Franco—the iiieraohy, a privileged group, divorced from ils Hock, iiitint on preserving its vested interests Hum tending lo the apiritual and social needs of Its laity. It was suggested liy liberals that even "Rerum Novarum" was on the Judex in Spain.

Tho oollapsc of the dlctalor.sliip of Primo do Rivera ill Lino and tho aljdication of Alphonso XIII led to tho establishment of a Ropiiblic In 1931. The olectioua ot July Ihat year gave a victory to tho moderate Left wliicli began to iiiiplemont long overdue social, political and economic reforms which slriick deep at llio Intcroats of flic right-wing forces in Spain which were based on tho Church, (ho landed aristocracy, the monarchials and the army.

Tho Ri.vrht-wing forces won the election of 1933, the Left-wing lielng defeated by the Socialists* refusal lo collaboralo with the Left Rcpublicana, and proceeded to lopoal tho reform legislation of the previous Cortes. Aiificii>a(iiig popular reaction, they approached Hitler and Mti.ssoliiii to get their aupport for a mililary coup d'ftnt to ostai)li.sli a Right-wing dlclalorsliip. The Riglit-v.ing Govorimient viciously suppressed a minors' strike ill lli.ll which united the Lofi-wlug forces against tlic Govoinmcnl in a Popular I'-ront, The elections of 1336 gave (ho Popular Front a majority but at tho expense of llio i.'entre Only 15 Communists were elected lo the Cortes ao the Popular Front Government wns by no iHoans ••Rod-doiiilnated and Moscow-orlcntcd" as lis u})ponoiils claimed. Novortholcss, tho Right-wing I'orcea dctormliK^d to overthrow the legitimate Government by Uioir pUinnod military coup d'etat, the traditional .Spanish niolhod. Thoy expected a abort struggle of two or tJiroo weeks but the unexpected devotion of Ihc masaea to llii> Roimblic and foreign intervention turned what was it,tended to bo a revolt Into a civil war.

Il was a ooinbinalion of atratogic, political and idco-iogical factors that caused such intense inlernational svcUvily in the Spanisii Civil War. Italy and Germany

intervened on the Nationalist side from the beginning and poured In men and supplies which enabled tho Franco forces to achieve apcctacular early aiicccsa. The Uopublicans appealed lo France, Urllaln aud Russia for help. Small quanlitiea of aid did roach the Republicans lliroiigh France but this was .soon stopped by tho ollidal -Apglo-Froich policy of noji-fnloi reiitioti, Britain, mili­tarily weak and with a iiacilLst electorate, was afraid that iiitcrveiitioii by the Uomocvacies on the. Ropublicau side eouid lca<l lo a world war and put pressure on I'ranco to prevent her iiitorveiilng. The I'opular l-'roiil Govorn-ineiil in Franco iialiirjilly wanted to assist a fellow i'ojiular l-'ront Government but because P'roiit'li national security against Goruuiuy Uopoudod on Uritish supporl. tlte Froiii'li Popular l''rout was forced (o .sacriilco the Kopublicans. Tho \on-In(orvontion policy waa an inter­na tional agreomoiil designoti to prevent nil foreign Inler-vitition in the Spanish ( ivil War wliloh all major l^i.'ropc.an powers siftuod. Goruiauy atui Italy loto up this ".si-raii of p;iper" oven before Ihe ink was dry and wont on aiding l-'raiioo. liu.ssia was forced to inlervono on the Hopubliean side not to save I >i-iiioiracy as iit-r jiropii-icranda proclaimed, hut to iirovoni the cro;itii>ii of a fascist-controllod Spain on l''iaiico"s soutUcrii border, liu.ssia iiei>dcd I ' lanic as an ally aj;ainsf Girinaiiy ami a l'"a.scist Spain would weaken l-'reneh nsislanco to CU'rniaiiy.

The rtiilitioR fif l-Imnpi :ui power politics v.ero dis-^iiisod by Iho Idoolojiical tui.i<m!lai;o (ui( out liy lioth sides. From all ov-'t- tho world e;ime "an(i-l''aKcists" lo form the Intciiiational lli-i.:;ade. talei- lomaiitici.sed by lUniiilgvvny. I'-ranro's po.so as the dcfiiider of ('hristianity againat the "atlieistic BolslicviUa" was ahakeii by hla oNetMilioti of tho Iki.snue clergy who luipiuii'tod tho llopub-lieaiis. tJoi-maliy praclijn'cl ibe leohniqiios of total war ami blitzliriog and Giioiiiiea immortall.sed by Picasso, a Itopilbllcan, bocamo ;i .symbol to prod the world's ooii-scionee

For iiitollocttmls of the Loft the Spauish Civil War was the "golden age of pollticiil certainty". .-Viidcn spoks for llio inlolllgoiitsla of his age: "Tomorrow for the young the poets oxi>Ioding like bomb.s, The walks by the lake, tho weeks of iierfoet communion. Tomorrov.- the bioyele races Through the suburbs on suiiimor ovotilngs. Hut today

the struggle." IntellocUials as diverse w ICriiost llomingway and

Goorgo (,h-well could both light on (ho Hepublicaii side and not feel they were the dupos of emotional t>ropa-gaiida. The mystique of tho Civil War was strong enough lo convert tho cynio;il but realistic lleiiiltigway of " A i''arowell to Arm.s" whoso l-'rodorick Honvy had .said "I was ahv.'iys embatr;ussod by tho words saerod, glorious and saerilioo nnd Iho oxineaslon in vain . . . I had seen tiolhin.g sacred and Ihe things thai wore gloi-ioii.s had no glory and the .sacriiioos wore like the stockyards of Chicago if nothing was done with tho meat except to bury it" to Ihc idealist of ••For Whom Tho Hell Tolls", v.lio.so Robert Jordan dies making a "glorious sacrifice" to delay the advancing I'asoist.s. George Orwell explained the significance of llie Spanish Civil War to his llorcoly political generation "'Whon the lighting broke out on the LSth July, l!i;n;. every antl-Fasoi.st In Ktiropo felt a thrill of hojio. For hero at last waa doiiiocraoy ataudlng up to l'"ascisiii. l''or years i>a.sl the so-called doniocratir eotiiitries had boon surrendering fo I'','i.soi.sm at every atop . . . But when Franco tried to overthrow a mildly Loft-wing Govoriimont the Spanish people, against all oxpodation. had risen against him. It aoetuod—possibly it was—the ttirniiig of the lido."

Y d the same Civil War saw tho beginning of tho disilluslonmonl of vho.se .same intolloctuals. Thoir belief tliat a totalitarianism of the Loft would bo free from (lie vices of a lotalltarlauism of the Right waa a pathetic naivete which .Stalin and the Cold War (and for a lator Kotu'iatioii. Hungary) destroyed. Their llmi conviction that the Left was right forced thoin into Iho moral coii-tiadiotioii of .sanctioning tho logical amoralism of Ideo-lottles if the Ideology was Left-wing and condemning It .f the ideology was Right-wing. Auden could coiidono '•the doliborato increisso in tho chances of death, the coii-sdoua acceptance of guilt in Ihc nocesaary murder;

HAS THE STUDENT BODY--Has the student body prostituted itself completely,

literally and metaphorically to the so-called ethic and morality of our wider comnnmity. Formerly one could give a dubious shake of the head and even timidly suggest that perhaps all its freshness and bloom had not been lost, metaphorically speaking, at least. But the last vestige has been lost, sullied, trampled into the filth of modern society by the scramble of Miss University candidates.

'I'Jiorc waa a time when ono could act upon tho prc-uiiso thai Ideals auch as "beauty", "truth", "juatlco" and "charity" had .some slightly deeper significance within a university. Thoro waa al leaat some comprehenalon of tlieir iiihoront meanings and an accompanying rojccllou of tho debased standards of tho "town". Thoro was aspiration to aomelhing higher, loss soiled by the dirt of expediency and .self gratification.

Tho name of "Charity" haa boon invoked as tho justiilcation for the Mlaa University Qucat. Proceeds are to go to W^U.S. to help overseas students who suiter from liindequale housing, food, medical services and so on. For this worthy cause (no irony ia Intended) wo Initiate a gay social whirl, and call upon all tho trapplnga of luxury and physical gratification. Dancing, good food,

grog, music and ao on, wo drift droatnily down a prim­rose jiatli alt in tho namo of chaiity. Then we havo the actual machinery of the contest itself, which, 11.' ' 'ad­herents l)lilholy assure everyone •'will not bo a licauly eonlcst". It is unforlunalo that they iiiiiiiedlately give their sttttcinonts the lio by .staling that thoy will bo there ill force to leer, adding the innuon<lo that anyone who doesn't isn't quite normal . . . or should the word bo "frustraU'd."

"Faith, hope and charily, these throe and the greatest of them Is charity". How Uulrlcrous it hocomos. Charily is another money spinning word liiNO Faster or Christmas. Thus wc designate the Inlluence which prompts iicoplc lo buy i-afllc tickets, or fancy ribbons so that no one else will bother them for money. Charity is no longer some­thing apringltip from Inward motivation, it ia a businoaa using all the trieka of the modern world. .VU the glitter and glamour Of modern advertialng ia brought to play. Modern mansions, race horses, nippy sporls cars or gleaming American saloons arc alluringly paraded before our eyes ns Ihe poaaibic reward of our charity. No stono Is Icfl unturned to beguile fhe public and extract some money from thom by one pretence or another. No charity is a aucccsa without a gimmick wliethor it ia the possibi­lity of fabulous riches or the good old standby of exploit­ing the sex appeal of a bevy of pert young girls.

And this Is what wo call charity—not only tho corn-

Today the expanding of powers on the ilat oiilu-moral pamphlet and the boring mooting" .'ind not fed a sense of guilt for his cau.se was "•just", 'I'iils altitude horrilled Orwell, an honest intolloolual. who noted thai ihe idiraso "nocoH.sary iiiiirdor" could only h.'ive been wriiteii by a pi ran 11 "to whom murder is at iiui;<! a ttuiil". lb- rerog-uised the monslroits contradiclioii.s of an i,le(i|ot:y which deiiiaridod of its good party men •'iii Hie itKirnini,' .'i eouplv of political minders, a len-ir.inule interlude tn .slillo 'bourgeois' iemor;!i-. ;md (hi-ii a limileil lundieon and a busy afternoon and evi-ning clialMiiLr v.all.s and di-sliil>iiling le:iflds". yi>i v.liieli elaiiin'd lo li.' lashioiiini; a bettor world. Nor did the e(>iuriidlrniins o( Hie l!i-iti-sli Labour Party pass unnotieod. The l.iiinmr l\irl>- lomlly lUinaadod InfervetitidU in l- paiu le fi-nti't l''asei.siii. yet i"(inst;intly \'otiMl against narm.inieat '.vi.icii ainpe (ouM ii';il:e tosislaiu'e po.ssible.

liitt il v.as liu.ssia v.hieh <-aii.'<iHl tl|... "liotu'St imel-b etuais" of She LeVI the iim.sl tioiil-scuriliiiu;, Russia, .•ildlie of the (;reat Power.s. intervened I" belli iliv Itetuib-licaiis hence her n e a t P'niularity vvilii tlio l.eii. Vet those who cxaniilied Ihe .sitiiaiinii ni- were eaii^jit i;p in the actual :<lrugglo found evidenee of a i evdluliiMi and .i IH'opk- iH'tvayed to serve llie en'is t>V Uiissiati national iotorests. Tile Kepiib!ie;ii:s were lifrhlini,- for more than ibi' Uopublie: tliey were (ifihlin;; fur Iheji' Ucvoliilion of ;-i--(ial and I'conomie ceforuis.

HlK. for St.ilill. faced willi ilie tinnaee «( lliller. It v.;«K vital to fnstei- :i rapi>vi>ehemenl witti l-Inglnnd an<l l-'ianee. Hut if Spain lia<l ils "Oiiuber" pov.eifiil eon-.serv;iti\e cleiiieiits in Krilaia ;iiid Fi-aiii'i-, tuore afriiid (if the "lied Peril" than the "Na/.l Mi'li.iee". v.ould velo any alliance with liu.ssia. Stalin, (liu;;. il|,| everything iti \.\i\ powvr lo !Uip|ireWi the lUvolutiisiiary l.efl in Ihe lit publican forces. He sent agent.-; of the NKVIi to Spain lo purge .Aiiardiist.s. Trotskyito t'ominunj.st.s aiul other Ivailloals rrom tiie Uopiiblictiit rallies. It was poitii' justice. tlial (lie le:ider of the purge siiiiad in Stniiu was himself purged ou his relurn I" Uussia, lie I'enoenieil a civil war within ;i civil war In Har<-cloi!!i, .'itid Kiissiaii arms were dislrilnitpd on polltieal rather titan .strate;,'le .uroitiids. Thus had the ConiimuiisI inovenieiit ileKoueratod into an in.sti-iimont of Russian foreign i)oliey; St;ilinism and Socialism in one couiilvy had forged uew chains for the workois of tho world, TODAY 'run ll.VTTLI';

The Siiiiuish Civil War, as a milil.n-y engaKonietil ended In Ifi.'iO but the propauMiuia bailie still goes nn iilUioviCh Franco's former oneniies are iu>| so vocal now— Spiiiti i.s too valuable tii the West for ah- bjise.s auaiiisf Ptissia. !''raiieo's dietalorship. the sliaiin- oi' all lilxi-sl ralliolics. is eoiisolidatecl by the aitu>' atui conset'iated by (ho Chiirdt, The old .Nadoit.-ilisl propafjaiida line i.s still* ill use, representing the Ueuublieans aw femuiuni.sts and l-'raneo as ))roted"r of God. Churcli ;ind Country. There is, of eourse. no iiienlioii of inilu.slrialists. laiullords, army oilicors and bishops with vesied inlerests in llie regime. IJecetitly. Iho Hiredor of the ojlice of Informa­tion and Statistics of Iho Cluiroh iu Spain, a raiher in­volved etipliemi.siii for iiolitical propaf,-anda. :ibsolvod l-'ranort front the oxeeufioii of the na.siiiii. elifgy on the r;i11ter sltaky (hoolopical ground that l-'raiK-c) li;idn't killed us tiiany lu-iosls as the "i"omrmiiiist.s". All of which brings to mind .VUievl Cuuiua* oommouts.

'•When il .Spanish bi.shop blesse.s (iiiay we add ex­cuses) polltieal execulions. he ci-a,sos lo be a bislioti or a Christian or even a man: he is a dog jusi like the one who, backed by :in ideology, orders ih.-u execution without doing the dirty work lilinscU. W(> are still wait­ing, and I am walliii.g, for a jctoupiu^' of all those who refuse to be dogs and are resolved (o pay the iirici' that must bo paid so Unit iiiihi can be .soiui-lliiiig more than a dog,"

Tho v,-orld ia still waiting for a i:rouplng of all those socialists ami Inldleduals who :ire piepareil to recog­nise tile lua.ssive lotalilarianism whieli disgiiLses It.self wilh (ho trappings of Ihe l.oft. We aro stni waiting for a grouping of all tlio.se who opjiose it]| dlela(nrshlp. whether Loft or Hight. whether sanrtinuod >iy .-in ideo­logy or a religion, for wo slill have not lotimt the losaona of the Siianlsh Civil War.

J. H. PALTON

iiitmity a( large but also (lie University, No tlioiigbl of Iho inward meaning of (he word. No eoiicession to (be impli-eatioiis of love, of oonipa.s.slott ot sacrillce which aro tlie e.^seiteo of tlio loriii. Charity implies .saorlflee. giving that which you can ill afford because somo ono else's need la groator, boeaiiso some cause is more ",ortliy of the money and we tliotightlos.sly. out of our surfeit uiid .satiety, aa tlian are tlie personal comforts of tbo donor. Sacrillce— .some obscure and uniniportaiil end of our own gr.illllea-tlon. oall upon charily as the jiistilieatioii for ouv aclloua, for our prostitution of tho only things which can really servo to bottei^ our sodoty, our world.

Perhaps 1 ask too much, Tho contagion and con-tamitialioii lies all around us, \ 'anlty to think thai ono •sodlau eould withstand the insidious and all pevvadlng values of our era of mass coiumunlcatloiis and of mass culture. My only rogrot is that wo have tioglodod the (iroof whieh lay before our eyes. Last ye.u- while maiii-tainliig a alnglomindednoss of diarl ty Tho pefiigeo Year Appeal (^oiuiultloo by colloeUon only, wlUiout the ivap-piiiga of a social whirl, ran the mo.st successful aptioal o\'or al tho Universlly. Why the same coiniuittee aud tho saiuo molhods were not used for W.U.S, I will never understand, but then lo quote the last Issue of Semper: .At lust wo have caught up. No kuiger will U.Q. stwdciits have to hang tlielr lieads in shiuno while students from other varsities boast of their Miss UnlvorsHy Contests.

All 1 need now is sonic effort of verbul gymnaatics in reply which will juallfy Miss Utiivcrsiiy Contoata as hlghcat and purest concept of the mind of man.

—j.sr .G.

SEMPER FLOREAT, FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1961 PAGE 5

WHENCE THE GENTLEMAN? W. TYLER

A gentleman is a capricious animal, he cannot be

bred everywhere. America has not yet produced one,

nor does slic ever look like doing so.

'I'lie jiresonl-ilay jxivorty of llie Australian ruling class *-an bo c\]iliiincd l)y the failure of this country to liri't<<l licr own gciuleniiin; .she has too long adored the Uiiglisli IIKMICI. We are ihercrorc fiiccd KHlay with the tmradox of liiulng nioi'i- intellcduiil.s lliiin ever bcforo and fewer nilcr.s, iiiitrc criticism and less guidance. The hahincc of nature has been ujisct, and until Australia hrewls a gentleman of her own lo rccoiidlc Ihc new tensions In the tine clmrnctei' lM»e, thought and action will bcconio even more niihec<lful of cadi «itlicr. The luliiig da-s-s Is one group whicli dw's not lend itself readily lo Ihe <ihislon of labour,

Austi'alla has never boon more awai'o of her need far liitellodual leadership IhiUi today. The frontier men-ttilily which lietoriiihied iiiudi of Auatralia's dealing with tile world at tho early part of the century has been rudely diKoriontod by a world war and !in indiiatriHl boom, Tho changes have boon felt al the londoresl pari of hor ttaditiona, hor Britisji derivation and her left-wing politicM, Post-war industrialism has manufactured a now cla.ss systein whieh is lugging liard al her links with tile ooloiiiiil past. This last decade has .seoii Hie rise lo (lomiiianoo of a iiouveaiiu-richo in the cities, born not only from iirosperity, but also front intornalloiial changos In the oigaiil.satioii of Industry, Industrialism has given us tho bureaucrat, tho technologist, the executive, and it has been this class which has set the .social pace. The mass media have served to spread the values of this class downwards to tlic old proletariat, newly convinced of the iiossibllities of the lino arta of conaumerahlp and subtM'biinship. A shift in values haa resulted, observable at all levels; the dooadoiico of matoaliip, the dominance of ono-tiputaii.slilp and the malcrlaliat ethic and a ro-oriontatioii of culture towards America.

Never lisis Auatralia boon more acutely aware of her itee<l for aulhorilalivc guidance, for il would bo diflicuit lo tind a class more ooiiHoious of ils rootlessncas and more subject to insecurity feelings than the now industrialist eli te t'nforluiiately. though well aware of the need, the lasl gioup lo respond has been the Intellcctuala them­selves.

Hlatorically. the reaction of the Australian i.ntellec-Itials ia understandable Two strong currents, one local, the other International, have forced them into the position of marginal liKlucnce which Ihey occupy today. Locally, lltero has been always ii good deal of unrest and ambiva­lence in the Intellecluars chiiracter. Ho has cither adopted llio mores of Kngland, or has remained deliberately AiiNtiallaii. Ill ndther caso has be boon fully acclimatized or aeceplod: whichever dircotiou he has tended, tho choice has been a ooiisoioiis one The schizophrenia is e.\])i-esKed best iu tlte rift most iitlolloctuals havo had lo make liolweeii Iheir political values (liomogrowii and u.siially ladical) and their cultural ones (exotic and u.siially boiiigoois). Never havo the universlliea played a cigniilcaiitly creative role in national life.

liocauso of this the sudden ohangoa of the past de iade have swept uwiiy what roots the univorsllloa may have had among the iiiassos and lei them drift by Ihem-.selvea ill Hie general llnx. The aeardi for acceptance beeamo doubly diflicuit: not only did the intellectual fall to perceive tho need for a change in his role, but there waa no exlallng channel through which his influence could In- fell, no iustitutiona with a tradition of sympathy with iiitelleettial guidance, .vustralia had not evolved a native ruling class by which the gap could be closed. Her cul-(iiial life was still at its grass roots .stage. There was none of Ihe resilience or floxiblllty In the Auatralian rcs-pou.se to tho posl-war changes .iiich as Ihal observable In I'.ritaln or l-'ranoe The lid came off Auatralia without mlioli eK'oit.

The bewilderment of the iiitdlectual e.vpre.ssod llsdf r.i.st in aliotlive atlempts to regain mass favour through Ihe old political liaison, either by extromlsl agitation or. at a later stage, by setiii-huinaiiitarlaii iiiovemouta like the .New Left. The main leaetion lo his loss of identity wiis. however. In neuiralisiu and withdrawal.

Tho revulsuin or the intdlocluala (o the viilgarisalion and debilitation of laste is nol a peeullarly Australian plionomonou. 'I'he effects of this widespread feeling were of peculiar Imimrtaiieo lo tho outlook of the Auslralian iiilolleetiial. howovor, lemiiuis aa were his links with hl.s lellow.s. As tlio winds of phlllsllnism threatened to batter Into his .saiietuaries. |i |;,. a true .schizophronic. ho with­drew furlher into himself. This Inlvovorslon ia well latioiiallzod lliroughuut Ibe periodieal lileraluro of the ilecade, in the current Inlernational jargon. Such aubjocta fis Snows "Two Cultures", "the menaooof red-lirick", "the crisis of values", mass civilization and minority culture'^, .•ire familiar fare.

Thai Iho bulk reaction was a naive nouiralisiu can bo easily .seen by the staiitiard of undergraduate jouriial-iam during tho decade, Faood wilh tho hiigo foe of "Ntudonl apathy", sludent odilors have taken steiis against It either by at taeking It <ilrodly and bluntly or by luring It into the "right" direction by making "l.ssues". 'J'ho flial. which implies coiiious iimoiiiits of MOIOIUII rhetoric Is less poinieioiis than (he lader which adively licrveits feeling by d i roding It towards Iho irieievaul und tho spurious. The ullciiipls to create iaauua out of

such (luesttons as aboriginal right.s. Catholic Action, con­trols on Academic I-'roedotii, and oven Anzac Day illus-Iralo well enough the dullness of editorship and the dio.ss of student opinion, both unwilling to bo tortured into any new shape or into wearing any new form.

.N'aturc abiioia an inldlcctual vacuum. An under­standing of the two main historic cau.sea of tho vacuum sliouid indicate what tho new order will be like. Tho iiialal.sc of the present has been the direct outcome of the (raditional in.stabllity in the character of the Aus-fialian intolleetual, aggravated from without during tho past dorado by the new International rc-orlciitation of society. Tho vitality of tlio change has resulted nol only ill the dis.soltition of the old patlcrn.s, but a temporary aiisohco of any pattern. Auslralia today is without culture, leadcr.ship or ideology. Sho must face the fact that she Is fust losing her national identity.

If the failure has been caused mainly by the weak­ness of tho diaracler of her elite, thia character must bo leformed. This Inadequacy was In the past largely a I>urely per.sonal pioblom. The fact that today the prob­lem h.ia also become eommon lo the real of society lenders it more acutely personal, and all the more urgent, ironically onougli. tlic nature of the problem has been perceived by mosl intellectuals, in many cases painfully. What haa not been perceived ia the personal relevance of the criaia. It is only by a reformation of intellectual d iaractcr on the peraonal level tha t a aolution is possible. With all the bloodless aridity of over-ecrcbralion and ovor-spccializalion all that most Intellectuals have ex­perienced has been an onervated detaclinient or a feeling of pa.s.sive futility. The growth of religious bodiea is the best evidence of the nature of this "mal do aijcle". It has not yet occurred to the imdlectuala that tlic inslilutiona may be redeemed by their own efforts, outaldo the limlta of the cloister: nor have they realized that only by eoiiacious striving can the forces which condition change bo thomselvea changed.

Australia's institutions, her churches, her achools, hor political life are Intdlcctually bankrupt. Without tho cohesive restraint of a ruling class of native origin, the vast changes ot the last decade have swept paat, leaving them unaltered. Unleas a new elite, capable of truly radical thinking asacrta itself aoon, the old roots will be exposed, and tho Inatitullona will follow the flood. The need for a reformation of ruling class character is not a hovel one. It has been faced In turn by all the major I::uropean civilizatlona, Renalssanco Italy, Bovcnteonth-ccntury France. Victorian England. The aolutiona have, however, been remarkably similar, In that the character evolved was like what Newman dellned as a gentleman; .someone posaessing force, stcadinesa, comprehonslvenoss and versatility of intellect, with command over hia own powera. If these arc the essential qualities of a gentle­man, tho reaolullon of Australia's troubles will produce no doubt a gontleman who is alao an Australian.

Traffic Regulation The I'nlversity ia concerned about the number of

accidenta and near accidcnta which have occurred a t the Circular Drive, St. Lucia Road and Mill Road junction.

As the Circular Drive is a private road, traffic leaving the University site must yield right of way to traffic on the public roads, viz. St. Lucla Road and Mill Road. In an at tempt to control the trafllc a t this junction a "Stop Bcforo Entering" algn was erected, but this sign haa been more often ignored than ob-aerved.

Tho Trafllc Coinniiasion has now erected an offi­cial "Give \Vay" sign outside the Univoraily property near the junction concerned and thia algn will be policed in the .same way as are all ofTlcial traffic aigns in Brisbane.

The same poaitioa with respecl to right ot way also applies, of course, fo all exit toada from tho University silo and 1 would appreciate your bringing this information to the uollco of students.

C. J. CONNELL, ReglatiRr.

PARKING ARANGE.MENTS AT ST. LUCIA SITE — With respecl to the parking arrangomenta which

were introduced this year on the St. Lucia alto, the Universify is .satlsllcd thai the arrangements have generally jiroved successful and is pleased wltli Hie co­operation which (he majority of students have shown.

There are, however, a number ot atudents who aiiparently are ignoring tho voguSatlona, firstly with regard lo tho parking of vehldes in unnuthorlaed jilaces and secondly in rospocl to applying for permits lo park on the s i te

Regular cliecks arc now being made for vehicles which do not bear parking stickers and the persons concerned have been requested to make application for atiekcrs. Failure lo obtain a atickcr within a reasonable time will reault in a lino being imposed on the atudciil conccriiod.

C. J. CONNELL, Registrar.

Quaint legend Unearthed A Semper staff reporter waa having a drink tho

oilier day and. aa it happened, began to talk to an old chap in fhe bar. The old chap turned out to be a cleaner who had been employed at the University ever since It was flrst built and had been at St. Lucia when tho Yanks occupied the building.

After a few beers, the old chai» becjimc qidtc talka­tive, and told our rciwrter a quaint old legend. Ai)parcntl,v, it wns discovered by tm American Gl who was half-Sloiix Indian, and whose grandfather hatl been a inc<ll(inc num, that the figures of Shnkcspcaro nnd lOiiisnnis, whldi grace the Arts Entrance, talk to \1rglns dur ing the month of Angii.st each year.

Our reporter was anxious to tost this legend and askod a couple of his girlfriends, but they said there was no truth in it al all as they couldn't hear anything.

IT CAN'T HAPPEN HERE WVni AI»OLOGli:s T O C. N O R T H C O T E PARKINSON

'I'ho latest of the iiilsbohavloural sciences is Comlto-logy. tho .study of (lie conimlttco as an organic growth. It Is inovitiible, in thia age of siiccialiaalion, that atudenta of Comilology should concentrate thoir work upon one aspect or another of this vast subject, and It ao happens that current reaearch has centred mainly upon compara­tive chairmanily—inveatigalion inlo the different methods by which different chairmen get their own way in dif-fcront tyiica of committees.

At the Inalltuto of Coniilology. aituated near, and nowadays lending to overahadow, the Pentagon in Wash­ington, D.C. the leading profcsaors uro mostly compara­tive ciiairmanists. This fuel muat not blind us. however, to the work being done hi the cloacly allied field of I'athelic Ilonsectlcism. It may well bo that a future change of emphasis will bring the honscctlonci.sls to tho lore In the meanwhile, the rosulla of recent work in comparatlvo chalrmuiilly need to bo more widely known.

studoiita of comparative chainnanlty have agreed to cia.ssify their work under the three general headings: 1, iiianimlsm; 2, blahnmnlani and 3, conrusloniam. They assume that il is the object of every chairman to havo his own way with tho minimum of effort and they classify elialrmen. tliereforo. according to the method each uses. Tluis, tho inanlmist'a method ia to prevent the diacusalon becoming animated. For this purpose ho uses a variety of lechniques of which the simplest and probably Uic best Is to be partly or totally deaf.

Item 7: .Vpplloallon from Mr. Ncedliain-Baddolcy for un increase of emolumcnta. .Mny i take It that this appli­cation la rejected'/

Well, Mr. Chairman, it doea seem to mo that Ajiy objectlona'/ No'/ Very well, the application la

turned down.

There are several other ways of stilling argument, and the devout, inanlmisl win know them all.

The blahman achieves the same roaults by dlltorout ineana. Instead of slllUng discussion, tho blahman on-couiages it, ensuring, however, that hla voice o'erloua the rest.

The caaoncc of this technique la to blind tho com­mittee with scicnco. Facts and llgurcs aro quoted rapidly, graphs aro fluttered briefly, diagrams arc waved tech-nleallUca mentioned and knowledge aaaumod. Chairmen ot this school apeak Uko this: "The report before us

iiiakos it clear that uchievemeiU batterlea did not. in this Instance, give sis eonalslbnt a result as the ergograph teat —least of all with Hie cerebrolonlu pupils, a percentage of those being loo oxtratonsive to lit into the behavioural liattoru as produced from the interquartile range and moasuiod by the Second Stanford-Binet Testing. You can seo Hie percentile curve for yourselves. I might add that llio jagged histogram offers as meaningful evidence the codiicionl of coligatlon. With the evidence so clear, 1 Ihink 1 may safely assume that wo accept tho Sub-Coin mitteo's recomniendation'/"

The other members of the committee have no idea what all this drive! is about, but they lack the courage lo demand an explanation.

In the field of comparative chairmanity. confusion is not a recent development. Only during the last two years, however, has there been any systematic study of this philosophic approach. The confusionist chairman allows the meeting to lapse into chaos, no one knowing what exactly is being discussed, or even around what item on the agenda tho disagreement has arisen. Everyone is speaking a t once, no two of tho speakers on the aamc subject and few on topics that aro even vaguely related.

Smiling benignly, the chairman interjects an occasional question {"Arc you speaking for or against Ihe amendment?") Or an acid aside ("Really. I question whether these remarks should bo minuted") adding fur-thor obacurity to what is already obscure enough. After lon minutes of uproar, the members pause for breath, at which point the chairman says; "Well, I think I may take it that we are all agreed'/ To paas on to another nialter, which 1 proposo to consider somewhat out of sequence and about which there has already been aomu informal discussion . . ."

Thoro la froah uproar, lasting for nfteen mtnutes, a t the end of which the chairman says: "Thank you. With that item disposed of we can proceed to . . ." After some two hours of this, the chairman brings the meeting to an end.

A few days later, the neatly tabulated mimitca, decision on each item. "Tho job," they tell each other, '

Study of what tho hon. did anything) has littlo to niunlty. Uonsecticiaiu is a

membora receive copies ot recording the chairman's secretary does a wonderful

"to make sense of it al l ." secretary did (supposing he do with comparatlvo chalr-dlttcreut subject altogether.

SEMPER FLOREAT, FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1961 PAGE 7

TIME SUPPLEMENT LOYANGE de GRENOUILLE

ARGUMENT: L'ltonimc, conscieni de s.t propre dignitc, soitgc Jl la dignite de la conscience d'unc autn: creature, ct, de ce qii'ellc aflirmc cc qu'cUc affirinc, \eut affirmcr que c'est a cllc d'afiirincr cc qu'clle aflirnic, ct i lui dc L'affirmcr.

II conviciit que I'liominc conteiiiplc la grenouille ct la per­fection spccialc qu'ellc temoignc.

S.ms cllc cc moiidc dc tiedcurs moites ct sympathiqucs, s'ecoulant au petit rliylhme de jambcs vcrtcs scraii ignore.

Son petit saut allegro ct sovird-glissaiit,—c'est ainsi que sc volt cnuincc la belie ct pmfitabic etude compare du sec cl du ntouillcc.

Ellc pcadtrc le niysiore dcs dcu.x faces dc la femllc qui flotie. 0 libcne ivrc-^c s'asscoir dcssus—ou de s'abriter dessous—

i son picin gre, sans peine, sans s'efForccr . . . Voila uiic facilitc de transcendence qui sauvc du dicltotonic, Cc salut qu'annoiicc son chant, tellcmciit simple ct uniyoquc. MOnie devaiit r-iccablant problfemc du fiux, cllc nc trcbuche

point. Elle ne s'cffrayc mSme devani le metamorphose Ic plus

profond, dcvant la queue qui s'ctcint . . . o admirable petit resume scientifique o sjiithesc o coii-

siaiaiion tellctncnt tcilliardicnnc. Jc mc rends comptc h mon tour de ta dignitc eionnante! L'on t'cvcntrc o grenouille dc temps en temps,—mats de

ce que c'est un mondc fecond et liquidc qui s'evcille en toi, ta vcrite dcpasscra toujours les

categories dcss cchccs.

ART COMPETITION Suggcatctl v a c a t i o n relaxation for University

.students: Dig out your brushes, pencils and cainenis and produce nn entry for the 1001 Student Art Competition.

The competition Is now open; there are prizes to be won, and excellent opportunities arc available for pub­licity and the sale of student work. Thia ia a atudent activity well worth the support ot everyone, ao please read the details below and help make the 19G1 com­petition a auccesa.

Thia year's exhibition will be held in the Darnell Art Gallery (which to the uninitiated ia on the first lloor of tho University Tower), from September 11-22. There will be two main sections: (1) PAINTING AND CARTOONS (2) PHOTOGRAPHY. Prize money of £40 haa been donated by the Union, and remember too, that the Union has an art fund of £400 to spend on paintings for the common rooms and union buildings. Student entries might be purchased where the standard Is high enough. Judging section 1 will be Dr. J. V. DUHIG.

Laat year's Student Art Exhibition was a great succeas, and it is hoped that the competition will become a yearly event. Success this year and in tho futuro would warrant placing tho competition on an interstate basia— again surely a worthwhile project in which the Univoraily of Queensland could for onco take the lead.

So here a re the detaila: Entry la limited to atudenta of tertiary level of educa­

tion: University students, and students of the Technical Collego and Teachers' Training College, etc.

Nature of Entr ies: Any media may be used in the painting and cartoon section. Entries must be mounted, but not necessarily framed. There is no hmlt to the size of entries, and prizes in thia secHon will be a first prize of £10, and four special prizes of £4 each.

Two divisions havo been provided in the photography section: MONOCHROME and COLOURED SLIDES. All monochromes must be mounted, and minimum size la 6 x 4 inches. Competitors In th ecoioured alides dlviaion are asked to limit their entries to 4 alides each. Prizes hero will bo £4, £2 and £1 In the monchrome division, and £2, £1 for tbo coloured alides.

Note: Entr ies from last year's competition will not be accepted in either section.

All competitora are asked to fill In and at tach an entry form to each work submitted. Cloalng date is Friday, September let, and all entries are to be sent by that date to:

Tho Director, Student Art Competition,

C/ - Student Union Office, University of Queensland.

Lost year tho Exhibition received an excellent cover­age from tho press, radio and TV, so here Is an ideal chance to have your work seen and sold if you wish. Get started now and paint a picture, draw a cartoon, take somo photographs, but enter SOMETHING and make the competition a success.

Any further information can bo obtained from Graham Baines (day 72021, exL 610. evening 60-16B0), or Robyn Galloway in the refectory.

ENTRY VOnn FOR STUDENT ART COsmSTlTION

NAMH:

ADDRESS!

PRAISE OF FROG r .•VRGU.MKN'T: Man, aware of his own diguiiy, pottJcrs on

tlic dignity of the scif-tonsnousness of another creature, and, because ii ailirins what it ailirms. wishes to afFimi that it is licr piace to affirm wiiai ii atrinus aud his 1:0 alHnii tliat.

It behoves man to L-oiitcmp!aic tlic frog and the stx-cial perfection of which il bears witness.

Without it tliis world of damp aud sympailietic tcpidities, flowing in (lie tiny rhyiiim of green legs, would be imktiowii.

Its small jump, liglit and clumsy sliding—it is lltus that the beautiful and gainful comparitive study of dry and moist is si-cii.

She iKiictratcs tlic two-sided mystery of the leaf tliai floats. o bosott..\l lilu'ny—to scat oiicsdl above—to shelter oaeself

beucaili—ai one's full will, wiihout care, without forcing. Behold an case of transcendence which saves from the

diciiotoniy. 'liiis greeting wlticii His sotlg aiuioniicos. so simple and

unequivocal. Even before llic ovcnvltclniiiig question of tla' tlux, slie

docs nol stagger in lite least, She is not JisiiLiycd e\-eii in face of lite deepest meta-

iiiorpltosis. in the face of the tail which renders itself extinct. 0 wondrous liulc scieiitiftc summary o syiiilicsis 0 .•;iatcinciit

so savouring of tciUuirde 1 render iny,«.'lf account in my lurii of tliy astounding

worthiness! Thou art disgorged from lime to time o frog—Init oit account

of its being a fcriile and liquid world which awakes in thou, 'lliy truth will always ouipass the arid caicgorics.

Union President, John Besley, expresses his joie do vivro at his recent election and the restoration of his vital forces at

the coming of spring

TELEPHONE NUMBER:

PRICE OF WORK U' FOR SALE: ,

ACADEMIC STATUS OP ENTRANT:

SPRING SONG l.fntoni is common wHh laugh two-tone-

So merry's Hes cue men In. Now aprinklera 8pray<

But all the days Sit I, making moan.o With a hey nonny, nonny'f

Gotcha.8 "Why meanest thou, thou drivelling wight'?""

Did man to mo be-hight,io ••AIa.s, my love I may nay requite."'

Said I when I replight.l-! Wilh a hoe ninny, ninny

Ninny noo. •'My llcfeatia love has left me lorn.

Sing a merry roundelay! ^ .And lo anolhor she has gorn,i3

Woeful was the day." Wilh a hee nanny, nanny

Nanny goal.10 "Rut I'll not rue for evermore, i '

I'll dross mc in new breeches. .Uid win me the love of some maiden surei**

Or women all are witche.s.ic

EXPLANATORY FOOTNOTES 1. Linton is hero meant to represent lOveryman, hence

the phrase "Linton ia common". Thus this first line means roughly that everyone ia enjoying himself now that Sjiring is liero and winter is post. This tirsl stanza doea not seem to lit tho rest of the poem and may have heen added by a later hand to replace a (list stanza whicli may have boon lo.st.

2, Linton's laugh Is described as "two tone" becau.se il is Spring.

;{. "He" here refers to Spring. The poet soos Stuing us urging men to enjoy themadvo.'^.

•I. •'Sprlnklora" are mentioned hero hecauBC water is a fertility symbol. The general mood of these .Spring lyrics Is one of vigorous delight in Nature'a bouii-liousnesa.

fi. Tho poet bi-ings our altonllon to the fad that it is daytime since Hie .shortening of Hie nights is ono of the features of Spring.

G, Tlie contrast between Nature's joy nnd the lover's sorrow ia ono frequently exploited liy the writers of these lyrics.

7. This lino is meaningless. S. The origin of this word is obscure, but it would

appear to have some algnlllcance to the poem as a whole.

!). "Wight" num. 10. Thia line means: Someone aaid to mo. 12. "Rcplighl" is a different form of (ho word "replied"

once current but now obsolete except in a few obacurc dialects.

13. " Li e feat" — d careat. 14. There are two moanlnga to this line. Either (I) the

poet la being ironical or (2) he ia exhorting hiniadf lo aing in order to cheer himself up.

15. "Gorn". Thia ia probably an old form of the past participle of the verb "to go". It means "gone".

10. The goal Is mentioned here because ot its anolations of lust and pleasure consonant with the festive atmosphere associated with Spring in more primitive agricultural communities.

17. Tho poet decides to stop regretting a loaa which la past and to go seeking new onea. Symbolical of thia change of spirit is hla decision to dress hlmaolf in new breechea.

IS. '•Sore". This word haa a different moaning to tho one it haa acquired today. It is similar lo the modern word "worry" and hence hero means "sad" or "unhappy" not ncccaijarily undergoing any physical suffering.

in. The mention ot witches here ia particularly .striking If we remember tho suporatltions thai grew up in connection with these oulcasla of society.

T W E L F T H T H E A T R E N I G H T — presents —

• • F O U N D A T I O N S " a comedy by Eunice Hanger

GOWRIE HALL, WICKHAM TERRACE AUGUST I Oth, nth , 12th, at 8 p.m.

Tickets 5/6 (3 / - for children and twelfth night students), may bo reserved by ring 2-4768

Greasers gloating over their win in tho Inter-Faculty football, having only just beaten Commerce 8-3 with a lucky try in the

last five minutes of play.

UNIVERSITY STUDENTS ONLY LEARN TO DRIVE FOR

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ACE HI DRIVING SCHOOL OFFERS TO STUDENTS ONLY

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PAGE 8 SEMPER FLOREAT, FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1961

HERSTONES AGONISTES A Tragedy in the Greek Style

The .scene Is an iu.stlUition of higher learning. Enter ai (,'liorua of the Senloi' Students of the inatltutlon.

Choriia: Heboid where Ilerslonea comes, with wheezy breath and reeling gait, liiipling instead of studying. Me Ihinka the Kales havo set failurea In atorc for him. 0 doom horrible! O tragedy.

(They aing); llorHlono'a done hia daaii, l ie rion't iitteiid his piacs, Just sits there on hia backa— Ido gaiiililtng with his cash.

(They go out. Knlor Heratonea.) ll(3r.Htones:

<ih, how my heart is full of joy, I've just won two nicker at bridge. I think I'll motor to tho pub, And go anil slock my fridge.

(Kntcr Condio.) t'oiicho:

o h Ilorslonos do come buck, You should bo uUonding your anatomy prac.

Ilcrstonos: f) lie for anatomy! It bores mc to tears. Let's hoth lo the pub and have a few becra.

Concho: To do .HO never would 1 be game, T(i 1110 auch things would bring a bad name. -And this I fear, for a rumour's abroad, That tho high and almighty rrofcsfjorlal Hoard Is keeping ils eye on student behaviour.

lloiHtoiics; 'Tis bluff: A luillry attoiupt to enslave yer. I'riin'sl Has tho whole joint gone barmy'? Houii they'll be running the place like an army.

(Thoy go off—enlor Chorus.) Chorus:

That feller's gonn.i got tho rhoppor, l ie 's gonna get it good and proper, lie 's gomiii conto a luisly cropper, .' orvo him bloody righll l^ohold wiHi his uiioiiiiig scrolls. Comes the ,Mast(>r of tho Uoiis. Jlorstono's <loiie alright.'

iTIioy go of f -en ter Master of tho Holls.) M. of H.:

I koot> my over-watchful eye On midorgrads' altcudance, ,\nd if It flag.s. my skill 1 ply 'J'o chock their indciiondonee, Aud when my charges they try to refute I \H>\i till with ."Oiue clause of the I'ni. staluK!.

(Sings): oh, in Ihe I'ni. by-laws There's always ii clause To bring any student to heel. However tho grumhlo I atlll keep 'cm humble l''or there Isn't a court of appeal.

(Jlo rumniagca through his papers.) .Vow to search my lllcs, with utmost care I'or lindlng skickiiig students 1 have a real (lair. Hut what frightful name is thia 1 see—^Horstonoal And there, hard by, J alao spy the names of all his

cronies. They haven't been to lectures, They haven't been to pracs, I'll bet they're just been meaalng round And lying on thoir backa. I must away and make report To members ot tho staff. Sacking students la auch sport And win provide n laugh,

(Ho goes out — enter Herstones and Doll, living riotously.)

LINDA-The Sexy Fresherette

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/«t"(vieEE HEriiKte yuivfesiry STVPENIS <u{£ A fto^i^ w r

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HcraVonca; I have some money, let's off to the flicks, And after that a meal a t Nlcka. I-'rom thoro we'll go to a Unl. dive .And dance to the mclodioua Varsity Five.

IJoll: There's nothing elae I'd rather do, I hale study through and through. I'll take no further lecture notea, Or liaton to those silly goats. Talking of Joyce and Hemingway, Droning on from day to day. I don't want my arts degree. It's hardly any use to me. I'll live my life while yet 1 may l<"or soon I will be old and grey. I'll go lo dances, showa and parlies, And not 1)0 like the other arties, Swotting and crawling to the staff. Almost breaking themaclves in half To gel a High nistincUon. I'll soon he slaving over sinks 'n Stoves. Till then will 1 be on the spree. And live my life full rioloualy.

Herstones: Well said. Doll. Hul come, let's go And sec tlie latest picture show.

(They go off—enter Chorua.) Chorua:

Herstones thinks to swot in third term .\nd iiass hia exams, the little worm. Hut soon we'll all have reason to acoff, The .Master of Kolls ia seeing the Prof.

tThcy go out—enter Maater of Rolls and Prof.) I'rof:

Hul 1 can't send them down in the middle of term. 'I'o take such a aland is being too Arm.

M. of K.: Hul think in lernia of academic prudence, it would bo a good example to other studenLs.

I'rof: Hul it's their life, Hioir career. And thoy might come good at the end of the year.

JI. of li.: Hul 'tis all in the cauae of student discipline. Krankly, your outlook gets under ray skin.

I'rof: I suppoac you are righl, but it seems a bit cruel To aond them all down from the Medical School.

M, of K.: II muat be done; our reasona are ample—• To make for the rest a proper example.

I'rof: I'll do il then: I'll write them a note With my ball-point pen which I here with me tote.

(They go off—re-enter Chorus.) Chorus:

Herstones gonna cop it, •Nothing now can stop it. Soon there'll be a show-down. And at l.ast he'll go down.

(They go olT—re-enter Herstones and Doll.) Doll:

Herstones my dear, you look rather pale. Hovlvc yourself with thia Gold-Top ale.

Heratonea: Hoer lo revive me would fall, l''or the bitterest draught I quaff. I've just had a note from the Prof Saying tha t 1 must nick oft".

Doll: Alaa, oh woe! Wliat will you do? It semes your career as a doctor la through.

Heratones; I'll juat have to get a job, Tho thought of which near makes mc sob. Hut sllll I'll always have my Doll And life perhapa will still be droll.

Ml«»fl!iEHPS.SiKce IMHNTflW/tYfMMTWaSt FEiENoi-y num.; IHAVE (tor WOW" »KeMo/viffm PEACE, TeDCIflAKBUN FeTeo.TOKTEDAa* QWEFKomswrcewTo swttess..,. IHAiffc" KNOWn nlEF/IMO«t, mt (;«i£AT (M«> TH e f fcrAl.T>jy cfTHErtATKiH 'HAVE FOt AH«a«;<P out ftFTHf «ovr INFlUfNTlAL ANPHKH • »Me nittvuL H0WE3, u>xi/<tiauj cnK FA$H10nABl£ OOlHEi'

Doll: Hul you will not earn much money Wiihout your medical degree.

Heratonea: Wc will manage to got along. Living a life of dance and song.

(Ho goes off.) Doll:

He must think I'm a bit of a dill If he expects mc to slay by him still. 'Tis pity he's failed, but I'll not fret, I'll iind 1110 a medical husband yet.

(lOnter Concho.) Concho:

All Doll, learn from the fate of Heratonea, Always to shun the company of phoniea.

Doll (aside): This man already has one medical degree And should wind up with another two or threo. 1 womler is he attracted lo mo. (Demurely) Oh Concho luy Icason have I truly learnt, And had no lingers badly burnt. Alas! \Vho will now protect me, From cares that do Infect me?

Concho; 1 will he your counsel and guide, And roitiain ever steadfast at your side.

Doll; Will you Conclio? I'm ever so happy! l.el U.S gel mar.-icd, Y\\ go iind loll pappy.

(They go off—re-enlor Herstones raging.) Ilorslonos:

1 ai.i betrayed, of my friends bereft. Of my money I have only two bob left. I'll not take It cjuietly. I'll kick up a fuss. I'll go on the ne.xt City Council Bus.

(He goes off—re-enter Doll and Concho, and Prof, and .Master of Ihe Holls,)

Concho (lo Doll); I got an ••A" for analoniy prac , The Profs sure to give me a pat on tho back.

I'rof, (ignoring Concho); That 's ijuito un altraclive lass I see. She should go far in anatomy.

(Ilorsloncs rushes on, still raging. He atabs everyone with a scalpel, including himself.)

Concho: 1 know I am gelling my just desaerta. .Stilt, he shouldn't have slabbed me right where it hurls.

I'rof; (dies) I wish I had done what my conacienco said. Then I do not think 1 would now bo dead.

(dies) Doll;

Ilorsloiies, forgive me 1 know I have sinned. My blood Bpurlcth out like beer that is tinned. .Maids fioiii my death, oh take you this warning; Ho ttuo to your lover from night until morning, Klse ho la likely to chop up your guls. Which might even kill you, if deep aro the cuts.

Herstonea: Doll, you should'vo been true to tho end, 1 wouldn't done this aort of thing to a friend. Don't change your affcctiona v.lthout good reaaon, C)r aome people are likely to consider it treason, And resent your beiiavlovir with stabs of a knife. Be warned by my sorry death and life.

yh of H,: How hard 1 havo licen to this virtuous boy— Hia iiiotlier's only hope, hia father's only joy. A medical career cut off in ita prime, Hy my mhchinations. Oh sorrow sublime. I ahould have learned to respect undergrads— They really aren ' t auch a bad act of lads— Instead of trying to make them all swota. And keep tliem away from women and bote, One should never literally inforce regulations, Or atamp out entirely the aberrations. ICxcesslvc discipline can nvcer be right, Ivot us always keep the Golden Mean In aight.

(dies) Heratonea;

Students all take a lesson from me, •>-, I'oalpone not your atudy till term number three. But all through tho year mi.v study with leisure, Giving to each its appropriate rrieaaure. Thus may live right free from strife, Be warned by my sorry death and life.

Chorus: Now every single ono of em's dead, Which doesn't leave very much to bo said. Except tho moral which Is quite a beauty: Never be ovor-rlghteous in doing your duty.

( d l ^ )

END

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SEMPER FLOREAT, FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1961 PAGE 9

TOWNSVILLE CALLING

Thia article will, I hope, All the gap In our fellow students' minda. with regard to the Townsville University Collcgc'a activltiea for first term. The Union here, i.e.. the TownaviUe University College Union haa been active In many fields and ita future promlacs to be a busy one.

Our contacla with the "outside" w o r l d through sport have done much to b r i i\ g before prospective students the fact tha t we are in e x i s t e n c e . The Commem. Week's activities, proccaaion, pranks and ball, opened tho cyea of many northerners. It left many aurprlsod, allocked, dazed. or bewildered. Our fame spreads?

First term has been an historical one — unique in that we freshers a r c also the senior .students. Thia is the first white Uni. College in the tropics in the South­ern Hemisphere. Wc look to the day when many atudents from neighbouring countries will study b e s i d e our students.

The succeas of the College and ita eventual transition Into a completely Indepen­dent body, depends much on the outcome of tho y e a r. Thia Is entirely up to ua and la a burden for first years, but w' 11 h encouragement and real work I ace no reaaon why wo .shouldn't achieve thia oim.

J. BANKS, President T.U.C.U.

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The flr.st Academic year at tho Unlvoralty College of Townsville saw the birth of most of the usual cluba found a t unlvoraities though as yet no Independent club has been formed which is "ant i" anything, anyone or anybody. We haven't even got a 'toilet chain collector', who, I believe, ia a member of the lllu-strious Brisbane community.

The Hockey Club conaiats of one male and one female team which play regularly. The boys have won moat of their matches, but the girls have been less auccesaful probably due to the f a c t that a t tho beginning of tho year, many of the giria now In the team had never held a hockey .stick before.

Golf enthusiasts are rea­sonably active, and through the generosity of the Towns­ville Golf Club, Ies.sons are given by the profoasionai, free of charge. The fact that Ihesc are held at % o'clock on Sunday mornings moans that attendancoa are rather erratic. Very shortly an athletics carnival la lo be hold and probably a awlm-ming carnival %v 111 be arranged whon Hie weather is warmer.

Football, Squash, Tonnia, Chess, and Gymnastic Clubs arc alao active, while the N e w m a n Society, S.C.M., and K.U. look after mem­bers of the various religions. So far no self-confessed atheists have come to light, and this is indeed remark­able for the campus often .•teems to be the "stamping ground" of m a n y auch people.

An Arta .Society h a a at Inst been formed and dele­gates returned from tho National Arts Confercnoo a t lirisbano in May, with much news of our fellow counter­parts in other Australian States, and tales of tho hos­pitality of Brisbane students in particular.

At tho moment tho "Uni­corns" are producing their first play, "Tiger at the Gates", which was acted by the B r i s b a n e Theatrical Group last year. Various setbacks have occurred duo to general reluctance to accept the part of one hap­less leading lady—by namo, Andromache, who Is 'In the family way'. However, this play win bo acted for tho public on 14th and IBth July, and the poasl mists who claimed that "the pro­duction date was coming, and so was Christmas" havo been forced to cat their words.

— W.W.

Greaser^s Gossip The Engineering Undergraduate Society recently

conducted very successful displays at George St. and St. Lucla. The convenor ot these displays, Uus Morrison, Ross Hill ttiid Geoff Cornish, put a great deal of effort Into thoir jobs. It la lo be hoped that any abaence on their part from lectures during the display period will be overlooked. Tho publicity obtained by the diaplays in tho press and on television and radio was excellent. In fact all three forms of news broadcaating ahould be con­gratulated on their choice of auch an excellent news topic as engineering diaplaya.

Theae diaplaya do show i the public that the atudent i body doea do aome work ; occaaionally, but the dia-, playa alao co.at the student i society quite a deal of \ money. Thia year tho coat to E.U.S. was in tho vicinity , of £100. Thia money w a a spent on providing after­noon teas, amokos after the diaplaya and in general run­ning expenses and procure­ment of display exhibits. This year a special display of olectrolumincacent light­ing panola waa ahlpped out to the electrical engineering atudents by Weatlnghouac, from the U.S.A. Though Weatinghouso p a i d t h o freight out, the cost of freight back and Insurance of tho exhibit while it was • hero cost E.U.S. a reason- ! able sum. It ia believed that thia exhibit of electrolumi-neacent lighting material was the flrst of ita kind seen in Auatralia nnd therefore, Robin Ruaaoll, who waa rc-sponaiblo for getting it out hero, ahould be proud t ha t he acored a "flrat" before that great publicity man, Prof. Mcaael, thought of It.

Mer bettor half for the paat year or .so ia a atrong man in tho engineering faculty and la at preaent engaged in editoring tho B.U.S. Journal.

Well, inter-faculty foot­ball ia over and It must be said that the best aide won. This was undoubtedly due lo the magnificent "chunda" war crys that eclioed across the field. However, it iff rumoured around tho draw­ing olllcca that Al Beccon-aall'a goal kicking was a alight hell). Hero'a hoping that some day ho wll! kick them juat as well with Aus­tralia's green jeraey on his back.

John Bealey and Tony Court are to be congratu-hitod on their election to high ofllcea in the Students' Union. John is to be thanked for the large part he played in entertaining Miss Engin-* ccring at recent engineering functions &nd at other places Keep up the g o o d work, John!

Tho electrical engineering staff recently challenged the fourth year e l e c t r i c a l atudenta to a squash match. The reaults of the matches roaumbled an examination paper — staff a u p r e ni o, : sludcnta vanquiahod. How­ever, the students' spies have discovered that the staff la not too strong at cricket. Thua tho atudents hope lo turn the tabloa on I the staff at a cricket match Inter in the year.

• • • I Tiie Mias University Quest

was supported vory strongly on the financial side by the engineering undergraduates, In fact, tlic society created an Australian record for tho ' largest amount (f"0) ever raised for W.U.S. by a single student group. I' ven Miss University herself, though aponaored hy aome small rival aocioty, is closely con­nected w i t h engineering.

The recent annual hall a t Cloudland had all tho al-covea cluttered with mys-lerloua gadgets. Mecli. IV won the prize for tho best 'supplied'. I incin decorated, alcove. Most of the profs, attended which w.os good to sec b e c a u s e ataff-studont relations will have to be good if we arc all to pass this year.

This Friday night, the end of term, is the dale of the engineers return to Vic. Park . The theme of the evening will be: "Older students — y o u remember what Vic. Park waa like In the good (bad) old days; younger atudenta — you aaw how good (bad) Vic. Park waa". therefore:

"Young soak.a, old so.aks, everybody come,

To our little Sunday school and have a tot of rum."

—SIXEWAVK

SPORT Tlic Australiiin Football

ChumplonsUliks which have just <-oncUide<l In Brisbane, olTcrcil all cntlnisiasts some of the most stirring intcr-stnto matches tha t have ever been contested. Teams from ^'ictorla, Western Australia, Tasmania an«l South Austra­lia provided tl»c crowds a t all their games with brilliant siicctucle, rugged indlvUlual-Ism and scintlUating team­work, ns well ns an aiLswer lo all those critics who dls-bcllcve our contention tha t Australian football Is the finest of all football.

Weatern Australia won the C h a m p i o n s h i p f r o m Victoria, who have hold the tltlo since 1921, in an amaz­ing match, tho last of the series. South Australia and Tasmania filled third and fourth places respectively; and there is no doubt that the efforts of theae southern teams will elevate tho play­ing standards hero tremen­dously.

Locally, Unlvoralty I suf­

fered its firat defeat in a match before the Carnival commenced. Conditlona wore vory windy, but no real cx-cuae can bo offered. Zlllmere played more constructively, and with much more pur-poae; and won narrowly by two (2) points.

In a match againat Com­bined Secondary Schools, a composite University team waa defeated by 1 point, due mainly to inaccurate kick­ing, lack of team work, and the real ability diaplaycd by tho achoolboys. who wore a t first a little misled by sup-po.90d Unlvoralty Invincibi­lity.

A aocial hold recently a t the home of Dr. Max Poul­ter, the Club Patron, waa a great auccess, and the ribaldry a n d conviviality wero moat enjoyable. To the naturallala amongat ua. I might mention the now ea-tabllshcd fact tha t possuma a re rabid bcor-drlnkors, a t least in tho early hours of rainy mornings.

I/V GOIiP IN MELBOURNE

Late though thia report Is to Semper, it ahould bring satisfaction to readers aa it only embraces aucceaa. Our I/V team performed ex-trcmcly well on the magni­ficent world championship cour.so of Uoyal Melbourne. However, luck waa not flulto our way In the final againat ' .Sydney Unfveraity whon we were very narrowly defeated by 5 matches to 4 after 3 of tho afternoon ainglea went on to the IBth.

Wo encountered a very tough draw and needed lo produce our best to defeat N.S.W. Unlveraity on the M o n d a y and Melbourne tTnlvorsily on their home course on the Tuesday.

In finiahing second in the competition wc performed as well .IS any I /V golf team from Queensland Uni­versity over has out of Slate. However, o u r congratula­tions go to Sydney Uni. for thoir fourth successive I/V win in four different States. F u r t h e r congratulations muat be extended to Mel­bourne Unl. for an oxtreiuely well organised and exhaust­ing I/V. Geoff Brown Is w-orthy of a apecial mention as he waa the only Queens­lander in the Combined Australian Univeraitiea team.

r i i l tSONAMTIES (Re-re-ccnsorcd)

Geoff Brown — conalstont and brilliant to win 5 timea out of G . . . spent three daya in bed on return.

Nelson English — although faithful to the motherland, nevortlicleaa a good ambas­sador, who performed In tlie l ight spirit (a).

.folin Anderson — had un­expected success, but not always on the course.

Ro.ss Petersen — set a lino example, hardly over alcpt . . . in tlie hotel . . . that he can i-emombcr.

Ciicorge Green — auict and nonchalant as usual—a dark liorso.

Peter Plonks — thorouglily enjoyed his tlrst I /V — Is toiuing hack for more . . .

Wttlly Scott— won't forget this I/V, nor will many many others.

John Cohen — as second roscrvo, e x t e n d e d much goodwill tow.ards tho fairer SOX—he won't bo forgotten either!

Ken Williams — as mana­ger was always there.

I NTiniPACUI/TV UlPIiT', .SHOOTING

The interfacully was shot at Enoggera on the ISth July, over 300, 1500. COO yards. It was won by tho .A.g. Science team with ,1"1 liolnts. followed by Medicine with 370, S c i e n c e 369, Biigincorlng with 359.

The Ag. tcama acorea were Scarlc 96, Vallls 94. Vallls 91. Mungomery 90.

INTEUVAILSITY HOCKEY IX HOBART

Thia year's Inter-varslty hockey carnival will be held in Hobart from the 14th-L'Otli AugUat,

A atrong Q u e e n s l a n d University team has been choacn:

1). Sallowa (captain), B. Donck (vice-captain), M. Ward (manager), It. Bow-don, I. Martin, B. Robert­son, B. McBryde, I. Mc­Bryde, I. Sherwin, 0 . Erliackcr, L. L o u I a, K. Poderaon, W. Craig. W. Engllah.

This team comblnea ex­perience a n d potential. There arc six playera who havo played in at leaat threo intervarsities and nine who will be making Iheir debut this year.

The forward attack thia year ia vory strong — la ability iind experience a bettor line t h a n the ono ttiat devastated all states to win the Ifl.'iS intervar.slty in Perth.

However, tlic halvca and fullbacka are as yet un-proven on foreign fields, though they arc young and full ot promise. The simul­taneous loss of the Inter­varsity fullback combination of the last five Intervarsities — Dave Hunt and Julian Ward—lias left a gaji which now muat be filled. Ray Bowden la the roclc upon which tho defence will be built. Fortunately w o have In the goal net Dave Sal­lows, a man with wide ex­perience who ia captain thia year.

Errol Denck will lead tho j forward a t t a ck—and what an attack it ia with Bruce

' and Ian McBryde in aupcrb touch, and Ian Martin and Ted Ilobertson, p l a y i n g their best for years. It will lake a very good defence to atop this Hue once il bogius to move.

Thorc will be nine univer­sities competing thia year— tho largest entry in tho liia-lory of the Symo ('up. Can-berr.a and New South Walea mako their debut this year.

Our main troubles v.iti bo (1) Melbourne Unlvoralty— which ia very .strong this year and eager to retain the cm) thoy won last year. (2) The wot muddy flelda on which tho new playors in tho team have had aa yet no real experience and (3) the aocial wlilrl, which has always been a great hazard lo good hookey.

DON MCWATTERS Q L ' E E N S L J V N D CAPTAIN

It is with pride that wo read that Bon McWatters, Queensland University Cap-lain, had boon appointed Captain of tho Queensland State Team which will tour New Zealand in August. Congratulations Bon, and congratulations to the State selectors on their w i s e choice.

is alwaijS better when bouqht from

[VciidiWhatmore's f \ fficm A mcTkicAL c£Nm ^

PHONE 31 1936

PAGE TO SEMPER FLOREAT. FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1961

OUR FREE PRESS The press must, as well as operating as an efficient

business, pursue its prime aim of informing and educating the public; but there is in any monopolisation of the press a potential danger to this primary role. In the press in Aus­tralia we have witnessed over the last twenty years not only a process of monopolisation but an extension of this mono­polisation into the fields of radio and television In effect tlie newspaper empires in Australia have achieved a virtual monopolisation of all the means of communication. Tliis process has led inevitably to a decline in the diversify of editorial opinion in fhe Australian press and to the identifica­tion of all the means of communication with quite specific business interests but more importaritly it has meant the rejection of the educative and informing role of the press and it has meant prime emphasis being placed on such purely business considerations as circulation.

Before going further it is perhaps wise to exannine the structure of this monopoly in Australia, The four major groups are The Herald Weekly Times Ply. Ltd., Sydney News­papers Pty. Ltd., The Sydney Morning Herald Group and Oudcn Investments Pty, Ltd. The Herald Weekly Times Pty. Ltd.

This is a public company that was once the centre of Keith Murdoch's newspaper empire and although Melbourne based has interests that extend to Brisbane and Adelaide, In Victoria—it now publishes the Melbourne Sun, The Herald, Weekly Times. In Queensland—The Brisbane Courier Mail, The Telegraph, The Sunday Mail. In Adelaide—The Adviser. Magazines published include Australasian Post, Chronicle, Home Beautiful and Aviation Magazine. Al l in all The Herald Weekly Times supplies 1,830,000 daily newspapers in Aus­lralia.

The accompanying diagram 11) shows the shareholdings of Ihe parent company in its Brisbane and Adelaide interests and shows again how these interesls have a controlling interest in radio and television stations.

It is worthwhile noting the companies having interests in The Herald itself and those sharing interests with The Herald. The Daily Mirror London has a 10% shareholding in The Herald Weekly Times, while the latter company and Silverton Securities Pty. Ltd. hold a 4 4 % interest in the Adelaide Advertiser. Associated Newspapers Ltd. London share a 3 0 % holding in Brisbane T.V. Ltd., share a 100% holding in Herald Sun T.V. Pty. Ltd. and share a 4 0 % hold­ing in T.V. Broadcasters Ltd. (Adelaidel. It is also worth noting that Silverton Securities, a Melbourne leased com­pany, runs Silverton Tramways in Brol<en Hill and Silverton and its executive personnel are closely linked with the Herald.

A good example of fhe Herald's empire building is seen in its acquisition of the Brisbane press. In 1933 there were two morning dailies IThe Courier and the Daily Mail) and three evening dailies (The Telegraph, Daily Standard, Evening Courier). In 1933, Queensland Newspapers Pty. Ltd. were formed to control the amalgamation of The Courier and the Daily Mail , which then became The Courier Mai l . In that company Sir Keith Murdoch personally held the controlling interest, but interest was also held by the Herald. In 1955, the Herald held 125,877 of the 150,000 ordinary shares and in 1956 the shareholding in the company was—•

Herald 303,875 shares Wren family 264,004 shares Attention now shifts to The Telegraph. In 1955-6 the

Herald obtained all but £767 ordinary shares and naturally in 1956 Queensland Press Ltd. was formed. !t was a public company, the shareholding be ing—

Herald 37 1 /3% Wren 29 1/3% Public 33 1/3%

It became a holding company controlling the publishers of the Courier, Telegraph and Sunday Mail and those com­panies that were licensees of 4BK and 4AK. The directors of this company were Herring, Grano, Williams, Harris and Sherman ,and of these, Williams was also Managing Director of Herald Weekly Times Pty. Ltd. (since 1952). Australian Consolidated Press

Sydney Newspapers Pty. Ltd. publish the Daily Tele­graph and is controlled by Frank Packer of the Packer Family that began Smith's" Weekly in 1919. The Packers became associated with the Daily Telegraph Newspaper Coy. when Associated Newspapers (of which Robert Packer was managing director) acquired a controlling interest in 1928. Daily Telegraph Newspaper Co. published the Daily Pictorial and a Sunday paper, the Sunday Pictorial. Both these latter papers were controlled by a holding company. In the late twenties these papers were in financial difficulties so Associated News­papers changed the name of Daily Pictorial to Daily Tele­graph.

In 1936 a new company was registered—Consolidated Press Ltd,—which purchased the Telegraph from Associated Newspapers Ltd . and The Australian Women's Weekly from Sydney Newspapers Ltd. Sydney Newspapers had been formed by Frank Packer and acquired rights over the " W o r l d " in 1932. Associated Newspapers were threatened by Sydney Newspapers Ltd. with the publishing of an evening paper and paid over £60,000 to Sydney Newspapers Pty. Ltd. for a contract not to publish a daily. In 1935 wit l i the full scale launching of the Women's Weekly, Sydney Newspapers bought the goodwill of the Daily Telegraph (which had ceased publication in 1935) and also the plant of fhe Evening News from Associated Newspapers In the new company. Consolidated Press, Packer and Theodore owned three-quarters of the shareholdings—fhe other quarter belong­ing to Associated Neswpapers was sold to Packer and Theo­dore in 1948. In 1954, Consolidated Press Holdings was formed as a holding company for Sydney Newspapers and its name was changed in 1957 to Australian Consolidated Press. Packer and family own more than 5 0 % in A.C.P and con­trol it.

At present the publications of A.C.P. are Daily Tele­graph, Sunday Telegraph Ibofh In Sydney), The Australian Women's Weekly, l is subsidiary companies include Com-

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press Printing Ltd., Shakespeare Head Press Pty. Ltd., Golden Press Pty .Ltd., Colomtnoe Pty. Ltd., Cafrek Investments and Frederick MuMer Ltd. (an English publishing company). Con­solidated Press Holdings has a 3 2 % interest in T.V. Cor­poration, which is licensee of TCN, Sydney. It is worthwhile noting that together with the Associated Newspapers Lon­don, they hold 4 4 % interest in T.V. Corporation, Associated Newspapers (London) share interests both with the Herald Weekly Times, in Brisbane and Melbourne Television station and with C.P.H. in Sydney T.V. station. The Sydney Morning Herald Group

The Sydney Morning Herald is the more powerful news­paper in Sydney.I In 1953 it swallowed the Associated News­papers Ltd. and with it "The Sun", and in 1959 it bought out Daily Mirror and Truth from Ezra Norton. The com­pany which controls the S.M.H. is John Fairfax and Sons Ltd., and is owned by the Fairfax Family. Rupert Henderson shares ownership of Associated Newspapers. John Fairfax and Sons Ltd. publishes Sydney Morning Herald and the Australian Financial Review—Associated Newspapers publish The Sun, and a number of periodicals. Together they publish Sun-Herald.

The subsidiaries of John Fairfax Ltd. (the holding com­pany) are Fairhaven Investment Pty. Ltd., Beechwood Invest­ments Pty. ltd., Mentmore Colour Productions Pty. Ltd., Fairfax Publication Pty, Ltd., James Peters Pty. Ltd., Asso­ciated Newspapers Ltd., John Fairfax and Sons Pty. Ltd. , Sun-gravure Ltd. Of the 39,000 ordinary shares and 355,000 preference shares of John Fairfax & Sons, the great majority are owned by the family.

In August, 1953, a controlling interest in Associated Newspapers had been bought by John Fairfax and Sons. The event was preceded by a legal battle connected wi th the unsuccessful attempt by Consolidated Press Ltd. fo secure control of Associated Newspapers Ltd. In 1955, magazines published by Associated Newspapers came under the control of Odhams Press Ltd., and in Apr i l , 1956, J. Fairfax and Sons purchased the balance of the ordinary shares in Asso­ciated Newspapers. Of the issued capital of 1,750,000 ordinary shares and 1,492,275 pref. shares, shareholding was—

John Fairfax & Sons, 400,200 ord. shares; W. O. Fair­fax, 150,000; R. Henderson, 50,000; 200 persons c / - J. Fairfax & Sons, 852.000; I other person, 55,000.

In 1959, Ezra Norton's interests in Truth and Sports­man Ltd. were purchased by John Fairfax and Sons Ltd. In 1959, chairman of the company was R. A. Irish, who had been since 1948 one of the directors of Associated News­papers. By 1959, the Sydney Morning Herald Group con­trolled the publication of—

The S.M.H. The Australian Financial Review. Sun-Herald. The Sun. Truth. Daily Mirror. Turf Forum. The Woman. Pix. Pocket Book Weekly. Worlds News. Radio and Hobbies. Sporting Life People.

Crudcn Investment* Pty. Ltd. In 1929, Sir Keith Murdoch bought the News Ltd.

for the Herald. An interlocking of capital in the various enterprises operated by the Herald and Murdoch's own for-fortune then took place. In 1933, News Ltd. were the pro­prietors of—

The News and The Mail—Adelaide. Tha Daily News—Perth. The Barrier Miner—Broken Hill. In 1951, the News purchased Southdown press, which

publishes Ihe New Idea and since Sir Keith Murdoch's death, these two publications were separated from the other enter­prises and are now controlled by his son, Rupert Murdoch. In 1954, News Ltd. bought a controlling interest In the Western Press Ltd., which published a Sunday paper called

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Sunday Times and some country papers. It publishes country papers in Victoria and recently Rupert Murdoch acquired a monopoly of the Sydney suburban newspapers. As well as this, News Ltd. publishes—

The Sunday Mail T.V. Week. Movie Life

(Adelaide).

And owns station 2BH in Broken Hi l l . Cruden investments is the biggest shareholder in News Ltd. and all the shares in Cruden Investments are held by or in trust on behalf of the Murdoch family.

Cruden Investments has a 9 0 % holding in Southern T.V. Corporation Ltd. and holds 100% interest in Radio Silver City Pty. Ltd, the licensee of 2BK, Broken Hil l .

A t present two newspaper wars are waging in Aus­tralia, The one between the Fairfax and Packer families is of long standing. The other between Herald Weekly Times and Cruden Investments is of more recent origin and dates from fhe death of Sir Keith Murdoch. Murdodi had linked his own personal wealth and share holdings with the Herald group, but on his death, these shareholdings and links seemed to evaporate. The News in Adelaide was sold to his son Rupert (called from studies in Oxford to find a newspaper empire crumbling), following no doubt the manipulations of Sir John Wil l iams), but more importanly, Rupert returned to f ind that according to his father's will he was to have fhe editorship of the Courier Mail (Brisbane). This was no longer possible and ever since Rupert Murdoch has been gunning (for these newspaper wars take place on a very rugged frontier) for the editor of the Courier Mall in par­ticular and for Herald Weekly Times in general.

What has been the effect of this newspaper war for monopoly control. Above all they have to avoid financial difficulty (it was partly through taking advantage of other newspaper's financial difficulty that they began along the road to monopolisation), and because of this circulation figures figure almost entirely In their calculations. One only has to listen to the journalisfs employed at the Courier Mail to see that for them the Courier Mail is a much more suc­cessful newspaper than the Manchester Guardian. (Because it lias, given Queensland's population ,achieved almost maxi­mum saturation).

The newspaper war Is likely to continue for many years —the pauses in expansion in the newspaper world are likely to be longer—but the pauses will witness the extension of the newspaper empires into outside business—firstly, other fields of communication and later into publishing houses and photographic enterprises.

There might be some excuse for this process of mono­polisation—if the general standard of the newspapers rose— but we still have to suffer paucity of comment and informa­tion on International affairs, a sickening mass of ' family news and low sfandard T.V. programs devoid of any cultural Interest,

It is not un-natural that such monopolies take a political bias towards anti-monopoly parties. This is most noticeable in Brisbane where one company has 100% of the dally cir­culation. But not only Is it a political bias—it Is also a con­spiracy of silence on unsavoury issues (by «teflnitlon not family Issues) and on any issue likely to arouse the ire of any section of its readers. Characteristic of its tactics are false reporting, deliberate cutting of letters to the editor and minimum reporting that presents simple and false Issues. Brisbane Is but the prelude of things to come in the news­paper world of Australia at large.

My suggestion Is that our freedom depends on the diversification of press holdings and that cannot bo l imited without being lost ,

R. M. HARNEY.

Authorised by J. Fogarty and J. B. Daiton, c/- University Union Offices, St. Lucla. Printed by W«tion, Ferguson and Co., Stanley Street, South Brisbane.