3.hcp.uk.2013
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Lecture 3THE UNITED KINGDOM
Geography, history, culture & heritage
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TIMELINE
http://www.enjoyengland.com/Things-to-do/Historic-England/
http://www.visitbritain.com/fr/FR/
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Prehistoric Britain THE NEOLITHIC ERA (4000 - 2000 B.C.) + BRONZE AGE BRITAIN (2500 - 600 B.C.)
Silbury Hill Earth Mound 4600 BC (Wiltshire) The largest man-made prehistoric mound in Europe 40 m. high x 167 m. diameter
barrows / barrow mounds (tumuli tombs)stone circles (3300 BC, 900)henges
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The Neolithic & Bronze Age heritage
Stonehenge, England
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The Standing Stones of Callanish (Isle of Lewis, Scotland) 2900-2600 B.C.
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http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/online_tours/britain/our_top_ten_british_treasures/our_top_ten_british_treasures.aspx
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n°1: Rillaton Gold Cup, Bronze Age8,5 cm (¼ existing)
N° 2 The Mold gold cape (preh.)
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IRON AGE (700 B.C. TO 50 A.D.)
Hill Forts
AD commonly refers to Anno Domini, Latin for "In the Year of (Our) Lord", applied to years following 1 BC in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.
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n°3 British Treasure at the British museum:the snetthisham hoard (Norfolk)
Gold Torc, 1kg (Hoard L)
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Iron Age Europe
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Roman England (43-410 AD) (end 476 in Europe)
The Roman Baths (Bath, England)
http://www.romanbaths.co.uk/http://www.thermaebathspa.com/
122 – 410 AD Hadrian’s wall 10/04/23 9
BC55-54
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AD43-51 : Caractacus
61 : Prasutagus-Boudicca
70-80s122-138 Hadrian160
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n° 4 British Treasure at the BM: The Vindolanda tablets
a business letter from Octavius, an entrepreneur supplying goods on a considerable scale to the Roman army
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Anglo-Saxon & Viking Britain
The Anglo-Saxons (410-793)very little know
597664: Synod of Whitby
The Viking Age (793-1055)1042-1066: Edward the Confessor: last Anglo-saxon King1055: Westminster Abbey is completed
Heritagewattle and daub walls
Bradford Church, Wiltshire (about 705)
Westminster Abbey
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The Middle Ages: 1066-1485 1066 The Battle of Stamford Bridge1067 The Battle of Hastings
1070 Canterbury Cathedral1078 Tower of London1080 - 1100 monastery and cathedral1086 The Domesday Book
1154 York Minster (cathedral)1167 Oxford University1170 Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas a Becket1171 London
Bayeux tapestry (70 m. long)
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1215 Civil War - Magna Carta Salisbury Cathedral
1282 - 1283 King Edward conquers Wales. Llewellyn ab Gruffydd, 1298 The Battle of Falkirk. King Edward defeats Wallace.
1306 Robert Bruce1337 - 1453 Hundred Years' War with France1348 - 49 The Black Death
1415 Azincourt1453The Hundred Years War ends
1455 Dynastic Civil War: The War of the Roses starts (rival houses of Lancaster and York)
The Middle Ages: 1066-1485
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http://www.warwick-castle.com/
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http://www.hrp.org.uk/10/04/23 19
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Canterbury Cathedral (1070-)597 AD : St Augustine1170: Archbishop Thomas Becket
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Vocab
upland: plateaux, hauteurs, hautes terresmoor: lande / more, maure/amarrer, mouillercairn: manmade pile of stones, often in a conical form. They are usually found in uplands, on moorlands, on mountaintops or near waterways)/ terrier (= cairn / terrier)ingots : lingotstorcs : a rigid piece of personal adornment made from twisted metal. It can be worn as an arm ring or necklace that is open-ended at the front. Smaller torcs worn around the wrist are called bracelets instead. Torcs are a type of celtic jewellery, produced in the European Iron Age (8th century BC - 3rd century AD.), torque waterlogged: imprégné d’eau, imbibé, détrempé (sol)wafer: gaufrette, hostie, cachet (seal), silicon wafer: tranche de silicium;wafer-thin / wafery: fin comme du papier à cigarette/une pelure d’oignon
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