3g mobile networks

___________

3G Mobile Networks: An OverviewBy Nishit NarangEmail: [email protected]_

Agenda_ Introduction to 3G_ CDMA Principles_ 3G Standardization_ UMTS Network Architecture_ UMTS Protocol Architecture____________

Mobile Networks_ Started with First Generation Networks_ No or minimum standardization._ Deployed and used within regional boundaries_ Evolved to Second Generation Networks_ Standards defined._ Roaming across network boundaries becomes possible._ GSM: one of the most prevalent standard for 2G mobilenetworks._Radio Access Network Core Network

2G Network Architecture_ GSM network viewBSC MSC

HLR/VLRcellPLMNSS7 link

cellBTS BTSMS

___________

Second Generation Networks_ 2G was serious effort to standardize wireless communication._ GSM developed by ETSI is the most prominent 2G technology._ CDMA (aka IS-95) developed by Qualcomm is popular in US andKorea._ Japan has its Personal Digital Communications (PDC)._ GSM suffers from serious limitations_ 66Very low data rates_ Poor support for packet-based data services_ Multiplicity of Standards_

Radio Access Scheme in GSM_ Hybrid FDMA/TDMA

TimeFrequencySingle UserBandwidth____________

2.5 Generation Networks_ Aims to remove some of the drawbacks of 2G._ High-Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD) uses multiple timeslots to increase speed._ General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) introduces the packetdomain and speeds of 115Kbps._ Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) and EnhancedGPRS (EGPRS) uses better modulation techniques to providehigher data rates._ 2.5G is an intermediate step towards 3G networks capable ofproviding higher bandwidth and better services.

BSS MSC

HLR/VLRcellPLMNSS7 link

cellSGSN GGSN PDNIP Link IP Link

GPRS Network Architecture__________

_

A Need to Revamp the Air Interface_ 2G networks built mainly to offer Voice-based services_ With increase in customer expectations and requirements,a need was felt to offer multimedia services_ Air Interface of 2G networks not considered efficientenough to offer these services_ A need to overhaul the air interface in 3G networks wastherefore felt__

Requirement for 3G Air Interface_ Primary requirements for 3G networks, relevant from the airinterface perspective include:_ Support of bit-rates up to 2Mbps_ Mechanisms to efficiently support “Bandwidth on Demand”and Variable Bit Rate (VBR) services_ Support for services with different quality requirements_ Simultaneous co-existence with second-generation systemswith support for inter-system handover._ Higher spectrum efficiency_ CDMA radio access scheme was proposed as a solutionfor 3G radios.

_____________

Agenda_ Introduction to 3G_ CDMA Principles_ 3G Standardization_ UMTS Network Architecture_ UMTS Protocol Architecture__

CDMA Radio Access Scheme_ CDMA: Code Division Multiple AccessTimeFrequencySingle UserBandwidthCodes_____________

CDMA_ CDMA uses spreading codes, which are applied as part ofa secondary modulation of user signals_ Codes are used to transform the user signals into a spreadspectrum-coded version of the original signal, beforetransmission_ Receiver does the reverse process to recover the originalsignal from the coded signal_ Different users are allocated different spreading codes toprovide multiple access__

Spreading and De-spreading_ A technique using which a user’s original signal is transformedinto a signal form, that is “spread” over a larger bandwidth thanwhat is required for the original signal_ Codes used for this transformation of the signal are calledSpreading Codes (also sometimes called Channelization Codes)_ Spreading involves transformation of the user signal bymultiplication (XOR) with bits in a spreading code._ Bits in the spreading code are termed as “chips”, while the bitswithin the user signal are called “symbols”_ Spreading Factor is defined as the ratio of chips to symbols__________

_

Spreading ProcessOriginal SignalSpreading Code(1100)Symbol ChipSpread Signal

Spreading10 011100 0011 0011 1100

___ ___

De-spreading ProcessSpreading Code(1100)De- SpreadingOriginal Signal10 01Spread Signal1100 0011 0011 1100

_____________

Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor CodesSF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4c1,1 = (1)c2,1 = (1,1)c2,2 = (1,-1)c4,1 = (1,1,1,1)c4,2 = (1,1,-1,-1)c4,3 = (1,-1,1,-1)c4,4 = (1,-1,-1,1)C8,1

C8,2

C8,3

C8,4

_

Orthogonal CodesSpreading CodeC4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)De- SpreadingDe-spread SignalSpread Signal1100 0011 0011 1100

? ? ? ?______________

Multi-user Spreading - TransmissionSpreading Code(C4,2)Original SignalSymbol Chip

Spread SignalSpreading0 0 01

Original SignalSpreading Code(C4,1)Symbol Chip

Spread SignalSpreading1

0 01

CompositeSpread Signal______________

Multi-user Spreading - ReceptionSpreading Code(C4,2)CompositeSpread SignalDe-SpreadingDespreadSignal0 0 1 0Spreading Code(C4,1)CompositeSpread SignalDe-SpreadingDespreadSignal1 0 0 1

______________


International Mobile Telecomm. 2000 (IMT-2000)_ Provides Vision for Third Generation Networks._ Includes set of Five Radio Interface technologies._ Technological diversity fosters competition._ The FDD and TDD modes of WCDMA, as standardized by3GPP, has become most popular.3GPP 3GPP2 UWCC ETSI DECTUTRA FDD(DirectSequence)UTRA TDD(Time Code)cdma2000(Multi Carrier )UWC 136(Single Carrier)DECT(FrequencyTime)

IMT 2000 Radio Interface Technologies

______________

Third Generation Partnership Program (3GPP)_ 3GPP was result of initiatives taken to create a single forum fordevelopment of a common specification based on UTRA air i/f._ 3GPP formally came into existence in December 1998._ 3GPP consists of the following standardization bodies:_ Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) of Japan_ Telecommunication Technology Committee (TTC) of Japan

_ European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI) ofEurope_ T1 of USA_ Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA) of Korea_ China Wireless Telecommunication Standards Group (CWTS)__

Objective of 3GPP_ To produce globally applicable Technical Specifications (TS)and Technical Reports (TR) for a 3G Mobile System._ TS are formal 3GPP Specifications._ TR are informal reports made for better understanding of the topic._ A TS is typically written as a TR before becoming a TS._ This may not always be true. Some are purely reports only._ 3GPP is also responsible for the maintenance and developmentof the GSM TS and TR (developed by ETSI). Scope includes:_ Second generation GSM_ General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)_ Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution (EDGE)_____________

3GPP Roadmap Towards 3GEvolution path towards 3GPP Networks (UMTS WCDMA)GSMW-CDMAGPRSEDGE/EGPRS_ Uses circuit switching_ For voice and low speeddata (9.6 or 14.4 Kbps)2.5G_ Uses packet switching_ For voice and medium speed data_ GPRS offers speed upto 115Kbps_ EGPRS offersspeed upto 284 KbpsSecond Generation (2G)_ Uses circuit switching andpacket switching_ For voice and high speed data_ Speed upto 2MbpsThird Generation (3G)__

Organization of 3GPPProject Co-ordination GroupTSG CNCN WG1(MM/CC/SM)CN WG2CAMELCN WG3InterworkingCN WG4MAP/GTP/BCH/SSCN WG5OSA

TSG GERANGERAN WG1Radio AspectsGERAN WG2Protocol AspectsGERAN WG3BS testing, O&MGERAN WG4Terminal Testing -Radio AspectsGERAN WG5Terminal Testing -Protocol Aspects

TSG RAN

RAN WG1Radio L1 spec.RAN WG2Radio L1 and L2RAN WG3Iur/Iub/Iu spec,O&MRAN WG4RadioPerformance,Protocol aspects

TSG SASA WG1ServicesSA WG2ArchitectureSA WG3SecuritySA WG4CODECSA WG5TelecomManagement

TSG TerminalT WG1MT ConformanceTestingT WG1MT Services andCapabilitiesT WG1USIM

______________

3GPP Standardization Phases_ Standardization of a feature goes through three stages:_ Stage 1: In this stage, service is defined in terms of thefunctionality it offers to end-user (i.e. requirements from theservice)._ Stage 2: In this stage, the requirements from Stage 1 areused to define broad functional blocks that will provide theservice. Using these functional blocks, an abstractarchitecture is defined._ Stage 3: In this stage, the functional blocks are assigned toactual physical entities. Further, the protocols used betweenthese entities are also defined in this stage._

3GPP Series NumberingS erie s Su bjec t D esc rip tion2 1 serie s Req uiremen ts Th ese are g en erally temporary spec ification s tha t gradu ate to o th erspe cifica tio n s.2 2 serie s Serv ice asp ects Th ese are ty p ically S tage 1 sp ecific atio n s tha t de fin e th e servicean d serv ice fe atures.2 3 serie s Tech n ical rea liza tio n Th ese are ty p ically S tage 2 sp ecific atio n s tha t de fin e func tio n alb lo ck s an d th e in fo rmation flow b etween the se b lo ck s.2 4 serie s Sign allin g p ro to co ls Th ese are Stag e 3 sp ecific atio n s of p ro to co ls b etween U se rEq u ipmen t an d th e Co re N etw o rk .2 5 serie s Rad io a sp ects Th ese are spec ificatio ns fo r th e radio asp ec ts.2 6 serie s COD ECs In clu d e sp ecification s fo r co dec s fo r sp eech and v id eo .2 7 serie s Data S pe cifica tio n s fo r su ppo rting d ata applicatio ns.2 8 serie s Sign allin g p ro to co ls(RS S -CN )Th ese are Stag e 3 sp ecific atio n s of p ro to co ls b etween rad iosub sy stem (e .g . BSS ) an d edg e o f Co re Netw o rk (e.g . MSC).2 9 serie s Sign allin g p ro to co ls Th ese are Stag e 3 sp ecific atio n s of sig n alling p ro to co ls be tweenelemen ts o f th e Co re Netw o rk .3 0 serie s Pro g ram man ag emen t In clu d es sp ecific atio n s for p ro ject p lans, project w ork p ro gram andstan d -a lo ne do cuments fo r ma jor wo rk items.3 1 serie s SIM/US IM S pe cifica tio n s fo r S IM/U SIM and its in te rfac es w ith o ther en tities.3 2 serie s OAM D efin es sp ecific atio n s fo r app lica tio n o f TM N an d OAM.3 3 serie s Security a sp ects D efin es sp ecific atio n s fo r security a sp ects.3 4 serie s Test sp ec ificatio ns Th ese d efin e test spec ificatio n s.3 5 serie s Security a lg orithms En cry ption alg orithms tha t p rov id e con fid entiality andau th en tic atio n .

_____________

3GPP Version Numbering

_ Each 3GPP specification has a version (x.y.z)._ X is the release number._ 0: Implies that the specification is still a draft._ 1: Implies that the specification is presented to TSG for information._ 2: Implies that the specification is presented to TSG for approval._ 3 and onwards is the Release number

_ Y is the current version of the Release._ Z is used for editing._ For example: 3GPP TS 29.002 ver 4.6.1_ Release number: 4_ Version number: 6_ Edited number: 1__

3GPP Standardization Releases_ 3GPP standards are structures in various releases._ Each release has a set of supported functionality.Year3GPP Releases1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004?Release 99Release 4Release 5Release 6

______________


UMTS Network Architecture_ A typical UMTS network can be modeled as comprising of threebasic parts:_ User Equipment (UE)_ Access Network (AN)_ Core Network (CN)TootherNetworks(e.g. PSTN)Uu interface Iu interfaceUser Equipment(UE)Access Network(AN)Core Network(CN)

______________Radio Access Network Core Network

UMTS Network Architecture - DetailedRNC MSC

HLR/VLRcell

PLMNcellNode-B Node-BUE

SGSN GGSN PDN__

UMTS Network Architecture_ Most of the change is in the Radio Access Network (RAN)part of the mobile network_ CN network elements in 3G are upgraded versions of their2G counterparts_ Radio Access Scheme in 3G is different from that used inGSM/GPRS_ Change in Radio Access Scheme allows operators tosupport multimedia services____________

User Equipment (UE)_ User Equipment (UE) is a device used by a subscriber/user toaccess network services. It comprises of:_ 1. Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM)_ 2. Mobile Equipment (ME): This in turn has two parts:_ Mobile Termination (MT)_ Terminal Equipment (TE)Mobile Equipment (ME)UniversalSubscriberIdentity Module(USIM)Mobile Termination(MT)TerminalEquipment (TE)

User Equipment (UE)__

Access Network_ Access Network resides between UE and Core Network._ It performs the functions specific to the access technique._ In case of UMTS, Access Network performs functions specific to theaccess of WCDMA air interface._ Access Network is covered in detail in next module.BSCBTS BTSBSSRNCRNSAccess NetworkTo Core Network To Core Network

Node B Node B

______________

Core Network_ Core Network performs the important network functions likemobility management, call handling, authentication, sessionhandling, subscriber data management._ Comprises of CS domain and PS domain.H L R E I R

ToAccessNetworkPS DomainAuCSGSN GGSNHLR/AuC

CS DomainMSC/VLR GMSC

CoreNetworkToPacketNetworkToPSTNNetwork_

Hierarchical Organization of UMTS NetworkURA 1 URA 2

RA 1URA 3 URA 4

LA 2LA 1RA 2 RA 3Hierarchical Organization of UMTS Network

______________

Hierarchical Organization of UMTS Network (2)_ Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN): It is at the highestlevel of the hierarchy._ Location Area (LA): LA is defined as an area in which anMS may move freely without updating its current location atthe VLR._ Routing Area (RA): RA is defined as an area in which anMS may move freely without updating its current location atthe SGSN.PLMN identifierMCC(3 digits)MNC(2/3 digits)LAIMCC(3 digits)MNC(2/3 digits)LAC(2 Octets)

RAIMCC(3 digits)MNC(2/3 digits)LAC(2 Octets)RAC(1 Octets)__

Hierarchical Organization of UMTS Network (3)_ UTRAN Registration Area (URA): URA is an area covered bya number of cells internally known in the UTRAN. The URA isused to provide an abstraction between cells and RA._ Cells: At the lowest level of UMTS hierarchy is the cell. Eachcell is identified by the Cell Identity (CI). A CI is unique withina location area. To identify a cell uniquely across PLMNs, an

identity called the Cell Global Identity (CGI) is defined. CGI isobtained by the concatenation of LAI and the CI.LAIMCC(3 digits)MNC(2/3 digits)LAC(2 Octets)CI(2 Octets)CGI______________

Addresses and Identifiers (1)Identity Description CompositionIMSI Permanent identity that uniquely identifies a subscriber. MCC + MNC +MSINMSISDN Service identity that is used for communication with asubscriber.CC + NDC+ SNTMSI Temporary identity that is used to hide the permanentidentity IMSI of a subscriber.4 octets (chosen byoperator)LMSI Temporary identity that is used by VLR to optimizedatabase search.4 octets (allocatedby VLR)MSRN Temporary identity that is allocated by VLR and is used toroute calls directed to a MS.CC + NDC+ SNRNTI Temporary identity used as UE identifiers to exchangesignalling messages between UE and UTRAN.Refer 3GPP TS25.401__

Addresses and Identifiers (2)Identity Description CompositionPDPAddressStatic or dynamic network address used to communicatewith other entities of a Packet Data Network (PDN).Typically IPv4 orIPv6 address.IMEI Permanent identity that uniquely identifies an MS. TAC + SNRLocationNumberRefers to the geographical position of the MS in termsof standardized co-ordinates.CC + NDC+ LSPE.164addressUsed by MSC, GMSC, SGSN, GGSN, EIR, HLR andVLR for the purpose of signalling.CC + NDC+ SNGSNaddressUsed by the GSNs to communicate with each other overIP backbone.IPv4 or IPv6address

RNCidentifierUsed to uniquely identify an RNC. MCC + MNC +RNC-id.

______________

Agenda_ Introduction to 3G_ CDMA Principles_ 3G Standardization_ UMTS Network Architecture_ UMTS Protocol Architecture_ 3G Deployments__

Access Stratum (AS) and Non-Access Stratum (NAS)_ Access Stratum (AS): Provides means to carry information overthe air i/f and the means to manage its resources._ Non-Access Stratum (NAS): Include protocols that apply betweenUE and the Core NetworkNon-Access Stratum (NAS)UE Core NetworkNASprotocolsNASprotocolsAccess NetworkAccess Stratum (AS)RelayASentityASentityUu Stratum Iu StratumUuinterfaceIuinterface

_____________

Radio Interface Protocols: AS and NAS PartsAccess and Non-access StratumPDCPBMCPhysical LayerMACRLCRRC

Control Plane User PlaneControl

MM/GMMCC SM SS SMS User Plane Protocols(e. g. IP)Non-AccessStratumAccessStratum__

Access Network: Overview_ 3GPP standards allow two different types of accessnetwork systems to interface with the core network.

_ Base Station Subsystem (BSS): BSS is a legacy of the GSM._ Radio Network Subsystem (RNS): RNS is the newlystandardized access network for Rel99 onwards UTRAN._ The MSC (or SGSN) can connect to one of these AccessNetwork type or to both of them._ Apart from GSM RAN and UTRAN, there is GERAN._ GSM RAN and GERAN are outside the scope of thepresentation.______________

Architecture of Access NetworkBSC RNCNode B Node BAbisRNCBTS BTSUmIurIu_CS Iu_PSPS DomainA GbCS DomainU EAccessNetworkCoreNetwork

BSS RNSAbis Iub IubUm U u U u

Access Network_

Base Station Subsystem (BSS)_ Base Station Controller (BSC): Controls one or more BTS. Theimportant functions performed by BSC include_ Radio Resource Management,_ Control of BTS,_ Inter-cell handovers and_ power control._ Base Transceiver Station (BTS): BTS provides services in a cell.The important functions performed by BTS include_ Channel Coding,_ Encryption/Decryption, and_ Transcoding and Rate Adaptation.

_____________

Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)_ Radio Network Controller (RNC): Controls one or more Node B.The important functions performed by RNC include:_ Radio Resource Management,_ Control of Node B,_ Encryption/Decryption,_ Admission control and_ Downlink power control and uplink outer loop power control._ Node B: Node B provides services in a cell. The importantfunctions performed by Node B include_ Channel Coding,_ Rate Matching_ Spreading/Despreading_ Inner-loop power control

_

Uu interfaces

Radio Interface: Types of ChannelsPDCPBMCPhysical LayerMACRLCRRCLogical channelsTranport channelsControl

Control PlaneLayer 1Layer 2Layer 3

User PlaneSignaling Radio BearersPhysical channelsUser Plane Radio Bearers

____________

_

Iu_CS InterfaceRadioNetworkLayerTransportNetworkLayerRANAPControl PlaneTransport NetworkUser PlaneTransport NetworkControl PlaneAAL2 SignallingIu UP ProtocolUser PlaneTransport NetworkUser PlaneSCCPMTP3bSSCF-N N ISSCOPAAL5STC for MTP3bMTP3bSSCF-N N ISSCOPAAL5Physical LayerATMAAL2

Iu_CS interface_

Iu_PS InterfaceIu_PS interfaceRadioNetworkLayerTransportNetworkLayerRANAPControl PlaneTransport NetworkUser PlaneIu UP ProtocolUser PlaneTransport NetworkUser PlanePhysical LayerATMSCCPAAL5MTP3b

SSCF-NNISSCOP IPSCTPM3UAAAL5GTP-UU D PI P

____________

_

Iur InterfaceIur interfaceRadioNetworkLayerTransportNetworkLayerRNSAPControl PlaneTransport NetworkUser PlaneUser PlaneTransport NetworkUser PlanePhysical LayerATMSCCPAAL5Transport NetworkControl PlaneAAL2 SignallingSTC for MTP3bAAL5MTP3bSSCF-NNISSCOP IPSCTPM3UA MTP3bSSCF-NNISSCOP IPSCTPM3UAAAL2DCH FP CCH FP

_

Iub InterfaceIub interfaceRadioNetworkLayerTransportNetworkLayerNBAPControl PlaneTransport NetworkUser PlaneTransport NetworkControl PlaneAAL2 SignallingUser PlaneTransport NetworkUser PlaneSSCF-U N ISSCOPAAL5STC for UNI-SAALSSCF-U N ISSCOPAAL5Physical LayerATMAAL2DCH FPRACH FPFACH FPPCH FPDSCH FPHS-DSCHUSCH FP

___________

Iu_BC Interface

Iub interfaceRadioNetworkLayerTransportNetworkLayerSABP ProtocolSA Broadcast PlaneTransport NetworkUser PlanePhysicalATMAAL5TCPI P

_

Radio Interface Protocols_ Includes AS protocols applicable over the radio interface._ Radio Interface protocol includes:_ Medium Access Control (MAC)_ Radio Link Control (RLC)_ Broadcast/Multicast Control (BMC)_ Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)_ Radio Resource Control (RRC)_ Radio interface architecture is defined in 3GPP TS 25.301.____________

_

Radio Interface Protocols: MAC (1)_ MAC maps the data received on logical channels from RLC toappropriate transport channels of the physical layer._ MAC layer is further divided into four different logical entities :_ MAC-b: The MAC-b controls access to the Broadcast CHannel (BCH)._ MAC-hs: The MAC-hs controls access to the High Speed-DownlinkShared CHannel (HS-DSCH)._ MAC-c/sh: The MAC-c/sh controls access to the common and sharedchannels (except the broadcast and high-speed downlink sharedchannel)._ MAC-d: The MAC-d controls access to the Dedicated CHannel (DCH)._ MAC is defined in 3GPP TS 25.321

Radio Interface Protocols: MAC (2)Logical Channels and Mapping with Transport ChannelsMapping to TransportName of Logical channelChannel Abbr. DescriptionUplink DownlinkBroadcast Control Channel BCCH A downlink channel for broadcasting system controlinformation.N/a BCH/ FACHPaging Control Channel PCCHA downlink channel that transfers paging information.This channel is used when the network does not know thelocation cell of the UE, or, the UE is in the cell-connectedstate (utilizing UE sleep mode procedures).N/a PCHCommon Control Channel CCCHBi-directional channel for transmitting controlinformation between network and UEs. This channel iscommonly used by the UEs having no RRC connectionwith the network and by the UEs using common transportchannels when accessing a new cell after cell reselection.RACH FACHDedicated Control Channel DCCHA point-to-point bi-directional channel that transmitsdedicated control information between a UE and thenetwork. This channel is established through RRCconnection setup procedure.RACH/ DCH/CPCH (FDD)/USCH (TDD)FACH/ DSCH/HS-DSCH/DCHContort Channel (CCH)

Shared Channel ControlChannel SHCCHBi-directional channel that transmits control informationfor uplink and downlink shared channels betweennetwork and UEs. This channel is for TDD only.RACH (TDD)/USCH (TDD)FACH (TDD)/DSCH (TDD)Dedicated Traffic Channel DTCHIt is a point-to-point channel, dedicated to one UE, for thetransfer of user information. A DTCH can exist in bothuplink and downlink.RACH/ DCH/CPCH (FDD)/USCH (TDD)FACH/ DSCH/HS-DSCH/DCHTraffic Channel(TCH)Common Traffic Channel CTCHA point-to-multipoint unidirectional channel for transferof dedicated user information for all or a group ofspecified UEs.N/a FACH

____________

_

Radio Interface Protocols: RLC_ Provides link-layer services like reliable data transfer, segmentationand reassembly, flow control, error control and sequencenumbering._ RLC layer provides three modes:_ RLC Transparent Mode (TM): Most basic modes, performs veryprimitive function._ RLC Unacknowledged Mode (UM): Adds sequence numbering facility._ RLC Acknowledged Mode (AM): Most comprehensive of the threemodes, provides segmentation and reassembly, concatenation, errorcorrection, flow control and ciphering._ AM mode operates over DCCH or DTCH logical channel._ RLC is defined in 3GPP TS 25.322__

Radio Interface Protocols: PDCP_ PDCP is used to carry user-plane information for the PS-domain._ PDCP does not exist in the control plane._ PDCP does not exist for the CS domain._ PDCP carries data protocols like IP and PPP._ Compression of redundant header information forms one of the mostimportant functions of PDCP protocol._ Apart from this, PDCP provides means to transfer PDCP SDUreceived from non-access stratum using the RLC layer._ Functions of PDCP are similar to that of Sub Network DependentConvergence Protocol (SNDCP) used in GPRS._ PDCP layer is detailed in 3GPP TS 25.323.______________

Radio Interface Protocols: BMC_ BMC is used to carry user-plane information in the downlinkdirection._ The information is broadcast or multicast in nature and is sent inunacknowledged mode._ PDCP layer is detailed in 3GPP TS 25.324__

Radio Interface Protocols: RRC_ RRC is the most important of the Radio Interface protocols.

_ RRC is used for signaling between UTRAN and UE._ RRC controls all the lower layers including:_ PDCP_ BMC_ RLC_ MAC and_ Physical layer._ RRC is used in the control plane; it is not used in the user plane._ RRC layer is defined in 3GPP TS 25.331.______________

ATM-Based Protocols_ Includes ATM-based protocols used in the Transport Network Layer._ ATM-based protocol includes:_ Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)_ ATM Adaptation Layer 2 (AAL2)_ ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5)_ Service Specific Connection Oriented Part (SSCOP)_ Service Specific Co-ordination Function for NNI (SSCF-NNI)_ Service Specific Co-ordination Function for UNI (SSCF-UNI)_ Message Transfer Part 3 for Broadband (MTP3b)_ Signaling Transport Converter_ AAL2 Signaling__

Radio Network Layer Protocols_ Includes Radio Network Layer protocols used in UTRAN._ It includes:_ Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP)_ Radio Network Subsystem Application Part (RNSAP)_ Node B Application Part (NBAP)_ Iu User Plane Protocol_ Iu Framing Protocol_ UTRAN architecture is defined in 3GPP TS 25.401._____________

Radio Network Protocols: RANAP (1)_ RANAP controls the signaling between Access and Core Network._ It is used between RNC and MSC/VLR and between RNC andSGSN._ Thus it controls signaling for both Iu_CS and Iu_PS interfaces._ Thus, control plane for Iu_CS and Iu_PS is same._ This is not true for user plane which is different. This is why AAL2 isused in Iu_CS and AAL5 in Iu_PS._ RANAP layer is defined in 3GPP TS 25.413.__

Radio Network Protocols: RANAP (2)_ Important functions of RANAP are:_ Radio Resource Management_ Iu link management_ Transport of NAS signalling information_ Mobility Management_ Security mode control_ Tracing_ Query of Geographical Information_ Report Collection of unacknowledged data

______________

Radio Network Protocols: RNSAP_ RNSAP controls the signaling between two RNC._ One RNC acts as Serving RNC (SRNC) and other takes the role of DriftRNC (DRNC)._ It is used between over Iur interface._ RNSAP is primarily used for inter-RNC soft handover. Apart fromthis, it is used for_ Radio Link Management and Supervision (of DRNC)_ Measurements on Dedicated and Common Resources_ Rate Control_ Paging_ Relocation_ Iur Interface Reset_ RNSAP layer is defined in 3GPP TS 25.423._

Radio Network Protocols: NBAP_ NBAP controls the signaling between RNC and Node B._ It is used between over Iub interface._ NBAP is primarily used for the following_ NBAP protocol is used by the RNC to control the resources of the NodeB._ The NBAP protocol is also used by Node B to send measurementreports to RNC._ Besides this, NBAP protocol is used for fault management purposes._ NBAP layer is defined in 3GPP TS 25.433._____________

….for your time and patience!!Thanks….

3g mobile networks

Documents