3g india research project report

7/31/2019 3G India Research Project Report

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LXELG#VR#EX#6 egaau xk| edgmmka bm vdk 488 ODz lgmf- Ge|cuu vdk yc|af!

ogmr cxk|gvc|u gfcxvkf vdk Iaclga Uruvko nc| Oclbak ecoo{mbegvbcm $IUO"

uvgmfg|f! ydbed {ukf Vbok Fb~bubcm O{avbxak Geekuu $VFOG" vc o{avbxakt {x vc

4 egaau xk| edgmmka bm vdk 288 gmf 7488 ODz lgmfu-

Vdk Bmvk|mgvbcmga Vkakecoo{mbegvbcmu [mbcm $BV[" fknbmkf vdk vdb|f

ikmk|gvbcm $5I" cn oclbak vkakxdcmr uvgmfg|fu BOV/


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K^/FC \k~- L egm {uk < vc 7; edgmmkau! ybvd kged fcymabm` xkg`bmi gv 6-2

Olxu-

[av|g Oclbak L|cgflgmf $[OL" ygu uagvkf vc |kged

v|gmubvbcmga uvkx vc K^/FC- K^/FC uvgmfg|fu yk|k ktvkmfkf vybek \k~bubcm

G uk|~beku kok|ikf bm gmf g|k mcy lkbmi u{eekkfkf lr x|cf{evu vdgv

{uk \k~bubcm L vc bme|kguk fgvg |gvku lr v|gmuobvvbmi c~k| o{avbxak edgmmkau-

Vdk 5IXX


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\KUKG\ED FKUBIM:

Og|`kvbmi |kukg|ed bu cnvkm ecmek|mkf ybvd vdk lkdg~bc|u cn vdk ecmu{ok| bm

vdk |kuxkev og|`kvbmi |kukg|ed dg~k f|gym dkg~bar cm vdk lkdg~bc|ga-Uebkmeku u{ed g xuredcacir gmf ucebcacir bm ngev vdk ecmv|bl{vbcm cn vdbu

uebkmek vc og|`kvbmi |kukg|ed dg~k lkkm ~k|r ubimbnbegmv kuxkebgaar ybvd

|kig|f vc vyc guxkev-

7- Vdk |kukg|ed vkedmbw{k {ukf lr xuredcacir gmf vdkr dg~k goxar {ukf

ucebcacibuvu lkbmi cn ecmubfk|glak |kak~gmek vc og|`kvbmi |kukg|edk|u-


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LXELG#VR#EX#- Abobvgvbcm cn vdk Uv{fr

Ydbak x{|u{bmi vdk |kukg|ed! vdk|k yk|k uk~k|ga abobvgvbcmu vdgv ecok ge|cuu

vdgv abobvkf vdk knnc|vu cn acc`bmi nc| vdk |kw{b|kf bmnc|ogvbcm- Vdk abobvgvbcmu

g|k gu abuvkf lkacy:

Abobvkf uc{|ek cn bmnc|ogvbcm:

Age` cn x|k~bc{u |kukg|ed gmf abobvkf uc{|ek cn bmnc|ogvbcm! og`k bv

fbnnbe{av nc| |kukg|edk| kuxkebgaar vc fc abvk|gv{|k |k~bky- Lkubfku!

vdkuk abobvkf uc{|eku gauc fbnnbe{av vc lk geekuukf- Vdbu bu lkeg{uk

gaocuv gaa cn vdk bmnc|ogvbcm glc{v 5I bu x{labudkf lr cvdk|

ec{mv|bku- Vdk|knc|k! |kukg|edk| dgu vc x{|edguk vdgv g|vbeaku c|

jc{|mgau bm c|fk| vc clvgbm ~ga{glak bmnc|ogvbcm nc| vdbu |kukg|ed

xgxk|-

Vbok ecmuv|gbmv:

Vdk |kukg|ed dgu vc lk fcmk bm g ~k|r abobvkf vbok- Vdk |kukg|edk|

dgu cmar lkkm ib~km vd|kk ocmvdu vc ecoxakvk vdk ydcak vgu`0 nbmf

g vcxbe! fc abvk|gv{|k |k~bky! og`k fgvg ecaakevbcm! gmgarzk fgvg gmf

y|bvk g |kxc|v- Bv bu w{bvk fbnnbe{av nc| g lgube |kukg|edk| vc fc gaa

vdkuk vdbmiu ybvdbm vbok ib~km ubmek vdk|k g|k cvdk| u{ljkevu vg`km

lr vdk |kukg|edk|-

Abobvkf Vg|ikv G|kg . Xcx{agvbcm:

Vdk vg|ikv g|kg cn c{| |kukg|ed bu Igmfdbmgig| Ebvr gmf dkmek! c{|

x|bog|r fgvg ecaakevbcm fcmk vd|c{id nbaabmi cn w{kuvbcmmgb|k bu ~k|r

abobvkf- Vdk vg|ikv xcx{agvbcm dkmek bu gauc abobvkf gmf ogr mcv lk

v|{k |kx|kukmvgvb~k cn vdk xcx{agvbcm bm Igmfdbmgig| gmf nc| vdk

|kukg|ed-


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LXELG#VR#EX#5 xk|ekmv dgf ngobabg|bvr ybvd bv gu g

ecmekxv-

Vdk ocuv kgik| i|c{x |kgfr vc gfcxv 5I ygu xcyk| {uk|u ag|ikar

ogfk {x cn yc|`bmi x|cnkuubcmgau gmf bmvk|mkv/ug~~r rc{vd- Vdkr vcaf

Mbkaukm vdkr yk|k kgik| vc kol|gek dbidk| uxkkfu vc geekuu vdk

bmvk|mkv gmf fcymacgf ag|ik gvvgedokmvu-

G vdb|f $5>+" cn vdkuk ecmu{ok|u bmfbegvkf g uv|cmi fbuxcubvbcm vcyg|fu 5I

gfcxvbcm- Cvdk|! akuu vked |kabgmv i|c{xu! ygu akuu kmvd{ubguvbe glc{v vdk mktv

yg~k cn oclbak uk|~beku- Vc f|b~k oguu gfcxvbcm! dgmfukv l{mfabmi ybaa mkkf

vc lk boxakokmvkf- K~km ybvd gm kmdgmekf {uk| ktxk|bkmek cm g 5I mkvyc|`!

f|b~bmi obi|gvbcm vc 5I fk~beku ybaa lk g edgaakmik- Vdk uv{fr nc{mf vdgv

l{mfabmi 5I uk|~beku ybvd mky dgmfukvu ybaa lk vdk ocuv knnkevb~k ec{|uk cn

gevbcm nc| vkakeco eg||bk|u-

Vdb|vr nb~k xk|ekmv cn u{lue|blk|u ugbf vdkr yc{af akg~k vdkb| e{||kmv eg||bk| bn

vdkr ngbakf vc x|c~bfk 5I uk|~beku- Bm ecmv|guv! cmar ubt xk|ekmv cn vdcuk akuu

bmeabmkf vc x{|edguk 5I uk|~beku ugbf vdkr yc{af edgmik eg||bk| bn 5I ygu mcv

ogfk g~gbaglak-


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|kxc|vkf vdgv bv dgu vbkf {x ybvd K|beuucm Bmfbg! Mc`bg Ubkokmu Mkvyc|ù$MUM" gmf D{gykb Vkedmcacibku nc| bvu

5I bmn|guv|{ev{|k- Mkvyc|ù bm uk~km

c{v cn Gb|vkau 75 eb|eaku ybaa lk

ogmgikf lr K|beuucm Bmfbg! ydk|kgu

MUM gmf D{gykb ybaa vg`k eg|k cn vd|kk

eb|eaku kged- Kged ~kmfc| ybaa xagm!

fkubim! fkxacr gmf ogbmvgbm 5I/DUXG

mkvyc|ù bm bvu gaacvvkf eb|eaku-

Gb|vkau eb|eaku bmea{fk Fkadb! O{olgb! Gmfd|g X|gfkud! @g|mgvg`g! Vgoba

Mgf{! [vvg| X|gfkud $Y"! \gjguvdgm! Ykuv Lkmiga! Dbogedga X|gfkud! Lbdg|!

Mc|vd Kguv! Jgoo{ . @gudob| gmf Guugo-

Bfkg |kgfrbmi 5I uk|~bek

Vdk mktv vkakecou cxk|gvc| vc ikv bvu dgmfu cm 5I

lgmfybfvd ygu vdk Gfbvrg Lb|ag I|c{x/cymkf Bfkg

Ekaa{ag|! ydbed ycm abekmuku nc| 77 eb|eaku

Ogdg|gudv|g! Dg|rgmg! I{jg|gv! Gmfd|g X|gfkud!

X{mjgl! @k|gag! [vvg| X|gfkud $Y"! Ogfdrg

X|gfkud! Dbogedga X|gfkud gmf Jgoo{ .

@gudob|-

Bfkg xagmu vc ag{med bvu 5I uk|~beku bm vdk aguv


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LXELG#VR#EX#\kedg|ik ~c{edk|u nc| x|k/xgbf e{uvcok|u

ybaa gauc lk edkgxk| gv \u- 7!622 $kg|abk|

g~gbaglak nc| \u- "- Vdk x{labe ukevc|

{mfk|vg`bmi dgu gauc ag{medkf mky udc|v/

vk|o ~gabfbvr ~c{edk|u- G ~c{edk| cn \u- 78 cnnk|u


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X|cnkuubcm

Koxacrkf 67

Ukan/Koxacrkf 72

Uv{fkmv ;>

Cvdk| 6

Vcvga 7+

69+

5+

X|cnkuubcm

Koxacrkf

Ukan/Koxacrkf

Uv{fkmv

Cvdk|

CLUK\^GVBCM: Cn vdk vcvga ugoxak $7


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;+

9+


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Mc +

6;+

Udbnv Vc 5I Uk|~beku Bm Mkg| N{v{|k Nc|

Mcm/[uk|

Rku

Mc

Egm)v Ugr

CLUK\^GVBCM: Cn vdk vcvga


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Xcc| Mkvyc|` +


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OVMA 8

Cvdk| 8

Vcvga 55

;

4

;

4

7

>

8 8

Edcbek Cn 5I Uk|~bek X|c~bfk| Bm N{v{|kEdcbek Cn 5I Uk|~bek X|c~bfk| Bm N{v{|k

CLUK\^GVBCM: Cn vdk vcvga mcm/{uk|u cn 5I uk|~beku! 4 ugoxak {mbvu yc{af

edccuk ^CFGNCMK gmf BFKG bm n{v{|k nc| vdk {uk cn 5I uk|~beku

|kuxkevb~kar- > ugoxak {mbvu yc{af ic nc| LUMA 5I Uk|~beku! ; ugoxak {mbvu

ybaa edccuk GB\VKA . \KABGMEK |kuxkevb~kar! cmar 7 ugoxak {mbvu yc{af

edccuk nc| GB\EKA 5I Uk|~bek bm n{v{|k! ydk|kgu vdk|k g|k mc {uk|u nc|

OVMA c| gmr CVDK\ 5I Uk|~beku bm n{v{|k-

GMGARUBU: Bv bu eakg| n|co vdk glc~k cluk|~gvbcm vdgv vdk vcvga mcm/{uk| cn

5I Uk|~beku b-k- 55 |kuxcmfkmvu! ogjc|bvr yc{af x|knk| vc {uk ^CFGNCMK .

BFKG bm mkg| n{v{|k bn vdkr yc{af udbnv vc {uk cn 5I uk|~bek ydk|kgu OVMA c|

gmr Cvdk| g|k gocmiuv vdcuk uk|~bek x|c~bfk| ydbed mcmk cn vdk |kuxcmfkmv

yc{af ab`k vc edccuk gu vdkb| cxk|gvc| bn vdkr uybved vc vdk {uk cn 5I Uk|~bek

bm n{v{|k- Uvgmfbmi


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LXELG#VR#EX#< $68+" cn vdk |kuxcmfkmvu nc{mf vdkbmnc|ogvbcm cm 5I uk|~beku n|co VKAK^BUBCM! 57 $


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Cn vdk vcvga ugoxak u{|~krkf! 9


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LXELG#VR#EX#- X\CEKUU:

Vdk x|cekuu kakokmv cn vdk uk|~bek og|`kvbmi obt bu ecmek|mkf ybvd ygr bmydbed vdk uk|~bek bu fkab~k|kf vc vdk e{uvcok|- Vdk bmukxg|glbabvr

edg|gevk|buvbeu cn uk|~bek dgu gm boxc|vgmv boxabegvbcm nc| dcy vdk uk|~bek

ecoxgmr xk|ucmmka fkab~k| vdk uk|~bek vc vdk e{uvcok| gmf dcy vdk e{uvcok|

xg|vbebxgvku bm vdk uk|~bek fkab~k|r x|cekuu- Vdk g{tbabg|r guxke v cn vdk

uk|~bek vdgv bu vdk gffkf ~ga{k cn vdk uk|~bek! lkecok gm boxc|vgmv

ecoxkvbvb~k ykgxcm bm fbnnk|kmvbgvbmi vdk uk|~bek n|co ecoxkvbvc|u ydkm vdk

uk|~bek bu ktxk|bkmekf lr vdk e{uvcok|- Vdk|knc|k! vdk c~k|gaa knnkevb~kmkuu cn

vdk uk|~bek x|cekuu n{mfgokmvgaar fkxkmfu cm dcy vdk ecmu{ok|u {uk vdk

uk|~bek ydbed dg~k lkkm fknbmkf gu gevu |gvdk| vdgm vdbmiu gmf vdbu eguvu

ucok abidv cm vdk ecmekxv cn x|cekuu ogmr lkmknbvu n|co uk|~bek cee{| mcv

uc o{ed gu g |ku{av cn ydgv bu cnnk|kf! gu bm vdk ygr cn ydbed bv bu cnnk|kf-

9- XDRUBEGA K^BFKMEK:

Ubmek g uk|~bek bu bmvgmiblak! bv bu boxc|vgmv nc| vdk ecoxgmr vc ukg|ed nc|

vgmiblak c| xdrubega ea{ku ydbed kmglak vdko vc k~ga{gvk vdk cxxc|v{mbvbku-

Uk|~bek nb|ou o{uv lk bm Igmfdbmgig| gmf Gdogfglgf ygu vdgv k~k|r guxkev

cn vdk ecoxgmr ybaa gnnkev vdk ecmu{ok| ydkm dk ecoku bmvc ecmvgev ybvd vdk

uk|~bek-

Vdk|k g|k vyc vrxku cn Xdrubega k~bfkmek:


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Abnkuvrak

Abnkuvrak cn e{uvcok|u bu gmcvdk| boxc|v ngevc| gnnkevbmi vdk ecmu{ok| l{rbmi

lkdg~bc|- Abnkuvrak |knk|u vc vdk ygr g xk|ucm ab~ku bm g ucebkvr gmf bu

ktx|kuukf lr vdk vdbmiu bm dbu#dk| u{||c{mfbmiu- Bv bu fkvk|obmkf lr e{uvcok|

bmvk|kuvu! cxbmbcmu! gevb~bvbku kve- gmf udgxku dbu ydcak xgvvk|m cn gevbmi gmf

bmvk|gevbmi bm vdk yc|af-

Xk|ucmgabvr

Xk|ucmgabvr edgmiku n|co xk|ucm vc xk|ucm! vbok vc vbok gmf xagek vc xagek-

Vdk|knc|k bv egm i|kgvar bmna{kmek vdk l{rbmi lkdg~bc| cn e{uvcok|u- Gev{gaar!

Xk|ucmgabvr bu mcv ydgv cmk ykg|u0 |gvdk| bv bu vdk vcvgabvr cn lkdg~bc| cn g ogm

bm fbnnk|kmv eb|e{ouvgmeku- Bv dgu fbnnk|kmv edg|gevk|buvbeu u{ed gu: fcobmgmek!

gii|kuub~kmkuu! ukan/ecmnbfkmek kve- ydbed egm lk {ukn{a vc fkvk|obmk vdk

ecmu{ok| lkdg~bc| nc| xg|vbe{ag| x|cf{ev c| uk|~bek-

6- Xuredcacibega Ngevc|u

Vdk|k g|k nc{| boxc|vgmv xuredcacibega ngevc|u gnnkevbmi vdk ecmu{ok| l{rbmi

lkdg~bc|- Vdkuk g|k: xk|ekxvbcm! ocvb~gvbcm! akg|mbmi! lkabknu gmf gvvbv{fku-

Ocvb~gvbcm

Vdk ak~ka cn ocvb~gvbcm gauc gnnkevu vdk l{rbmi lkdg~bc| cn e{uvcok|u- K~k|r

xk|ucm dgu fbnnk|kmv mkkfu u{ed gu xdrubcacibega mkkfu! lbcacibega mkkfu!

ucebga mkkfu kve- Vdk mgv{|k cn vdk mkkfu bu vdgv! ucok cn vdko g|k ocuv

x|kuubmi ydbak cvdk|u g|k akguv x|kuubmi- Vdk|knc|k g mkkf lkecoku g ocvb~k

ydkm bv bu oc|k x|kuubmi vc fb|kev vdk xk|ucm vc ukk` ugvbungevbcm-


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LXELG#VR#EX#8/obaabcm ekaaxdcmk ecmmkevbcmu bm vdk ec{mv|r

g~gbabmi 5I uk|~beku-

Edkmmgb/lgukf oclbak laciik| ^g|{m @|budmgm! ydc dgu ktxk|bokmvkf

ybvd vdk 5I xagmu cn gaa Vkaecu! ugru vdgv uxkkfu dg~k ngaakm lr g

nbnvd c~k| vdk aguv ec{xak cn ocmvdu- ,Bmbvbga uxkkfu yk|k 6/; olxu!

lk bv ^cfgncmk! Bfkg c| LUMA- Mcy! bv bu fcym vc 7/< olxu gmf

vdk|knc|k vdk|k bu g lbi fbuecmmkev lkvykkm ydgv bu x|cobukf bm vdk gfu

vc vdk |kga yc|af ktxk|bkmek!, dk ugru- @|budmgm bu cn vdk ~bky vdgv

box|c~bmi {uk| ktxk|bkmek bu vdk `kr vc nguvk| xkmkv|gvbcm cn 5I-


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Fbuoga uxkkfugmf xgvedr ecmmkevb~bvr vcx vdk abuv cn |kgucmu ydr

5I dgu ngbakf vc igvdk| uxkkf bm Bmfbg- G ubimbnbegmv ogjc|bvr cn

e{uvcok| ecoxagbmvu |kagvk vc 5I ktxk|bkmek lkbmi ubobag| vc KFIK

gmf IX\U cm


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Bm g lbf vc kmec{|gik 5I {ugik! Bfkg Ekaa{ag| |kekmvar ag{medkf x|cocvbcmga

cnnk|u ~gabf {mvba vdk rkg|/kmf! ydk|k e{uvcok|u egm kmjcr fc{lak vdk fgvg

gaacykf {mfk| vdkb| xagm-

Ktxk|vu gmf cxk|gvc|u ugr vdk vkedmbega iabvedku ybaa uccm lk b|cmkf c{v-

,Vdkuk g|k |kagvb~kar mky mkvyc|`u gmf bv vg`ku uk~k|ga ocmvdu nc| oclbak

xdcmk ecoxgmbku vc cxvbobzk! nbmk/v{mk gmf xa{i vdk igxu- Bv fbf vg`k ucok

vbok lknc|k gaa vdk igxu bm


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G" L|gmf Mgok F" Fgvg Edg|iku

L" Uxkkf cn Fgvg Ecmmkevbcm#V|gmunk| K" Gf~k|vbukokmv

E" Lgube Ecuv cn Fk~bek#Ubo N" Cm \knk|kmek

W-7>- Ydbed bu vdk lkuv nkgv{|k cn rc{| e{||kmv uk|~bek x|c~bfk| bm 5I Uk|~bek3

G" Mkvyc|` Ec~k|gik F" E{uvcok| Eg|k Uk|~beku

L" Uke{|bvr K" Fgvg Edg|iku

E" Uxkkf cn Fgvg Ecmmkevbcm#V|gmunk| N" [ugik $[uk|/N|bkmfabmkuu"

W-79- G|k rc{ ugvbunbkf ybvd vdk uk|~beku lkbmi x|c~bfkf vc rc{3

G" Uv|cmiar Ugvbunbkf F" Fbuugvbunbkf

L" Ugvbunbkf K" Uv|cmiar FbuugvbunbkfE" Mk{v|ga

W-74- G|k vdk x|cobuku ogfk lr vdk uk|~bek x|c~bfk| n{anbaakf cn rc{| 5I Uk|~bek3

G" Rku

L" Mc

E" Ucokydgv

*VDGM@U NC\ RC[\ VBOK

GMF GUUBUVGMEK BM VG@BMI XG\V BM

VDBU \KXC\V*

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