Unmanned Ariel VehiclesUAV/Drone Education

(The Real Story of Drones)Grand Canyon University

ADM-636By Anthony Joseph Hernandez

Definition of what a UAV/ Drone?

By definition a UAV are known as a Unmanned Ariel Vehicle that is controlled by line of sight or distant remote control pilot or operator. These UVA’s have been nicknamed as drones.

Today these UAV’s are fixed wing or multi-rotary motor type crafts. A drone can be as small as quarter and up to the size of a small fighter jet. These UAV’s can be powered by fuel or battery operation.

History of UAV’s (Drones) (1)• 1903-Pre-aviation days the use of primitive UAV technology was used

for combat and surveillance.

• 1910’s- During World War I, the U.S. made test flights of UAV and recognized the potential for combat before Armistice arrived.

• 1930’s-By the mid-to-late 1930s, the new emerging UAV’s were used as a combat training tool, to train pilots.

• 1940’s- During World War II, Nazi Germany developed the V-1 and V-2 rockets that were used to bomb England on a regular bases. There was no defense against these weapons, until the U.S. develop a targeting system that could track and shoot down the rockets.

• 1960’s-The new UAV took on a new combat role during the Vietnam War as a stealth surveillance tool.

History of UAV’s (Drones) (2)• 1970’s-The success of the FireBee UAV continued to the end of the

Vietnam War. Other countries in the 1970’s began to develop their own UAV’s. The U.S. began to develop more advance UAV’s.

• 1980’s-During the late 1970’s and throughout the 1980’s, Israeli Air Force was aggressive in designing and developing new versions of UAV’s, which were integrated into many UAV fleets around the world and including the U.S.

• 1990’s-UAV’s served a critical combat role of keeping pilots away from harm and allowing the UAV’s to perform the same mission. The UAV’s has become one of the most important tech arsenals of our time. Many nations now have UAV’s as part of their military arsenal. They are also playing a peaceful role of monitoring weather and the Earth’s environment.

• The Future-Micro-Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Bird Surveillance Drones, Fish Drones, Wrist Drones, and even Nano-Drones.

The Last Thing A Terrorist Will See!

Pros of Military Using UAV’s (Drones)“Drones strikes make the U.S. safer by decimating terrorist networks across the world”.

“Drones kill fewer civilians, as a percentage of total fatalities, than any other military weapon”.

“Drones make U.S. military personnel safer”.

“Drone strikes are cheaper then engaging in ground or manned aerial combat”.

“Drones strikes are legal under international law and U.S. law”.

“Drone limit the scope and scale of military action”.

“ Drone pilots have a lower risk for post traumatic stress disorder”.

http://drones.procon.org/

Cons of Military Using UAV’s (Drones)“Drones strikes create more terrorist than they kill”.

“Drone strikes target individuals who may not be terrorist or enemy combatants”.

“Drones strikes kill larger numbers of civilians and traumatize local populations”.

“Drones strikes mostly kill low-value targets who are not significant threats to U.S. safety and security”.

“Drone strikes violate international law”.

“Drone strikes are secretive, lack sufficient legal oversight and prevent accountability of leaders”.

“Many drone operators have emotional and psychological Stress”.

http://drones.procon.org/

UAV’s/ Drones For Domestic Use

• Aerial Hobby User

• Commercial Application- Movie Production, Television Commercials, Business Marketing

• Public Safety- First Responders

• Search and Rescue

• EMS Medical Drone Responder

• Emergency Management- Disaster Exercises

• Land Survey

• Special Events- Sports, Parades, Fiesta, Weddings

Two Types of UAV’s/ Drones

Quad-Copters

Fixed Wing

Two Of The Most Popular Drones

Parrot AR Drone 2.0 DJI Phantom 2 Vision Plus

Photos From The Parrot AR Drone 2.0

Local Street Water Front

Today’s UAV’s/ Drone Are For Fun Or Domestic Use

Aerial View Using GPS First Person View (FPV)

Screen Data In Real Time First Person View (FPV)

What Does A UAV/ Drone Cost?

A UAV/ Drone can cost from $500 to $22,000 with decent cameras and GPS. Anything without GPS is just a fun toy.

Application Use of UAV’s (Drones)in Public Safety

• Military Surveillance and Target Acquisition• Law Enforcement Traffic Monitoring and Crowd Control• Law Enforcement Major Highway Multiple Vehicle Accident• Law Enforcement High Risk Warrants and Arrest• Fire Fighting Tactical View of Fire Scene • Fire Fighter High Angle Rescue or Collapse Structure• CERT UAV’s/Drones in Support of Local Authorities• Search and Rescue of Lost Child or Lost Adult• Water Ways Search of Lost Person(s) and Water Craft• HAZMAT Ariel View of Scene• Train Derailments.• Natural Disaster Sites Ariel Surveys for Emergency Management• Agriculture, Wildlife, Flood Plains, and Land Management

Possible EMS Response In Rural Areas

Alec Momont A Graduate From Delft University Of Technology

• A recent college graduate says drones are the answer to a shortage of emergency services, Matt McFarland reports for The Washington Post. Alec Momont, whose family friend died of cardiac arrest because an ambulance arrived too late, concentrated his final project at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands on an "ambulance drone" that could carry emergency supplies quickly to those in need.

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)(1)

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)(2)• The Federal Aviation Act of 1958 created the Federal Aviation Administration

• Responsible for all civilian aviation

• Regulating civil aviation to promote safety

• Encourage private sector to develop new aviation and civil aeronautical technologies

• Regulating commercial space transportation

• Operate all air traffic control and navigation systems for civil and military aircrafts

• Research and development of National Airspace Systems and civil aeronautics

• Development and carrying out aircraft noise control program

• Environmental effects of civil aviation

UAV/Drone Use By the U.S.• Military Operations of Surveillance and Attack Enemy Targets

• DOD and FAA UAV/Drone Development and Research

• FAA’s six selected UAV/Drone Research Sites

• U.S. Movie Industry using UAV/Drones for Commercial Ventures

• Hobbyist Model Aircraft/ UAV/Drone Used Status

• Cannot be Used For Profit

• Cannot be Used for 501c Non-Profits Search and Rescue Organizations

FAA on UAV’s (Drones)

• There are no current FAA regulations for the use commercial use of UAV/Drones

• U.S. Congress has charged the FAA to develop new regulations and laws for this new up and coming industry

• Drones cannot be used for commercial paid purpose

• Only allowable use of UAV/Drones is under the hobbies status

• Six research centers has been authorized for UAV/Drone Flight and Development (Texas A&M University at Corpus Christi is one of those sites

• FAA has refuses to give except regulations to Search and Rescue organizations like Texas Equu-Search to find lost individuals

• FAA gave Certificates of exception to four of the six major movie film producers to allow the use of UAV/Drones in making movies for profits

Safety Inspections And Security

IH-35 Bridge Collapse In MN.UAV’s can get to where Helicopters cannot

Increase Structural InspectionsIncrease Security Patrols

RC Aircraft/ UAV/Drone Operations Limits

According to the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 as (1) the aircraft is flown strictly for hobby or recreational use; (2) the aircraft is operated in accordance with a community-based set of safety guidelines and within the programming of a nationwide community-based organization; (3) the aircraft is limited to not more than 55 pounds unless otherwise certified through a design, construction, inspection, flight test, and operational safety program administered by a community-based organization; (4) the aircraft is operated in a manner that does not interfere with and gives way to any manned aircraft; (5) when flown within 5 miles of an airport, the operator of the aircraft provides the airport operator and the airport air traffic control tower…with prior notice of the operation; and (6) the aircraft is flown within visual line sight of the operator.

FAA.gov

Flying RC Model Aircrafts/ UAV/ Drones (1)

• Avoid doing anything hazardous to other airplanes or people and property on the ground.

• "Dos"• Do fly a model aircraft/UAS at the local model aircraft club• Do take lessons and learn to fly safely• Do contact the airport or control tower when flying within 5 miles of the

airport• Do fly a model aircraft for personal enjoyment

FAA.gov

Flying RC Model Aircrafts/ UAV/ Drones (2)

• Avoid doing anything hazardous to other airplanes or people and property on the ground.

• "Don'ts"• Don't fly near manned aircraft• Don't fly beyond line of sight of the operator• Don't fly an aircraft weighing more than 55 lbs unless it's certified by an

aeromodeling community-based organization• Don't fly contrary to your aero-modeling community-based safety

guidelines• Don’t fly above 400 foot ceiling• Don't fly model aircraft for payment or commercial purposes•

FAA.gov

Ethics in the Use of UAV’s (Drones)

• Development of ethics in the use of UAV/Drone operation

• Justification of using UAV/Drones

• Using UAV/Drones for legal activities

• Using UAV/Drones for Illegal activities

• How society views the use of UAV/Drones

• How the U.S. Congress will deal with this technology

• How the U.S. Judicial System will view and interpret the use of UAV/Drones

Privacy Issues in the use of UAV’s (Drones)

• American Civil Liberties Union has question the use of drones by police

• Invasion of privacy

• Surveillance without warrants

• Turning into a surveillance state

• No current policies, documentation procedures, or laws to protect citizens invasion of privacy by government

• No oversight of UAV/Drone activities

Administrative Agency UAV’s (Drones) Policy• The specifications of the UAV/Drones to be used and Training for each Type

• The purpose for the use of the UAV/Drones

• Have a Pre-Flight Safety Checklist, Take-Off Zones Landing Zones, and obtain Weather Reports

• Policies guiding the use of UAV/Drones

• Operational procedures or Standard Operating Procedures

• Safety Procedures and Emergency Procedures

• Safe Zone Procedures

• Documentation of UAV/Drone Activities

• Have Counsel Review all Policies

• Maintain a Flight Log

• Apply for a FAA Certification of Special Operation

Resource List Of Some UAV’s (Drones) CentersUnmanned Vehicle University, 1 E Washington St., Suite 500, Phoenix, Arizona 85004 Telephone: 602-759-7372, Fax: 602-532-7672http://www.uxvuniversity.com/uav-pilot-training-certificate/

Kansas State UniversitySalina, 2310 Centennial Road, Salina, Kansas 67401-8196Toll Free 1-800-248-5782http://www.salina.k-state.edu/

University of North Dakota/ UND Aerospace, 701-777-4934http://aviation.und.edu/

New Drone Technologies Coming

• The new wearable Nixie wristband drone for selfie photos

• Fish drone being developed by DOD contractors for surveillance and security to naval ships that can be used by the U.S. Navy

• Bird type drones that look like birds that can help police conduct criminal surveillance activities

• Micro-mini drones that are being tested by the U.S. Army and have been used by the British Military in the Middle East

• Insect drones that can be used for surveillance and cannot be detected

• Small ground rover drones that can be used by police officer to search out suspects inside buildings

The NixieWearable Wrist Drone -A New Way For Selfie Photos

“Thought it's still being developed, Christoph Kohstall, a doctoral candidate at Stanford University, hopes that Nixie will be the next big thing in selfies. And the $500,000 it just won from Intel may help it along.The Nixie is a tiny, wearable drone with built-in camera and foldable bands that attach it to your wrist. The plan: With a simple gesture, Nixie flies off your arm, snaps your photo from the air, and returns — boomerang style — to your wris”.

http://www.businessinsider.com/nixie-wearable-drone-wins-intel-contest-2014-11

Conclusion

At times inventions are used for the purpose of war against the enemies of a nation, no matter if we can justify or not justify the response. The evolution of drones at first concept as a toy, a toy that is now a weapon that can kill. We can see that drones can be used domestically to help first responders, emergency management and search and rescue teams. Using drones for a peaceful purpose is a step in the right direction in helping humanity.

Anthony Joseph Hernandez, B.S., A.A.S.

References

• DOD.gov• FAA.gov• www.uav-drone.net/• http://drones.procon.org/• Ardrone2.parrot.com/gallery/drone/• DJIPhantom.com• http://www.ruraljournalism.org/• Futuristspeaker.com• http://www.businessinsider.com/nixie-wearable-drone-wins-intel-contest-2014-11• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-35W_Mississippi_River_bridge• https://www.google.com/search?q=landmark• Amusingearth.com• http://www.pyrouniverse.com/history.htm