3d printing for fun and science
DESCRIPTION
Presentation by Matt Bernhardt for the Program on Information Science brown bag series.TRANSCRIPT
3d Printing for fun and science? 1MIT, January IAP 2014
3d Printing for fun and science?
A conversation about digital fabrication, the library, and you
3d Printing for fun and science? 3
About Matt
• Currently Web Developer, MIT Libraries
• Six years as Digital Fabrication Coordinator, Knowlton School of Architecture (Ohio State)
• Master of Architecture
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Goals
• Introduce the Digital-Physical Cycle• Survey the range of fabrication technologies
now available– and some emerging processes
• Case study• Existing resources• Use in research universities
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DIGITAL-PHYSICAL CYCLE
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DigitizationFabrication
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Digitization• Contact• Non-Contact
Fabrication
Production of physical objects from digital model(s)
Range of scales, materials, shapes, timeframes, budgets, and other considerations.
Three broad categories• Subtractive• Deformative• Additive
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QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER
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How Big?
ShopBot Desktophttp://www.flickr.com/photos/jabella/5024291593/
EEW Protec’s HSM-Modalhttp://www.eew-protec.de/110.0.html?&L=1
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How Big?
Flight Assembled Architecture, Gramazio + Kohler and Raffaello D’Andreahttp://www.gramaziokohler.com/web/e/projekte/209.html
Hearing aids, Widexhttp://disruptiveinnovation.se/?p=343MIT, January IAP 2014
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What Material?
Nylon produced by selective laser sinteringContinuum Fashion, n12 bikini
Epoxied bricks laid by robotic armGramazio + Kohler, R-O-B
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What Shape?
Cake decorations cut from flat fondant sheetsCricut
Doubly curved, complex surfacesJF Brandon, D-Shape
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What Source Data?
New Orleans, LouisianaProduced from GIS shapefiles3D Systems
Pen plotterProduced from 2D drawingSizzix
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What Other Properties?
Rubberized / pliable materialszPrinter, 3D Systems
Full color outputzPrinter, 3D Systems
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SURVEY OF PROCESSES
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Subtractive
• Variety of materials• Variety of scales• Most traditional
processes
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Subtractive
• Milling and Routing• Turning and Lathing• Shaping• Grinding• Water Jet Machining• Laser Cutting• Electrical Discharge
Machining• Plasma Cutting• Hot Wire Cutting
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2.5 axes
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3 axes
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5 axes
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More axes
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Deformative
• Primary or secondary process
• Sheet or rod stock• Thermoplastics or steel
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Deformative
• Pressworking• Stretch Forming• Incremental Sheet
Forming• Laser Bending• Drawing• Casting• Injection Molding• Thermoforming
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Deformative
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Additive
• Generally plastic, but other materials coming
• Stratigraphic assembly*• Slower than other
processes• Rapidly developing
industry
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Additive
• Stereolithography• Fused Deposition Modeling• 3D Printing• Selective Laser Sintering• Direct Metal Printing• Laminated Object
Manufacturing• Polyjet• Contour Crafting• Anti-Gravity Object
Modeling
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Stereolithography
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Stereolithography
• 1986• Laser and liquid
photopolymer• First RP process to
market• 3D Systems
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Stereolithography
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Fused Deposition Modeling
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Fused Deposition Modeling
• 1990• Hot glue gun• Core patents have
expired• Stratasys, but now
many others (MakerBot, RepRap, Cube)
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Fused Deposition Modeling
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3D Printing
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3D Printing
• ~1995• Water at plaster• Developed at MIT• zCorp (now 3D Systems)
among other licensees
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3D Printing
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Selective Laser Sintering
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Digitization
Fabrication• Subtractive• Deformative• Additive
Capturing physical properties into digital model(s)
Range of scales, constraints, timeframes, and other considerations.
Two broad categories• Contact• Non-Contact
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Contact Scanning
Tyrannosaurus Rex hip bone, part of “Rex, Sit.”Kent A. Stevens, University of Oregonhttp://ix.cs.uoregon.edu/~kent/paleontology/Tyrannosaurus/RexSit.html
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Contact Scanning
• Like a 3d mouse• Requires physical
contact• Geometry only – no
colors• Slow and tedious
process• Relatively small scale
targets
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Non-Contact Scanning
Reclining Figure, sculpture by Henry MoorePhotographed by Matt Bernhardt, model assembled with 123D Catch
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Non-Contact Scanning
Evelyn Grace Academy, London – Zaha Hadid, ArchitectsScanned by ScanLab for BBChttp://www.scanlabprojects.co.uk/projects/stirling-prize-winner-2011-zaha-hadids-evelyn-grace-academy.htmlMIT, January IAP 2014
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Non-Contact Scanning
• Requires line of sight• Can capture colors• Thousands of data
points very quickly• Large scale scans• Can work from digital
photographs
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EMERGING PLATFORMS
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Art - 3Doodler
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Mataerial
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Architecture – Contour Crafting
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Architecture – Contour Crafting
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Architecture - D-Shape
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Architecture - D-Shape
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Prosthetics
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CASE STUDY
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“Bather” by Jacques Lipchitz
• 1923-25• Bronze• 76” x 29.5” x 28” • Located in Hayden
Library courtyard• Gift of Yulla Lipchitz in
Honor of Paul and Ruth Tishman
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Digitizing
33 photographsJPG format3456px by 2592px
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Digitizing
Uploaded to 123D Catch app from AutodeskSaved to OBJ 3d interchange formatMIT, January IAP 2014
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Fabricating
Load OBJ file into MakerWareSaved as X3D instructionsMIT, January IAP 2014
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Fabricating
As printed with MakerBot Replicator 2
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WHERE DO I GO NEXT?
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Where To Find These Tools?• Local Businesses / Communities
– Danger: Awesome– Artisans Asylum
• Service Bureaus– Shapeways– Ponoko– APP Proto– Laser Reproductions– RedEye RPM
• Around MIT– Selected Departments (Architecture, Media Lab, etc)– MIT Hobby Shop– MIT Libraries
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Local Businesses
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Local Businesses
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Service Bureaus
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Service Bureaus
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Service Bureaus
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Service Bureaus
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Service Bureaus
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Many MIT Resources Are Restricted
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SPECIAL OFFER
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Attending this class entitles you to…
One Free Use of the MakerBot & Scanner!
Courtesy of The MIT Library Program on Information Research
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Questions?
Resources, Getting Startedhttp://libguides.mit.edu/make
Expert Consultations, AppointmentsMatt [email protected]
Research CollaborationProgram on Information [email protected]://informatics.mit.edu
MIT, January IAP 2014