3bhatt synchrophasor presentation to ercot 012610

7/31/2019 3Bhatt Synchrophasor Presentation to ERCOT 012610

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Application of

Synchrophasor Technology ToCREZ System

CREZ Technical Conference

January 26, 2010

Navin Bhatt

American Electric Power


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Outline

1.Synchrophasor Technology

2.Potential Applications

3.Applications to Consider for

CREZ System


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1. Synchrophasor Technology

Phasor: An electrical quantity with magnitude

and phase (angle) Synchrophasors: Time-synchronized phasors


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Phasor Representation

Courtesy: CERTS/EPG


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5Courtesy: Eastern Interconnection Phasor Project (EIPP)

Synchrophasor Infrastructure


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SCADA Data Vs. Synchrophasors

SCADA Conventional Situational AwarenessTechnology

Advantages of Synchrophasor Technology Direct measurement (as opposed to calculated values using

model-based SE solutions from SCADA data)

8/14/03 Blackout: AEP SE could not converge; PMU

data kept coming Time-stamped data, accurate within tens of micro-seconds

of UTC

High resolution (10-60 samples per second)


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Technology Promise

Synchrophasor Technology Can provide situational awareness on a

sub-second basis over wide area

Instantaneous measure of power systemstress between wide area locations Instantaneous measure of power system

dynamics at given location

MRI of power system vs. X-Ray by SCADAtechnology

PMU data well suited to activate automatedcontrols


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AEP Synchrophasor Project

AEP/Texas

AEP is taking a leading role in DOE/ERCOT efforts to installsynchrophasors in ERCOT

AEP was the first utility in ERCOT

to install PMUs

Provide real-time data feed to ERCOT

Work in progress to display modal analysis results in

AEP Transmission Operations

AEP/East

Synchrophasor infrastructure includes 25 PMUs


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2. Potential Applications

Industry Challenge: Research, Develop andDeploy Applications

Develop Practical Data Tools for Operators

Do NOT need more PMU data

Need Actionable Information


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2. Potential Applications

Industry Resources

Opportunities to Learn & Get Involved

North American Synchrophasor Initiative (NASPI)

(www.naspi.org)

NERC Real-Time Application of PMUs to ImproveReliability (RAPIR) Task Force

IEEE


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NASPI


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NASPI


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IEEE


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3. Applications for CREZ System

Large Penetration of Wind Generation

Opportunity

To provide leadership in the DOE 20% by 2030 vision

To show it can be done!

Challenges

Lower overall system inertia

Altered frequency response

Altered small signal stability performance

Energy balance requirements due to generation variability.

Can we take advantage of synchrophasortechnology?


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Using PMUs for Renewable

Resource Integration

Wind Farm connected to AEPs Ajo Station

PMU data from AEP stations (including Ajo)in ERCOT Control Center

The Last Mile is bringing the PMU data into the Control Center

for Wide Area Monitoring and Control


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Potential Applications to Consider

Visualization

Small Signal Stability Performance

Model Validation

Voltage Stability Performance Advanced Automated Controls

..


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Visualization

RTDMS already deployed at ERCOT

PMU Data Display: Added Value?

Information (Requires R&D)

Acceptable ranges of quantities displayed

Alarms

Corrective actions to take


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Small Signal Stability Performance

Modal Analysis (Dominant Frequencies & AssociatedDamping)

Off-Line Analysis

Listen to what the system is telling you

Detect Trends: Daily, Seasonal, Long Term

Correlate with Levels of Wind Generation

Real Time Analysis

Detect damping problems

Tools already available

Take corrective actions

Will require R&D


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Validation of Dynamic Models

Need high resolution data (e.g. PMU data)

Calibrate & fine-tune simulation models bycomparing simulation results with synchrophasordata

WECC Model Validation WG efforts

Opportunity to use data from PMUs at windgeneration collection point (transmission buses) tovalidate wind generation and other dynamicmodels


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Voltage Stability Performance

Especially of benefit for a scenario involving fastvoltage collapse

PMU data can be used to monitor performance inreal time through a nomogram developed from off-line simulation studies

Tools being developed to calculate margin in realtime (e.g. EPRI Measurement-Based Real TimeVoltage Stability Monitoring)

An extension of the classic power transfer equation:P12 =V1*V2*Sin 12/X12


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Advanced Automated Controls

Grid operated with margin for anticipated contingencies

Bodes well to maintain reliable bulk power system

Introduces inefficiencies

Can we rely on real time corrective controls under selectedoperating scenarios, instead?

Todays controls too myopic

Designed to address local abnormalities

Centralized coordinated controls are rare

PMU Data

High resolution & instantaneous

Could be used to develop coordinated, centralized wide areacontrols


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Summary

Synchrophasor technology is promising.

Killer apps are still in works.

R&D is needed

Demonstration to adopt / adapt an application isnecessary (e.g. visualization with meaningful alarms)

We must work together to apply the technology to CREZsystem

Will require R&D + Cooperation with NASPI, NERC, et al

Our efforts will pay off.


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Questions


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Extra Slides


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1.Measurement Layer Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)

Measures voltage & current waveformsat high sampling rates

Calculates voltage & current phasors,

frequency and line flows

Installed at substations


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2. Data Collection Layer Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC)

A hardware/software devicePerforms precise time alignment ofdata from multiple PMUs

Usually centrally locatedArchives PMU data (optional)

Processes and displays PMU data

(optional)


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3. Application Layer

Local (Substation) Applications

Centralized (EMS) Applications

Off-Line (Planning) Applications

3bhatt synchrophasor presentation to ercot 012610

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