3.4 C

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COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS WERE INFLUENCED BY POLITICAL CHANGES IN ENGLAND.

Colonial governorsWere assisted by advisory councils People selected the governor and council in proprietary coloniesKing selected governor and council in royal colonies

WAIT!! Which colonies were royal colonies?• Virginia• New York• New Jersey• Massachusetts• New Hampshire• North Carolina• South Carolina

COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS WERE INFLUENCED BY POLITICAL CHANGES IN ENGLAND.• Elected representatives (like members

of Parliament in England)• Made laws• Set policy• Served on assemblies• Passed laws after they have been approved by governor

COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS WERE INFLUENCED BY POLITICAL CHANGES IN ENGLAND.Virginia created the first colonial

legislature in the year 1619.

Virginia legislature was a single body that was later split into two houses

One house

One group of people makes the laws

Two house

2 groups of people makes the laws Ex: House of representatives

Ex: Senate

COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS WERE INFLUENCED BY POLITICAL CHANGES IN ENGLAND.Center of politics in New England was

the town meeting, which was a regular gathering of townspeople to discuss local issues (like paying for schools)• Southern colonies: too far apart less town meetings, more county meetings

• Middle colonies: town and county meetings

• New England colonies: town meetings regular

COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS WERE INFLUENCED BY POLITICAL CHANGES IN ENGLAND.• King James II comes to power in 1686

• He believed he should control all of English government

• In 1686, he created Dominion of New England with Sir Edmund Andros as governor

• Colonists = angry

I control all!

COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS WERE INFLUENCED BY POLITICAL CHANGES IN ENGLAND.Parliament replaced King James II and

passed English Bill of Rights, which reduced the powers of the monarch.

How did the Bill of Rights change government?

• Colonists valued their right to decide on local issues.

COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS WERE INFLUENCED BY POLITICAL CHANGES IN ENGLAND.Courts

• Used for controlling local affairs

• Reflected beliefs of local communities

• Protected individual freedoms

ENGLISH TRADE LAWS LIMITED FREE TRADE IN THE COLONIES.Why did England want to have control of

American colonies?

• Mercantilism: system of carefully controlled trade to create and maintain wealth

ENGLISH TRADE LAWS LIMITED FREE TRADE IN THE COLONIES.

NAVIGATION ACTS (1650-1696)• Why? To make more money for England (at

colonists’ expense)• Colonists couldn’t trade sugar or cotton with any other country (only England)

King William

Colonist

I need to buy

cotton to make my

dress

Sure, but you can

only buy it from me and I am going to charge

more than everyone

else!

ENGLISH TRADE LAWS LIMITED FREE TRADE IN THE COLONIES.

NAVIGATION ACTS (1650-1696)England

• liked these acts they made money

• Claimed it was good for colonists to have steady market for goods

Colonists

• did NOT like acts unfair

• Wanted to trade with whomever because they could get the best price

RESULT = Smuggling (colonists traded illegally)

ENGLISH TRADE LAWS LIMITED FREE TRADE IN THE COLONIES.Triangular Trade: System in which goods

and slaves were traded between Africa, Britain, and Americas

ENGLISH TRADE LAWS LIMITED FREE TRADE IN THE COLONIES.Americans trade sugar (molasses) for

people (slaves)

Middle Passage:

Journey from Africa to Americas (up to 3 months)

Conditions = BRUTAL• Lived in small spaces• Slaves died of

disease• Hot• Contaminated food

and water• Slaves only allowed

above deck for an hour per day

• Many of them were chained on their backs for 23 hours per day

THE GREAT AWAKENING AND ENLIGHTENMENT LED TO IDEAS OF POLITICAL EQUALITY AMONG MANY COLONISTS.

Great Awakening: religious movement that swept through colonies in 1730s-1740s

Jonathan Edwards

• Massachusetts

• Seek forgiveness for your sins or face punishment in hell forever.

George Whitefield

• Held revivals from Georgia to New England

Why did people listen? Ideas from other colonies, talking about issues that affected many people

People changed got more involved with political and social issues

THE GREAT AWAKENING AND ENLIGHTENMENT LED TO IDEAS OF POLITICAL EQUALITY AMONG MANY COLONISTS.

Enlightenment: movement that spread the idea that logic and reason could improve society

• Social contract between government and citizens

• People have natural rights like equality and liberty (John Locke)

• Running government should be logical