34. calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy—leg 31, … · 34. calcareous nannofossil...
TRANSCRIPT
34. CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY—LEG 31, DSDP
C. Howard Ellis, Marathon Oil Company, Littleton, Colorado
INTRODUCTION
Leg 31 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project occupied 13sites and drilled 17 holes in the western Pacific regionfrom June to August 1973 (Figure 1). Thirteen holeswere drilled at nine sites in the Philippine Sea and fiveholes at four sites in the Sea of Japan. The lightmicroscope was used to examine 825 samples, and fromthese, 43 critical samples were selected for further studywith the scanning electron microscope. The samplesrange in age from middle or late Eocene to latePleistocene with continuous core coverage through thePleistocene, Pliocene, Miocene, and Oligocene.
NANNOFOSSIL ZONATION
The zonation used for nannofossil age determinationsthroughout this report is that proposed by Bukry(1973a, 1973b) for low latitudes (Figure 2). This schemewas found to apply to most of the assemblages observedin samples from the Philippine Sea. Samples from Sites294 and 295 in the northern portion of the West Philip-pine Basin could not be assigned to specific zonesbecause indigenous age-diagnostic nannofossils werenot recovered; only sparse reworked Eocene forms wereobserved. Three Pleistocene zones can be recognized inareas of higher latitude (Sea of Japan) where nan-nofossils were recovered. However, very few nannofossil
AGE
HOLOCENE
PLE
IS-
TOC
ENE
OLI
GO
CE
NE
MIO
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NE
PLI
OC
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ZONE SUBZONE
Emiliania huxleyi
Gephyrocapsa oceanica
Gephyrocapsa doronicoides
Dlscoaster brouweri
Reticulofenestra pεeudoumbilica
Cáratolithus tricorniculatus
Discoaster quinqueramus
Discoaster neohamatuε
Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica
Emiliania annula
Cyclococcolithina macintyrei
Diεcoaεter pentaradiatuε
Diεcoaεter tamalis
Discoaεter asymmetricus
Sphenolithus neoabieε
Ceratolithuε rugosuε
Ceratolithuε acutus
Triquetrorhabdulus rugosuε
Ceratolithus primus
Discoaster berggrenii
Discoaεter neorectus
Diεcoaster belluε
Discoaster hamatus
Catinaster coalitus
Discoaster exilisDiεcoaster kugleri
Coccolithuε miopelagicαs
Sphenolithus heteroπorphus
Helicopontosphaera ampliaperta
Sphenolithus belemnos
Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus
Diεcoaεter druggii
Discoaεter deflandrei
Cyclicargolithuε abisectuε
Sphenolithus ciperoensis
Sphenolithuε diεtentuε
Sphenolithus prediεtentuε
Reticulofenestra hillae
Coccolithus εubdistichus
Discoaεter barbadienεis
Reticαlofenestra umbilicaDiscoaster saipanensis
Diεcoaster bifax
Figure 1. Location of sites cored in the Philippine Sea andthe Sea of Japan during DSDP Leg 31.
Figure 2. Calcareous nannofossil zonation scheme used forLeg 31.
assemblages older than early Pleistocene were observedin these samples because of cold-water influence andadverse depositional conditions.
An attempt has been made to compare the zonationscheme used in this report with that of Martini (1971).In Figure 3 these zonations have been placed in aradiometric age framework compiled from Berggren(1972) and Berggren and Van Couvering (1973).
BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
The nannofossil zones represented in the core samplesrecovered from the Philippine Sea are listed in Table 1,and those from the Sea of Japan are listed in Table 2.Nearly complete zonal coverage is present in samplesfrom Site 292 which was continuously cored from theHolocene to the late Eocene. Site 296, anotherbiostratigraphic control hole, was cored continuouslyfrom the Holocene to the late Oligocene; the remainderof the hole was cored intermittently to the basal part ofthe late Oligocene or upper part of the early Oligocene.Virtually all of the zones described for the intervalpenetrated at Site 296 can be recognized.
Only fair nannofossil recovery was observed in theholes drilled in the Sea of Japan. Good Pleistocene zonalrepresentation was recognized in the biostratigraphiccontrol Site 299 and at Site 301. However, nannofossilrecovery from pre-Pleistocene intervals in all of the Seaof Japan holes was poor at best, or entirely lacking.
655
C. H. ELLIS
TIME
(m.y.)
-
10 —
15 —
2 0 —
-
-
25 —
30 —
35 —
_
4 0 —
-
AGE
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ZONATION(this paper)
, E. huxleyi ,G. oceanica
G. caribbeanica
C. macintyreiD. pentaradiatus
D. tamalisD. asyrmetricus
S. neoabJ.esC. rugosusC. arcus
T. rugosusC. primus
D. berggreni i
D. neorectus
D. bellus
D. hamatus
/ c coalitus ^' D. kugleri ~•
C. miopelagicusS. beteromorphus
H. ampliaperta
S. beleπmos
D. druggii
D. deflandrei
D. abisectus
S. ciperoensis
S. distentus
S. predistentus
R. hillae
C. formosa
C. εubdistichus
D. barbadiensis
D. saipanensiε
D. bifax
ZONATION(Martini, 1971)
_ N N 2 1 ~-
NN19
NN18
NNló
NN15NN14NN13
NN12
NN11
NN10
NN9
NN8NN7NN6
NN5
NN4
NN3
NN2
NN1
NP25
NP24
NP23
NP22
NP21
NP20
NPlβ
NP17
NP16
^ E. huxleyi r-~\ G. oceanica /~
P. lacunosa
D. brouweri
D. pentaradiatus
R. pseudoumbilica
D. asymmetricusC. rugosus
C. tricorniculatus
D. calcariε
D. hamatus
C. coalitusD. kugleriD. exilis
S. heteromorphus
H. ampliaperta
S. belemnos
D. druggii
T. carinatus
S. distentus
S. predistentus
H. reticulata
E. subdisticha
S. pseudoradianε
C. oamaruensis
D. saipanensis
D. tani nodifer
Figure 3. Comparison of calcareous nannofossil zonationschemes with radiometric time.
656
SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY
Twenty-six genera and 105 species were recognized during the studyof the core samples from the Leg 31 holes.
Bibliographic references of previously described species can befound in Loeblich and Tappan (1966, 1968, 1969, 1970a, 1970b, 1971,1973); Bukry (1973a); and Roth (1973). Frequent reference was madeto Bramlette and Wilcoxon (1967a, b), Roth (1970), and Roth et al.(1971) in the study of Oligocene and Miocene sphenoliths. Haq (1973)provided valuable information regarding the biostratigraphic oc-currences of helicopontosphaerids.
Genus ANGULOLITHINA Bukry, 1973
Angulolithina area Bukry
Angulolithina area Bukry, 1973a, p. 675, pi. 1, fig. 1-5.
Genus ASPIDORHABDUS Hay and Towe, 1962
Aspidorhabdus stylifer (Lohmann)
Rhabdosphaera stylifer Lohmann, 1902, p. 143, pi. 5, fig. 65.Aspidorhabdus stylifer (Lohmann). Boudreaux and Hay, 1969, p. 269,
pi. 5, fig. 11-15.
Genus BRAARUDOSPHAERA Deflandre, 1947
Braarudosphaera bigelowi (Gran and Braarud)
Pontosphaera bigelowi Gran and Braarud, 1935, p. 389, fig. 67.Braarudosphaera bigelowi (Gran and Braarud). Deflandre, 1947, p.
439, fig. 1-5.
Braarudosphaera discula Bramlette and Riedel
Braarudosphaera discula Bramlette and Riedel, 1954, p. 394, pi. 38,fig. 7.
Genus BRAMLETTEIUS Gartner, 1969
Bramletteius serraculoides Gartner
Bramletteius serraculoides Gartner, 1969a, p. 31, pi. 1, fig. 1-3.
Genus CATINASTER Martini and Bramlette, 1963
Catinaster coalitus Martini and Bramlette
Catinaster coalitus Martini and Bramlette, 1963, p. 851, pi. 103, fig. 7-10.
Genus CERATOLITHUS Kamptner, 1950
Ceratolithus cristatus Kamptner
Ceratolithus cristatus Kamptner, 1954, p. 43, fig. 44, 45.
Ceratolithus primus Bukry and Percival
Ceratolithus primus Bukry and Percival, 1971, p. 126, pi. 1, fig. 12-14.Bukry, 1973a, p. 676, pi. 1, fig. 11.
Ceratolithus rugosus Bukry and Bramlette
Ceratolithus rugosus Bukry and Bramlette, 1968, p. 152, pi. 1, fig. 5-9.Ceratolithus tricorniculatus GartnerCeratolithus tricorniculatus Gartner, 1967, p. 5, pi. 10, fig. 4-6. Bukry,
1973a, p. 676.
Genus COCCOLITHUS Schwarz, 1894
Coccolithus eopelagicus (Bramlette and Riedel)
Tremalitus eopelagicus Bramlette and Riedel, 1954, p. 392, pi. 38, fig.2a, b.
Coccolithus eopelagicus (Bramlette and Riedel). Bramlette andSullivan, 1961, p. 141. Roth, 1973, p. 730, pi. 8, fig. 2,4; pi. 9, fig. 3,4, 6; pi. 10, fig. 4; pi. 11, fig. 3.
Coccolithus miopelagicus Bukry
Coccolithus miopelagicus Bukry, 1971a, p. 310, pi. 2, fig. 6-9.
Coccolithus pelagicus (Wallich)
Coccosphaera pelagica Wallich, 1877, p. 348, pi. 17, fig. 1, 2, 5, 11, 12.Coccolithus pelagicus (Wallich). Schiller, 1930, p. 246, fig. 123, 124.
TABLE 1Geologic and Zonal Age of Leg 31 Cores from the Philippine Sea
SERIES ORSUBSERIES
HOLOCENE
PLEISTOCENE
UPPER
PLIOCENE
LOWERPLIOCENE
UPPER
MIOCENE
MIDDLE
MIOCENE
LOWER
MIOCENE
OLIGOCENE
UPPER EOCENE
MIDDLE
EOCENE
ZONE OR SUBZONE
Emiliania huxleyi•
Gephyrocapsa oceanica
Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica
Emiliania annula
Cyclococcolithina macintyreiDiscoaster pentaradiatusDiscoaster tamalis
Discoaster asymmetricus
Sphenolithus neoabies
Ceratolithus rugosus
Ceratolithus acutus
Triquetrorhabdulus rugosusCeratolithus primus
Discoaster berggrenii
Discoaster neorectusDiscoaster bellusDiscoaster hamatusCatinaster coalitusDiscoaster kugleri
Coccolithus miopelagicus
Sphenolithus heteroπrorphus
Helicopontosphaera ampliapertaSphenolithus belemnosDiscoaster druggii
Discoaster deflandreiCyclicargolithus abisectus
Sphenolithus ciperoensisSphenolithus distentus
Sphenolithus predistentus
Reticulofenestra hillae
Cyclococcolithina formosaCoccolithus subdistichus
Discoaster barbadiensis
Discoaster saipanensisDiscoaster bifax
DSDP HOLES
2 9 0
1
3-1/5-1
5-3/6cc
7-1/8-5
290A
1/2
291
1
2/3-1
3-l/4cc
5?
291A
1/3
292
1-1/1-2l-3/2cc
3 - 1
3-2/3-3
3-4/4-4
4-5/5-15 - 2
5-3/5cc
6-1/6-2
6 - 3
6-4/8cc
9-l/9cc10-1
10-2/lOcc
11-1/11-5
11-6/12-5
12cc/13-513-6/14-214-3/16cc17-1/18-1
18-3/25-1
25cc/32-l32cc/34-2
34 cc?
35-1/36-1
36-2/39cc
293
1 cc?
8-2/9cc
294
ou_
Z
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y
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O
O
Z<
z
295
α
zoI Λ
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ooz.<z
2 9 6
1-1/3-13-3/5-2
5-4/7-2
7-4/7cc
8-1/8-38-4/10-410-5/llcc
12-1/15-415cc/16-l16-2/17cc
18-1/19-4
19-5/22-6
22cc/23-2
23-3/24cc25-1/25-425cc/27cc
28-l/28cc
29-1/31-331-4/32-332-4/33-133-2/33cc34-l/37cc
38-l/52cc
2 9 7
lcc/5-6
5cc/ll-3
11-4
11 cc
27
298
lcc/4-14cc/7-l
7cc/16cc
298A
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C. H. ELLIS
TABLE 2Geologic and Zonal Age of Leg 31 Cores from the Sea of Japan
SERIES ORSUBSERIES
HOLOCENE
PLEISTOCENE
UPPERPLIOCENE
LOWERPLIOCENE
UPPERMIOCENE
ZONE OR SUBZONE
Emiliania huxleyiGephyrocapsa oceanicaGephyrocapsa caribbeanicaEmiliania annulaCyclococcolithina macintyreiDiscoaster pentaradiatusDiscoaster tamalisDiscoaster asymmetricusSphenolithus neoabiesCeratolithus rugosusCeratolithus acutusTriquetrorhabdulus rugosusCeratolithus primusDiscoaster berggreniiDiscoaster neorectusDiscoaster bellus
DSDP HOLES2991/8
9/15-215-4/30cc
38-6?
3001/2
3012-3/2-5
2 cc4
6?
302
1/3
10/17?
Genus CORONOCYCLUS Hay, Mohler, and Wade, 1966
Coronocyclus serratus Hay, Mohler, and Wade
Coronocyclus serratus Hay, Mohler, and Wade, 1966, p. 394, pi. 11,fig. 1-5.
Genus CYCLICARGOLITHUS Bukry, 1971
Cyclicargolithus abisectus (Müller)
Coccolithus? abisectus Midler, 1970, p. 92, pi. 9, fig. 9,10; pi. 12, fig. 1.Cyclicargolithus abisectus (Müller). Bukry, 1973b, p. 703.Reticulofenestra abisecta (Müller). Roth, 1973, p. 731, pi. 6, fig. 5; pi.
7, fig. 2.Cyclicargolithus floridanus (Roth and Hay)
Coccolithus floridanus Roth and Hay, in Hay, Mohler, Roth, Schmidt,and Boudreaux, 1967, p. 445, pi. 6, fig. 1-4.
Cyclococcolithus neogammation Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 1967a, p.104, pi. 3, fig. 1-3; pi. 4, fig. 3-5.
Cyclicargolithus floridanus (Roth and Hay). Bukry, 1971a, p. 312-313.
Genus CYCLOCOCCOLITHINA Wilcoxon, 1970
Cyclococcolithina formosa (Kamptner)
Cyclococcolithus formosus Kamptner, 1963, p. 163, pi. 2, fig. 8.Coccolithus lusitanicus Black, 1964, p. 308, pi. 50, fig. 1, 2.Cyclococcolithina formosa (Kamptner). Wilcoxon, 1970, p. 82.
Cyclococcolithina leptopora (Murray and Blackman)
Coccosphaera leptopora Murray and Blackman, 1898, p. 430, pi. 15,fig. 1-7.
Cyclococcolithus leptopora (Murray and Blackman). Boudreaux andHay, 1969, p. 263, 264, pi. 2, fig. 13, 14; pi. 3, fig. 1-6.
Cyclococcolithus macintyrei Bukry and Bramlette, 1969, p. 132, pi. 1,fig. 1-3.
Cyclococcolithina leptopora (Murray and Blackman). Wilcoxon, 1970,p. 82. Ellis, Lohman, and Wray, 1972, p. 15-17, pi. 1, fig. 2-6; text-fig. 5.
Remarks: The species Cyclococcolithina macintyrei was notdifferentiated from C. leptopora as discussed by Ellis, Lohman, andWray (1972). However, in their discussion of the two species, samplesfrom the Pliocene and late Miocene intervals were used to provide thestatistical data. Subsequent studies have shown that C. macintyrei andC. leptopora have somewhat different stratigraphic ranges, so recogni-tion of the two species may be perfectly valid in the early Miocene andthe early Pleistocene. Except for end members of the two species, theyare still very difficult to separate in the late Miocene and Pliocene.
Genus DICTYOCOCCITES Black, 1967
Dictyococcites bisectus (Hay, Mohler, and Wade)
Syracosphaera bisecta Hay, Mohler, and Wade, 1966, p. 393, pi. 10,fig. 1-6.
Coccolithus bisectus (Hay, Mohler, and Wade). Bramlette and Wil-coxon, 1967a, p. 102, pi. 4, fig. 11-13.
Dictyococcites bisectus (Hay, Mohler, and Wade). Bukry and Percival,1971, p. 127, pi. 2, fig. 12, 13.
Reticulofenestra bisecta (Hay, Mohler, and Wade). Roth, 1973, p. 732,pi. 4, fig. 1; pi. 7, fig. 4, 5; pi. 9, fig. 1, 2; pi. 10, fig. 2.
Dictyococcites scrippsae Bukry and Percival
Dictyococcites scrippsae Bukry and Percival, 1971, p. 128, pi. 2, fig. 7,8.
Genus DISCOASTER Tan Sin Hok, 1927
Discoaster aster Bramlette and Riedel
Discoaster aster Bramlette and Riedel, 1954, p. 400, pi. 39, fig. 7.
Discoaster asymmetricus Gartner
Discoaster asymmetricus Gartner, 1969b, p. 598, pi. 1, fig. 1-3.
Discoaster aulakos Gartner
Discoaster aulakos Gartner, 1967, p. 2, pi. 4, fig. 4, 5.
Discoaster barbadiensis Tan Sin Hok
Discoaster barbadiensis Tan Sin Hok, 1927, p. 119. Bramlette andRiedel, 1954, p. 398, pi. 39, fig. 5.
Discoaster bellus Bukry and Percival
Discoaster bellus Bukry and Percival, 1971, p. 128, pi. 3, fig. 1, 2.
Discoaster berggrenii Bukry
Discoaster berggrenii Bukry, 1971b, p. 45, pi. 2, fig. 4-6.
Discoaster binodosus Martini
Discoaster binodosus Martini, 1958, p. 361, pi. 4, fig. 18b. Hay andMohler, 1967, p. 1538.
Discoaster blackstockae Bukry
Discoaster blackstockae Bukry, 1973c, p. 307, pi. 1, fig. 1-4.
658
CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
Discoaster bollii Martini and Bramlette
Discoaster bollii Martini and Bramlette, 1963, p. 851, pi. 105, fig. 1-4,7.
Discoaster braarudii Bukry
Discoaster braarudii Bukry, 1971b, p. 45, pi. 2, fig. 10.
Discoaster brouweri Tan Sin Hok
Discoaster brouweri Tan Sin Hok, 1927, p. 120, fig. 8a-b. Bramletteand Riedel, 1954, p. 402, pi. 39, fig. 12; text-fig. 3a-b.
Discoaster brouweri rutellus Gartner
Discoaster brouweri rutellus Gar tner , 1967, p . 2, pi. 1, fig. 1 ,2 .
Discoaster calcaris Gartner
Discoaster calcaris Gartner, 1967, p. 2, pi. 2, fig. 1-3.
Discoaster challengeri Bramlette and Riedel
Discoaster challengeri Bramlette and Riedel, 1954, p. 401, pi. 39, fig.10.
Discoaster decorus (Bukry)
Discoaster variabilis decorus Bukry, 1971b, p. 48, pi. 3, fig. 5, 6.Discoaster decorus (Bukry). Bukry, 1973a, p. 677, pi. 2, fig. 8, 9; pi. 4,fig. 11.
Discoaster deflandrei Bramlette and Riedel
Discoaster deflandrei Bramlette and Riedel, 1954, p. 399, pi. 39, fig. 6;text-fig, la-c.
Discoaster druggii Bramlette and Wilcoxon
Discoaster druggii Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 1967a, p. 110, pi. 8, fig. 2-8. Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 1967b, p. 220.
Discoaster exilis, Martini and Bramlette
Discoaster exilis, Martini and Bramlette, 1963, p. 852, pi. 104, fig. 1-3.
Discoaster hamatus Martini and Bramlette
Discoaster hamatus Martini and Bramlette, 1963, p. 852, pi. 105, fig. 8,10, 11.
Discoaster intercalaris Bukry
Discoaster intercalaris Bukry, 1971a, p. 315, pi. 3, fig. 12; pi. 4, fig. 1, 2.
Discoaster kugleri Martini and Bramlette
Discoaster kugleri Martini and Bramlette, 1963, p. 853, pi. 102, fig. 11-13.
Discoaster loeblichii Bukry
Discoaster loeblichii Bukry, 1971a, p. 315-316, pi. 4, fig. 3-5.
Discoaster neohamatus Bukry and Bramlette
Discoaster neohamatus Bukry and Bramlette, 1969, p. 133, pi. 1, fig. 4-6.
Discoaster neorectus Bukry
Discoaster neorectus Bukry, 1971a, p. 316-318, pi. 4, fig 6, 7.
Discoaster nodifer (Bramlette and Riedel)
Discoaster tani nodifer Bramlette and Riedel, 1954, p. 397, pi. 38, fig. 2.Discoaster nodifer (Bramlette and Riedel). Bukry, 1973a, p. 678, pi. 4,
fig. 24.
Discoaster pentaradiatus Tan Sin Hok
Discoaster pentaradiatus Tan Sin Hok, 1927, p. 120, fig. 2.
Discoaster prepentaradiatus Bukry and Percival
Discoaster prepentaradiatus Bukry and Percival, 1971, p. 129, pi. 3, fig.6, 7.
Discoaster pseudovariabilis Martini and Worsley
Discoaster pseudovariabilis Martini and Worsley, 1971, p. 1500, pi. 3,fig. 2-8.
Discoaster quadramus Bukry
Discoaster quadramus Bukry, 1973c, p. 307, pi. 1, fig. 5, 6.
Discoaster quinqueramus Gartner
Discoaster quinqueramus Gartner, 1969b, p. 598, pi. 1, fig. 6, 7.Discoaster quintatus Bukry and Bramlette, 1969, p. 133, pi. 1, fig. 6-8.
Discoaster saipanensis Bramlette and Riedel
Discoaster saipanensis Bramlette and Riedel, 1954, p. 398, pi. 39, fig. 4.
Discoaster signus Bukry
Discoaster signus Bukry, 1971b, p. 48, pi. 3, fig. 3, 4.
Discoaster surculus Martini and Bramlette
Discoaster surculus Martini and Bramlette, 1963, p. 854, pi. 104, fig.10-12.
Discoaster tamalis Kamptner
Discoaster tamalis Kamptner, 1967, p. 166, pi. 24, fig. 131; text-fig. 28.
Discoaster tani Bramlette and Riedel
Discoaster tani Bramlette and Riedel, 1954, p. 397, pi. 39, fig. 1.
Discoaster toralus Ellis, Lohman, and Wray
Discoaster toralus Ellis, Lohman, and Wray, 1972, p. 53, pi. 16, fig. 2-6.
Discoaster triradiatus Tan Sin Hok
Discoaster triradiatus Tan Sin Hok, 1927, p. 417.
Discoaster variabilis Martini and Bramlette
Discoaster variabilis Martini and Bramlette, 1963, p. 854, pi. 104, fig.4-8.
Genus EMILIANIA Hay and Mohler, 1967
Emiliania annula (Cohen)
Coccolithites annulus Cohen, 1964, p. 237, pi. 3, fig. la-c.Pseudoemiliania lacunosa (Kamptner). Gartner, 1969b, p. 598, pi. 2,
fig. 9, 10.Emiliania annula (Cohen). Bukry, 1973a, p. 678.
Remarks: The genus and species Pseudoemiliania lacunosa havebeen judged invalid (Loeblich and Tappan, 1970b). Taxonomic assign-ment of these taxa in this report to Emiliania annula follows thesuggestion of Bukry (1973a, p. 678).
Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann)
Pontosphaera huxleyi Lohmann, 1902, p. 130, pi. 4, fig. 1-6; pi. 6, fig.69.
Coccolithus huxleyi (Lohmann). Kamptner, 1943, p. 44.Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann). Hay and Mohler, in Hay, Mohler,
Roth, Schmidt, and Boudreaux, 1967, p. 447, pi. 10, 11, fig. 1, 2.
Emiliania ovata Bukry
Emiliania ovata Bukry, 1973a, p. 678, pi. 2, fig. 10-12.
Genus GEPHYROCAPSA Kamptner, 1943
Gephyrocapsa aperta Kamptner
Gephyrocapsa aperta Kamptner, 1963, p. 173, pi. 6, fig. 32, 35.
659
C. H. ELLIS
Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica Boudreaux and Hay
Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica Boudreaux and Hay, in Hay, Mohler,Roth, Schmidt, and Boudreaux, 1967, p. 447, pi. 12, 13, fig. 1-4.
Gephyrocapsa doronicoides (Black and Barnes)
Coccolithus doronicoides Black and Barnes, 1961, p. 142, pi. 25, fig. 3.Gephyrocapsa doronicoides (Black and Barnes). Bukry, 1973a, p. 678.
Remarks: Although this species lacks a diagonal bar across the cen-tral area, it does possess the rim structure, form, and crystallographyof the genus Gephyrocapsa.
Gephyrocapsa oceanica Kamptner
Gephyrocapsa oceanica Kamptner, 1943, p. 43-49.
Genus HAYASTER Bukry, 1973
Hayaster perplexus (Bramlette and Riedel)
Discoaster perplexus Bramlette and Riedel, 1954, p. 400, pi. 39, fig. 9.Hayaster perplexus (Bramlette and Riedel). Bukry, 1973c, p. 308.
Remarks: This combination became apparent after the nannofossiloccurrence tables had been completed for this report; consequently,the original name for this taxon, Discoaster perplexus, appears in thetables.
Genus HELICOPONTOSPHAERA Hay and Mohler, 1967
Helicopontosphaera ampliaperta (Bramlette and Wilcoxon)
Helicosphaera ampliaperta Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 1967a, p. 105, pi.6, fig. 1-4.
Helicopontosphaera ampliaperta (Bramlette and Wilcoxon). Bukry,1970, p. 377.
Helicopontosphaera compacta (Bramlette and Wilcoxon)
Helicosphaera compacta Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 1967a, p. 105, fig. 5-8.
Helicopontosphaera compacta (Bramlette and Wilcoxon). Hay, 1970,p. 458.
Helicopontosphaera euphratis (Haq)
Helicosphaera euphratis Haq, 1966, p. 33, pi. 2, fig. 1, 3.Helicopontosphaera euphratis (Haq). Martini, 1969, p. 136.
Helicopontosphaera hyalina (Gaarder)
Helicosphaera hyalina Gaarder, 1970, p. 113-114, text-fig. 1-3.Helicopontosphaera hyalina (Gaarder). Haq, 1973, p. 37.
Helicopontosphaera intermedia (Martini)
Helicosphaera intermedia Martini, 1965, p. 404, pi. 35, figs. 1, 2.Helicopontosphaera intermedia (Martini). Hay and Mohler, in Hay,
Mohler, Roth, Schmidt, and Boudreaux, 1967, p. 448.
Helicopontosphaera kamptneri Hay and Mohler
Helicopontosphaera kamptneri Hay and Mohler, in Hay, Mohler,Roth, Schmidt, and Boudreaux, 1967, p. 448, pi. 10, 11, fig. 5.
Helicopontosphaera reticulata (Bramlette and Wilcoxon)
Helicosphaera reticulata Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 1967a, p. 106, pi. 6,fig. 15.
Helicopontosphaera reticulata (Bramlette and Wilcoxon). Roth, 1970,p. 863, pi. 10, fig. 5.
Helicopontosphaera sellii Bukry and Bramlette
Helicopontosphaera sellii Bukry and Bramlette, 1969, p. 134, pi. 2, fig.3-7.
Genus PONTOSPHAERA Lohmann, 1902
Pontosphaera multipora (Kamptner)
Discolithus multiporus Kamptner, 1948, p. 5, pi. 1, fig. 9.Discolithina multipora (Kamptner). Martini, 1965, p. 400.
Pontosphaera multipora (Kamptner). Roth, 1970, p. 860-861. Ellis,Lohmann, and Wray, 1972, p. 30, pi. 6, figs. 4-6; pi. 7, fig. 1, 2.
Genus RETICULOFENESTRA Hay, Mohler, and Wade, 1966
Reticulofenestra hillae Bukry and Percival
Reticulofenestra hillae Bukry and Percival, 1971, p. 136, pi. 6, fig. 1-3.
Reticulofenestra laevis Roth and Hay
Reticulofenestra laevis Roth and Hay, in Hay, Mohler, Roth, Schmidt,and Boudreaux, 1967, p. 449, pi. 7, fig. 11.
Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica (Gartner)
Coccolithus pseudoumbilicus Gartner, 1967, p. 4, pi. 6, fig. 3.Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica (Gartner). Gartner, 1969b, p. 587-598.
Reticulofenestra reticulata (Gartner and Smith)
Cyclococcolithus reticulatus Gartner and Smith, 1967, p. 4, pi. 5, fig. 1-4.
Reticulofenestra reticulata (Gartner and Smith). Roth, in Roth andThierstein, 1972, p. 436.
Reticulofenestra umbilica (Levin)
Coccolithus umbilicus Levin, 1965, p. 265, pi. 41, fig. 2.Reticulofenestra caucasica Hay, Mohler, and Wade, 1966, p. 386, pi. 3,
fig. 1, 2; pi. 4, fig. 1, 2.Reticulofenestra umbilica (Levin). Martini and Ritzkowski, 1968, p.
245, pi. 1, fig. 11, 12.
Genus RHABDOSPHAERA Haeckel, 1894
Rhabdosphaera clavigera Murray and Blackman
Rhabdosphaera clavigera Murray and Blackman, 1898, p. 438, pi. 15,fig. 13-15.
Genus SCYPHOSPHAERA Lohmann, 1902
Scyphosphaera apsteini Lohmann
Scyphosphaera apsteini Lohmann, 1902, p. 132, pi. 4, fig. 26-30.
Scyphosphaera pulcherrima Deflandre
Scyphosphaera pulcherrima Deflandre, 1942, p. 133, fig. 28-31.
Scyphosphaera recurvata Deflandre
Scyphosphaera recurvata Deflandre, 1942, p. 132, fig. 17-20.
Genus SPHENOLITHUS Deflandre, 1952
Sphenolithus abies Deflandre
Sphenolithus abies Deflandre, in Deflandre and Fert, 1954, p. 164, pi.10, fig. 1-4.
Sphenolithus belemnos Bramlette and Wilcoxon
Sphenolithus belemnos Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 1967a, p. 118, pi. 2,fig. 1-3.
Sphenolithus ciperoensis Bramlette and Wilcoxon
Sphenolithus ciperoensis Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 1967a, p. 120, pi. 2,fig. 15-18.
Sphenolithus dissimilis Bukry and Percival
Sphenolithus dissimilis Bukry and Percival, 1971, p. 140, pi. 6, fig. 7-9.
Sphenolithus heteromorphus Deflandre
Sphenolithus heteromorphus Deflandre, 1953, p. 1785-86, fig. 1, 2.
Sphenolithus moriformis (Brönnimann and Stradner)
Nannoturbella moriformis Brönnimann and Stradner, 1960, p. 368, fig.11-16.
Sphenolithus pacificus Martini, 1965, p. 407, pi. 36, fig. 7-10.Sphenolithus moriformis (Brönnimann and Stradner). Bramlette and
Wilcoxon, 1967a, p. 124-126, pi. 3, fig. 1-6.
660
CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
Sphenolithus neoabies Bukry and Bramlette
Sphenolithus neoabies Bukry and Bramlette, 1969, p. 140, pi. 3, fig. 9-11.
Sphenolithus predistentus Bramlette and Wilcoxon
Sphenolithus predistentus Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 1967a, p. 126, pi. 1,fig. 6; pi. 2, fig. 10, 11.
Sphenolithus pseudoradians Bramlette and Wilcoxon
Sphenolithus pseudoradians Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 1967a, p. 126-128, pi. 2, fig. 12-14.
Sphenolithus radians Deflandre
Sphenolithus radians Deflandre, in Grassé, 1952, p. 466, fig. 343J-K,363A-G.
Sphenolithus tribulosus Roth
Sphenolithus tribulosus Roth, 1970, p. 870-871, pi. 14, fig. 5, 7, 8.
Genus SYRACOSPHAERA Lohmann,. 1902
Syracosphaera pulchra Lohmann
Syracosphaera pulchra Lohmann, 1902, p. 134, pi. 4, fig. 33, 36, 37.
Genus THORACOSPHAERA Kamptner, 1927
Thoracosphaera saxea Stradner
Thoracosphaera saxea Stradner, 1961, p. 84, fig. 71.
Genus TRIQUETRORHABDULUS Martini, 1965
Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus Martini
Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus Martini, 1965, p. 408, pi. 36, fig. 1-3.
Triquetrorhabdulus milowii Bukry
Triquetrorhabdulus milowii Bukry, 1971a, p. 325, pi. 7, fig. 9-12.
Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus Bramlette and Wilcoxon
Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 1967a, p. 128-129, pi. 9, fig. 17, 18.
Genus UMBELLOSPHAERA Paasche, 1955
Umbellosphaera tenuis (Kamptner)
Coccolithus tenuis Kamptner, 1937, p. 311, pi. 17, figs. 41, 42.Umbellosphaera tenuis (Kamptner). Paasche, in Markali and Paasche,
1955, p. 96.
Genus UMBILICOSPHAERA Lohmann, 1902
Umbilicosphaera cricota (Gartner)
Cyclococcolithus cricotus Gartner, 1967, p. 5, pi. 7, fig. 5-7.Umbilicosphaera cricota (Gartner). Cohen and Reinhardt, 1968, p.
296, pi. 19, fig. 1, 5; pi. 21, fig. 3; text-fig. 6.
Umbilicosphaera sibogae (Weber van Bosse)
Coccosphaera sibogae Weber van Bosse, 1901, p. 137, 140, pi. 17, fig. 1,2.
Umbilicosphaera mirabilis Lohmann, 1902, p. 139, pi. 5, fig. 66, 66a.Umbilicosphaera sibogae (Weber van Bosse). Gaarder, 1970, p. 126.
SUMMARY OF NANNOFOSSIL STRATIGRAPHYTables of nannofossil occurrences have been prepared
for those sites containing significant assemblages. Thestate of preservation is designated as follows: G = good,little or no etching or overgrowth; M = moderate, someetching or overgrowth which has destroyed or obscuresdelicate structures and ornamentation; P = poor, strongsolution or overgrowth which has destroyed manyspecies or made the original species difficult to be
recognized. The abundance of specimens is notedas: VA = very abundant (flood); A = abundant;C = common; F = few; R = rare; VR = very rare (one ortwo specimens per slide.
Site 290 (Holes 290 and 290A)The productive samples examined from these holes
and the nannofossils they contain are listed in Table 3.Rare occurrences of moderately preserved Discoasterbrouweri and D. asymmetricus in Core 1 samples suggestthat this interval can be correlated with the late PlioceneCyclococcolithina macintyrei Subzone. The absence ofother diagnostic nannofossil species may indicatereworking into a younger, nonfossiliferous interval. Theearly Pliocene and the entire Miocene intervals are notrepresented in samples from this site. Samples 290-3-1,50-51 cm through 290-6, CC are of late Oligocene age,and samples from Core 7 are of early Oligocene age.Core 8 is a hard, coarse, volcanic conglomerate fromwhich one of the pebbles and some of the matrix wereexamined for nannofossils. A few specimens of late mid-dle Eocene to early Oligocene age were recovered. All ofCore 9 consists of a very "soupy" suspended mud and inall probability represents a thorough mixing ofsediments from above. Several late Eocene species wererecorded that were not observed in overlying samples.Consequently, reliable age determinations cannot bemade for samples from Cores 8 and 9.
Samples from the late Oligocene Cores 1 and 2 ofHole 290A can be correlated with Samples 290-3-1, 50-51 cm to 290-5-1, 135-136 cm. The early Oligocene andlate Eocene ? were penetrated only in Hole 290.
Site 291 (Holes 291 and 291 A)Table 4 lists the productive samples examined from
these holes and the nannofossils they contain. Sample291-1, CC contains rare specimens of Discoasterbrouweri and D. asymmetricus which can be best cor-related with the Cyclococcolithina macintyrei Subzone.Preservation is very poor; consequently, these specimenscould represent reworking of late Pliocene fossils intoyounger nonfossiliferous sediments. Samples 291-2-2,86-87 cm through 291-3-1, 110-111 cm contain the indexspecies Sphenolithus distentus and are of late Oligoceneage, while Sample 291-3-1, 124-124.5 cm and below con-tain a typical late Eocene assemblage. Clearly a hiatus ispresent in Core 3, Section 1 with the entire earlyOligocene being absent. Sample 291-5-1,115-116 cm im-mediately overlies basalt and contains only twospecimens of Cyclococcolithina formosa. While not atrue age-diagnostic species, it does indicate that thissample is no older than early Eocene. The absence ofother diagnostic species suggests that these more resis-tant specimens have been reworked into younger Eocenesediments.
Cores 1 to 3 of Hole 291A can be correlated with thelate Eocene cores of Hole 291. (Core 3 consists of redmud recovered from the drill bit upon completion of thehole.) The similarity in the assemblages recovered fromSamples 291-3, CC and 291A-1, CC is striking; even tothe presence of a late Oligocene component which mustrepresent contamination from up-hole.
661
C. H. ELLIS
TABLE 3Nannofossil Occurrences at Site 290
AGE
ri
PLI<
LU
zLU(JO
oo
u/"\VLU
LAT
LU
<
EARL
YSITE
NANNO-FOSSILZONE
ORSUBZONE
c.macintyrei
Sphenolithus
S.
distentus
R. hillae
D. bar-badiensis
290
GORE,SECTION,INTERVAL
(cm)
HOLE 2901-1, 1-21 cc3-1, 50-513-3, 25-263 cc4-1, 128-1294-2, 70-714 cc5-1,135-1365-3,115-1165 cc6-3, 103-1046 cc7-1, 10-127-4,134-1357cc8-5, 140-1419cc
O%
L U
L UQ£Q_
MMM
GGMMGM
GGGGMG
GMM
CÜ
• Hü
1—1
ü
öqjCO
CO
•HUJ
• u
•uUJ
i~S
£•to
R
R
CO30
ag
ieo
pel
CO3
, C-U
•<s.i~S
0uüoo
R
F
R
R
to3
ü•Hb ito
<HUJ
a
o
F
CFFR
F
RFF
RR
R
a
CO
CO3
o(J
oCJotsOCJ
RR
R
CO3
-U
üΦCO
ab
i
to
*q•u••s
o01k|
toü•-s
oS i
u
F
C
CC
C
F
F
103qto
• H
isOi—i4s
a
t j
A
ACAA
CC
C
c
cc
RF
toCO
*s
Iβq
•H
•H
•3oüoüoü3 i
o
?
R
to3
•U
to
UJ• u
•a0oöoS i• u
0
R
FF
R
F
CC
ΦtoCO
l•il
•HisüCO
a
q
R
ftUJ
-utoto
U)• utoto00to
q
R
R
R
R
R
R
3
ü•H•UCD
3 ito
a
q
R
• H
sΦ
fQ
>Sto
a
q
R
5!3
0Is
a
R
R
"q>>s
qto
4sen
a
q
R
F
F
R
R
R
R
R
F
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
isQ)
4s"H
qa
q
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
•rS
CJ10•u
a
F
F
R
F
F
R
R
R
F
F
R
R
εisq>-uq
•H
isQJ
^
CO0
q
aot)
•-s
(1)
to•uto
ü• H• U
q>fs
a
R
R
q>toM
is-U
Φ
80
30
-uCl)
R
F
R
?)••s
••s
3
i
05
R
R
R
R
to•<sCOq
roe
to3
-c:-U•H>-HOqq>
i ^
CO
R
C
R
R
R
CO3
•Uqq>•uto
CO
F
C
C
F
C
F
F
F
R
CO
|
o4s•>sQ
,CO
F
F
R
F
R
F
F
R
R
R
an
s
S30
3q>to
a
co
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
to
s• H
•πfθ(s
,CO
R
tus
(W
(5•r•l
( ^
toü
to3
3
to
•snaq>3
•H
Es
R
RR
R
R
R
OLI
G.
LATE S.
ciperoensis
HOLE 290A1-2, 90-911 cc2 cc
M
GM
RF
R C A
CA
F R R
RC
R
FF
R
RC
R F
R
R R
R
Site 292The productive samples examined from this
biostratigraphic control hole and the many well-preserved nannofossils they contain are listed in Table 5.The continuously cored intervals provide an unusuallyfine representation of the Holocene through the lateEocene nannofossil zones and subzones. Several sub-zones in the early half of the late Miocene cannot beidentified. This agrees with foraminiferal data whichalso indicate a zone is missing, but apparently there is nobreak in deposition. The absence of the early MioceneHelicopontosphαerα αmpliαpertα Zone coincides withmissing foraminiferal zones and probably represents ahiatus. The other missing subzones shown in Table 5may reflect too large a sampling interval for them to be
recognized, or it may reflect the failure to recognizezone-defining species.
Of particular note is the continuously cored Oligoceneinterval which contains well-preserved nannofossilassemblages representative of all the major zones withinthis interval. The relationship of these assemblages withboth underlying and overlying sediments can be seenbecause the cored intervals record both the upper andlower contacts.
Site 293
The present water depth (5599m) in addition to thevery poor state of preservation of the few forms thatwere recovered from cores at this site suggest thatdeposition occurred well below the carbonate compen-
662
CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
TABLE 4Nannofossil Occurrences at Site 291
A G F
QQ.
1 UJ
oz
×
UJ
7
EOCE
UJ
<
UJ
<
UJ
LAT
SITE
NANNO-FOSSILZONE
ORSUBZONE
C.macintyrei
S.distentus
^^~-
barba-diensis
291
CORE,SECTION,INTERVAL
(cm)
HOLE 2911 cc
2-2, 86-872cc
3-1, 105-1063-1, 110-1113-1, 117-1183-1, 124-1253-1, 140-1413 cc4-1, 60-614-1, 65-664-2, 50-514-3, 50-514-3, 75-764 cc
5-1, 115-116
_,,
O
>LU
RES
Q_
PMMMPM
M
M
M
M
MP
M
PPM
to<n
oid
3
ü
isto
to3
tei
• uCD
1U
RF
RR
to30
<π
8,8to
thu
00üo
RRFF
R
R
R
to3
gic
8,CJ
RRFFR
RRFRRCR
to
to3
ycl
%
qois
δ
F
R
R
R
R
r03
ect
to•H
•H
rgo
0
1—1
üCJ
to3q
ida
0r—\
< 4 ^ |
CJ
A
AA
A
R
A
C
to
tsO
«B
•H
4J• H
ceo
80üt j
R
F
C
CC
A
RR
oCDto
•H-4
toO
*}
OCC
84JCJ
C
cA
R
RFFCRF
R
US- uto<α
ter
to
00to
cl
RR
to3CJ
+J
öito<Tt
Q
R
to
to
δ
adi
•s
^
A
R
RA
A
A
A
AR
3toO
O
•H
Q
A
•H
1Ois
R
S
and
t i
Q
R
R
R
fer
0q
R
F
RR
to
toq
ipane
atto
c
A
R
R
CA
C
C
A
q
4J
Q
FFF
F
R
RR
•L>
o
1δü
s
8
opont
C)
•-H
03
lie
•H
'g3
24Jto
q
ofe
>-H3
ü4J01OS
c
FCAFFC
to34Jq(U
to•H
to3
ith
0q0)
-q
CO
FFRF
R
to
"§o
ü
CO
RRFC
F
R
to3+J
IB
ist
"8(CO
FCFC
R
R
a<TJ
• H
[0
•83CDCO
CO
RRRR
RR
to3toüM3
•H
+J
CO
RR
R
| EOCENE
LATE
D. barb.
HOLE 291A1 cc2 cc3 cc
MM
M
R
R
R RRR
R ?
R
C
R
R
R
F F
RR
R R
R
RR
RRR
F F R R
R
R
sation depth. Rapid burial can probably best explain thefew fairly well-preserved specimens which wererecovered from the silty fraction of a turbidite sequence.In general, there are very few age-diagnostic indigenousspecies in these cores, and the major portion of thespecimens in the recovered assemblages are reworkedinto the late Pliocene samples (Table 6). A sample of thebasaltic breccia matrix, 293-20-1, 15-16 cm, was foundto contain the early Pliocene ? species Discoαsterbrouweri and Reticulofenestrα pseudoumbilicα. Therecovery of Discoαster pentαrαdiαtus from sedimentchips found lining the core catcher after attempting toretrieve Core 23 further confirms the early Pliocene ? agedetermination for this lower rock unit.
An attempt was made to see how the character of thenannofossil assemblages might change through an inter-val following the deposition of a coarse turbidite. Aseries of very fine-grained sand to clay-sized graded beds
overlying a coarse sand interval in Core 7, Section 2 wassampled and examined for nannofossils. Unfortunately,all four samples were found to be barren.
Site 294Nannofossils occur sparsely, and their recovery was
very poor from samples at this site and no specific zonesor subzones could be recognized. Most of the recoveredspecimens are reworked Eocene forms, although theassemblage recovered from Sample 294-1-2, 75-76 cm isnot incompatible with the Quaternary age determinedfor this core with the use of radiolarians. The samplesand their fossil constituents are listed below.
294-1-2, 75-76 cm: Cyclococcolithinα leptoporα.Reworked Discoαster deflαndrei, Sphenolithus sp.
294-2, CC: Cyclococcolithinα leptoporα.294-3, CC: Cyclococcolithinα leptoporα. Reworked
Discoαster deflαndrei, Helicopontosphαerα kαmptneri.
663
TABLE 5Nannofossil Occurrences at Site 292
SITE 292
AGE
HOLOV
PLE
PLEISTOCENE
PLIOCENE
OCENE
S
ST.
LATE
i t ,
LATE
EARLY
LATE
|
MIDDLE
NANNO-FOSSILZONE
ORSUBZONE
E. huxleyi
Gephyro-capsa
oceanica
G.caribbean.C.
macintyrei
Discoastertamalis
D.
asymmet.
S. neoabies
Cerato-
lithus
C.
acutusT. rugosus
Cerato-lithusprimuε
Diεcoaster
hamatus
C.coalitus
CORE,SECTION,INTERVAL
(cm)
1-1, 40-411-2, 60-611-3, 40-411 -4, 40-411 cc
2-1, 100-101
2-2, 40-41
2-2, 40-41
2 cc
3 - 1 , 100-101
3-2, 40-41
3-3, 40-41
3-4, 40-41
3 cc
4 - 1 , 40-41
4-2, 40-41
4-3, 40-414-4, 40-41
4-4, 40-414 cc5-1, 40-41
5-2, 40-41
5-3, 40-415-4, 40-41
5-5, 40-415-6, 40-415 cc
6-1, 90-916-2, 40-41
6-3, 40-41
6-4, 40-416-5, 40-416-6, 40-41
6 cc7-1, 40-417-2, 40-417-4, 40-41
7-6, 40-417 cc8-2, 40-41
8-4, 40-41
8-6, 40-418 cc9-1, 90-919-3, 40-41
9-5, 40-419-6, 40-419 cc
10-1, 110-111
PRESERVATION
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
M
M
G
M
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
M
M
G
G
G
G
M
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
Angulolithina area
R
R
R
R
R
Aεpidorhabduε εtylifer
R
R
R
R
F
F
R
R
Braarudosphaera discula
<n<U"α0
3ü
<U01
<U
<u
1=
ccR
R
A
R
R
R
R
F
R
R
C. primuε
rF
R
R
F
R
C
F
F
F
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
C. rugosus
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
C
R
C
F
R
R
R
R
F
R
Coccolithus eopelagicus
C. miopelagicus
<n
0
<u
R
R
R
R
F
C
F
F
F
F
F
R
R
F
F
Coronocycluε serratuε
RCyclicargolithus abisectus
C. floridanus
Cyclococcolithina formosa
C. leptopora
C
F
F
F
C
FF
F
C
F
R
F
C
F
cR
ccR
R
A
F
C
F
F
F
C
F
cF
R
R
R
F
F
R
C
F
F
F
R
R
F
R
R
F
F
F
Dictyococcites bisectus
Discoaster aster
D. asymmetricus
R
R
C
cA
A
R
A
A
C
C
F
R
D. aulakos
D. barbadiensis
D. bellus
F
C
C
D. berggrenii
C
R
R
F
F
C
D. blackstockae
R
R
R
R
R
R
D. braarudii
D. brouweri
C
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
VA
A
C
C
A
A
C
C
C
cR
F
F
C
F
F
R
C
A
C
C
C
C
A
C
C
C
F
D. challengeri
R
R
R
A
R
A
A
C
C
R
F
R
R
F
R
R
D. decorus
F
R
F
R
R
R
R
D. deflandrei
D. druggii
D. exilis
D. hamatus
R
F
R
C
C
D. kugleri
D. nodifer
D. pentaradiatus
A
F
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
C
C
C
F
C
A
F
C
C
F
F
R
C
C
A
D. perplexus
D. prepentaradiatus
F
C
A
C
D. quadramuε
R
R
P. quinqueramus
R
C
C
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
R
D. saipanensis
0)3qto01
D. surculus
F
C
A
C
C
C
A
A
A
VA
A
A
A
A
A
A
R
R
F
F
cF
F
F
C
C
C
A
D. tamalis
C
F
R
F
A
R
R
D. tani
D. toralus
R
D. triradiatus
f
R
D. variabilis
R
R
C
C
R
R
R
F
R
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
C
A
C
C
A
A
C
C
C
A
A
Emiliania annula
F
C
F
F
F
F
C
A
3i
×x;
C
A
E. ovata
F
F
cA
A
A
F
Gephyrocapsa aperta
R
F
R
G. caribbeanica
F
A
R
R
VA
G. doronicoides
F
C
C
R
A
R
G. oceanica
A
A
VA
i/A
cVA
A
A
Helicopontosphaera compacta
H. intermedia
H. kamptneri
C
C
F
F
C
F
C
A
A
C
C
fF
C
R
R
R
R
H. reticulata
H. sellii
F
Reticulofenestra laeviε
R. pseudoumbilica
R
F
FR
R
F
R
F
R
F
C
F
C
F
R
A
C
R
R
F
F
F
R
R
R
R
C
R. reticulata
R. umbilica
Rhabdosphaera clavigera
R
R
R
F
F
Syracosphaera pulchra
R
R
R
Scyphosphaera apsteini
R
R
S. pulcherrima
R
R
S. recurvata
R
Sphenolithuε abieε
C
F
F
R
FR
F
c
R
R
C
C
C
F
C
A
F
R
R
S. belemnoε
S. ciperoensis
S. dissimilis
|
S. diεtentus
|
S. heteromorphus
]
S. moriformiε
S. neoabieε
R
R
S. predistentus
S. pεeudoradianε
Thoracosphaera saxea
F
F
R
R
R
F
C
R
R
R
F
R
R
R
R
F
F
R
R
F
R
R
F
Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus
T. rugosuε
F
F
R
R
RR
R
R
R
R
R
F
Umbilicosphaera cricota
j
C
C
R
c
TABLE 5 - Continued
SITE 292 (CONTINUED)
AGE
MIOCENE
OLIGOCENE
MIDDLE
EARLY
LATE
NANNO-FOSSILZONE
ORSUBZONE
D. kugleri
Coccolithus
pelagicus
Spheno-lithushetero-morphus
lithusbelemnos
D. druggii
Discoaster
deflandrei
C.
abisectus
Spheno-lithus
ciperoensis
CORE,SECTION,
INTERVAL(cm)
10-2, 40-4110 cc11-1, 40-4111-2, 40-4111-3, 40-4111-4, 40-4111-5, 40-4111-6, 40-4111 cc12-1,120-12112-2, 32-3312-3, 40-4112-4, 40-4112-5, 40-41
12 cc13-1,125-12613-3, 40-4113-4, 40-4113-5, 40-4113-5, 112-113
13-6, 40-4113 cc14-1, 114-11514-2, 40-4114-3, 60-6114-5, 40-4114 cc15-1, 48-4915-3,40-4115-6,40-4115 cc16-2,40-4116-4, 40-4116-6, 59-6016 cc17-1,126-12717-3, 56-5717-5, 40-4117 cc18-1, 40-4118-3, 40-4118-5, 40-4118 cc19-1, 40-4119-3, 40-4119-5, 40-4119 cc
20-2, 40-4120 cc21-1, 100-101
PRESERVATION
G
G
P
P
P
M
P
P
G
P
P
M
M
M
G
M
M
M
P
M
M
M
M
P
M
P
M
P
P
P
M
M
P
P
G
P
P
P
G
P
M
M
G
P
P
P
G
P
G
P
Angulolithina area
Aspidorhabdus stylifer
Braarudosphaera discula
Bramletteius serraculoides
Ceratolithus cristatus
C. primus
C. rugosus
C. tricorniculatus
Coccolithus eopelagicus
R
to3tj
e
u
F
C
R
R
F
R
R
R
F
R
R
R
F
F
R
R
R
F
F
C
F
c
R
C. pelagicus
C
R
R
R
F
F
C
F
A
R
F
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Coronocyclus serratus
R
F
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
F
F
R
F
R
F
F
C
R
F
F
R
R
R
R
R
Cyclicargolithus abisectus
F
C
F
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
C floridanus
A
A
A
A
A
F
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
C
cA
A
A
A
A
A
Cyclococcolithina formosa
C. leptopora
cc
cR
R
R
R
R
R
Dictyococcites bisectus
R
Discoaster aster
R
R
R
R
R
R
C
D. asymmetricus
D. aulakos
C
C
A
C
C
F
F
F
F
R
R
D. barbadiensis
D. bellus
D. berggrenii
D. blackstockae
D. braarudii
R
R
R
R
D. brouweri
D. challengeri
f
A
F
D. decorus
C
t
l•
A
t
/
cct
ccc
(
D. druggii
i
R
R
R
R
. F
V R
R
VR
D. exilis
F
F
F
F
R
R
R
R
R
D. hamatus
D. kugleri
R
D. nodifer
D. pentaradiatus
D. perplexus
R
F
S
cR
C
F
R
F
F
c
F
R
F
R
F
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
D. prepentaradiatus
D. quadramus
F
to
i
c
Q D. saipanensis
10
•H
<o
Q
F
D. surculus
D. tamalis
q
Q D. toralus
D. triradiatus
D. variabilis
A
A
A
C
A
A
C
C
F
F
R
R
Emiliania annula
E. huxleyi
E. ovata
Gephyrocapsa aperta
G. caribbeanica
G. doronicoides
G. oceanica
Helicopontosphaera compacta
R
R
R
R
R
H. intermedia
R
H. kamptneri
R
R
H. reticulata
H. sellii
Reticulofenestra laevis
8
03<u
s.a;F
F
R
R. reticulata
R. umbilica
Rhabdosphaera clavigera
Syracosphaera pulchra
Scyphosphaera apsteini
S. pulcherrima
S. recurvata
Sphenolithus abies
R
S. belemnos
C
cccF
C
S. ciperoensis
RA
R
C
S. dissimiliε
c
R
R
F
F
R
S. distentus
S. heteromorphus
C
S. moriformis
f
F
C
C
c
F
F
F
R
R
C
ccccF
F
A
A
C
C
C
cccccF
F
F
F
F
cccccccccF
F
C
cc
S. neoabies
S. predistentus
S. pseudoradians
Thoracosphaera saxea
Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus
F
F
C
F
C
F
R
R
F
C
cc
cccA
F
cccF
F
F
F
F
F
R
T. rugosus
R
R
R
Umbilicosphaera cricota
cùO
TABLE 5 - Continued
SITE 292 (CONTINUED)
AGE
GOCENE
OL
EOCENE
LATE
EARLY
|
LATE
NANNO-FOSSILZONEOR
SUBZONE
Spheno-lithus
ciperoensis
Spheno-lithus
distentus
S. pre-distentus
R. hillaei
C.formosa
Discoasterbar-
badiensis
CORE,SECTION,INTERVAL
(cm)
21-5, 40-4121 cc22-2, 40-4122 cc23-1, 40-4123-3, 40-4123 cc24-2, 45-4624-3, 40-4124 cc25-1, 40-4125 cc26-1, 60-6126-2, 40-4126 cc27-1, 40-4127 cc28 cc29-1, 90-9129 cc30-1,103-10430 cc31-2, 40-4131 cc32-1, 95-9632 cc33-2, 55-5633 cc34-2, 40-4134 cc35-1, 83-8435-3, 61-6235 cc36-1, 66-6736-2, 78-7936-3, 31-3236 cc37-1,131-13237-3, 69-7037 cc38-2,102-10338 cc39-2, 72-7339-3, 71-7239 cc
PRESERVATION
P
G
M
G
M
P
G
P
P
G
M
GP
P
M
P
M
M
M
M
V
M
MG
P
G
P
G
M
G
M
M
P
P
P
P
ArtMMMPGMPG
Angulolithina area
Aspidorhabdus stylifer
Braarudosphaera discula
RR
FFA >
Ceratolithus cristatus
C. primus
C. rugosus
C. tricorniculatus
(
C. miopelagicus
R
RR
C. pelagicus
RR
R
R
RCoronocyclus serratus
R
Cyclicargolithus abisectus
C
C
AC
Cc
c
RC. floridanus
C
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
ccA
A
C
A
A
A
A
(
(
>
F >
F t
(Cc
c/
FF
C. leptopora
\\\
i
Dictyococcites bisectus
F
R
F
FF
C
AA
C
CC
Discoaster aster
R
R
CR
RR
RR
R
R
R
R
D. asymmetricus
D. aulakos
/
(
/
D. bellus
\
D. berggrenii
D. blackstockae
D. braarudii
D. brouweri
D. challengeri
D. decorus
D. deflandrei
F
F
F
F
F
F
C
F
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
C
R
A
A
R
F
F
A
F
C
C
RR
R
A
A
D. druggii
D. exilis
D. hamatus
D. kugleri
D. nodifer
R
RRR
R
R
F
D. pentaradiatus
D. perplexus
R
D. prepentaradiatus
D. quadramus
D. quinqueramus
D. signus
U>H3
to
Q
D. tamalis
D. ta
ni
R
R
R
R
RR
R
RR
RC
F
RF
D. toralus
to3
2H
d D. variabilis
Emiliania annula
E. huxleyi
E. ovata
Gephyrocapsa aperta
G. caribbeanica
G. doronicoides
G. oceanica
Helicopontosphaera compacta
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
C
c
c
R
R
C
C
H. intermedia
H. kamptneri
H. reticulata
R
R
H. sellii
Reticulofenestra laevis
R
R
R
R
A
A
t
RRA
AF
R. pseudoumbilica
R. reticulata
R
F
C
R. umbilica
RR
ACFFFFFFFARF
Rhabdosphaera clavigera
Syracosphaera pulchra
Scyphosphaera apsteini
S. pulcherrima
S. recurvata
Sphenolithus abies
S. belemnos
S. ciperoensis
cccA
A
A
C
C
F
A
S. dissimilis
S. distentus
R
R
R
RVAFFRFFACFCRFFF
S. heteromorphus
S. moriformis
Cc
cFF
R
R
RC
A
A
FC
RF
F
R
F
RR
R
RFR
S. neoabies
S. predistentus
R
CRRRRc
cR
cA
F
R
R
S. pseudoradians
RR
R
R
F
R
R
Thoracosphaera saxea
Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus
R
R
R
R
R
F
RFR
to
Umbilicosphaera cricota
ONO NON
pEC
CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
TABLE 6Nannofossil Occurrences at Site 293
SITE 293
AGE
HOLO7
P LEI ST.
LATE
PLIOCENE
EARLY
PLIOCENE7
UJ
Z
OS
SIL
ZC
SU
BZ
ON
ox anZ OZ<Z
CORE,SECTION,INTERVAL
1 cc
3-5, 80-814-2, 81-824-2, 137-1387 c c
8-2, 101-1029 cc
10 cc
12 cc13 cc
17 cc
18-1, 60-6120-1, 15-1622 cc
23 cc
ER
VA
TIC
COUJoc
PP
P
P
PP
M
P
P
P
P
P
G
P
G
to3+J
cris
ta
CO3
s0
QJδ
R
F
to3
pela
gic
hu
s
•+J
8üo8
R
R
R
CO
is
thin
a f
8ü
8O
üç j
R
!a0
cu
o
R
R
R
RF
R
to•Htoq
ba
rba
die
CD• µ
to
0üto
R
•Hh
3OSH
Q
R
R
CD
§i—|
Ü
?
•HCJ)kj
•αq
^ 3CD
Q
?
R
R
R
R
to3
§
Ra
tus
aqCD
C|
R
to
to
CD
UJ
•HUJto
?
R
to3
3ü3to
C|
R
-M
R
to
abi
u
RR
CO
F
R
o
01
cari
bb
to
?us
R
•HCJQJüQ
?
CO
CJ
F
•H
s•
phaera
to0
q
ür-|
R
R
s•H
r§3(1)
str
a p
s
CDqCD
o3ü
•H•Uα>
?
R
R
u
mb
i
3
R
?
R
F
8
pse
ud
o
to3
OqCD
Sph
R
to
M
CO
?
to
CO
R
R
F
R
R
294-4-4, 120-121 cm: Reworked Discoαster bαr-bαdiensis, D. nodifer.
294-4, CC: Reworked Discoαster deßαndrei, D. tαni.
Site 295
No indigenous nannofossils were recovered fromsamples of this hole. Only the 295-bit sample was foundto contain the reworked Eocene species Discoαstersαipαnensis and Reticulofenestrα umbilicα.
Site 296
The productive samples examined from thisbiostratigraphic control hole and the nannofossils theycontain are listed in Table 7. The continuously coredHolocene to late Oligocene interval of this hole providesa fine representation of nearly all the Neogene nan-nofossil zones and subzones. Two subzones in the earlyPliocene-late Miocene and a subzone in each of the lateMiocene and the middle Miocene intervals were notrecognized. Their absence could reflect too great asampling interval or a hiatus. Although the intervalbelow 472 meters was only intermittently cored, a com-plete sequence of late Oligocene zones was observed in
Cores 34 through 63. The boundary between theSphenolithus ciperoensis Zone and the Sphenolithus dis-tentus Zone cannot be clearly defined. If the specimenquestionably identified as S. ciperoensis from Core 56 istruly that species, then the zone boundary lies betweenCores 56 and 57. However, if S. ciperoensis has its firstoccurrence in Core 52, then the zone boundary liesbetween Cores 52 and 53. Consequently, until thisproblem is resolved, the interval represented by Cores 53through 56 is considered to be a transitional intervalbetween the two zones. Cores 64 and 65 contain only afew specimens of the nannofossil species Helicopon-tosphαerα compαctα, Dictyococcites bisectus, andpossibly Cyclococcolithinα formosα. These species havereported occurrences ranging from the middle earlyEocene to the early Oligocene and while they may not bevery age definitive, they do provide some indication ofthe possible minimum and maximum ages for thesesamples. If the identification of C. formosα in Core 65 iscorrect, then the sample can be no younger than earlyOligocene. However, the poor state of preservation ofthe specimens in these lower few cores may indicate thatthese are reworked individuals.
667
TABLE 7Nannofossil Occurrences at Site 296
SITE 296
AGE
ENE/
HOLOC
ISTOCENE
PLE
PLIOCENE
PLEISTOCENE
LATE
EARLY
LATE
EARLY
NANNO-FOSSILZONE
ORSUBZONE
Emilianiahuxleyi
Gephyro-capsa
oceanica
Gephyro-capsacarib-
beanica
E. annula
C.macintyrei
Discoasterpenta-
radiatus
Discoaεtertamalis
Discoasteraεym-
metricuε
CORE,SECTION,INTERVAL
(cm)
1-1, 31-321-4, 90-911 cc2-2, 34-352-6, 68-692 cc3-1, 19-203-3, 100-1013-4, 96-973 cc4-2, 51-524-3, 127-1284 cc5-1, 75-765-2, 7-85-4, 41-425 cc6-1, 62-636-5, 30-316 cc7-2, 70-717-4, 140-1417 cc8-1, 134-1358-2, 100-1018-3, 136-1378-4, 30-318-4, 52-538-4, 115-1168 cc9-1, 72-739-2, 120-1219-3, 89-909-4, 21-229-5, 72-739-6, 91-929 cc10-2, 24-2510-4, 21-2210-5, 115-11610-6, 60-6110 cc11-2, 75-7611-4, 80-8111 cc12-1, 103-10412-4, 95-9612-5, 85-8612 cc13-3, 95-96
PRESERVATION
G
M
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
M
MG
M
G
M
G
M
M
G
M
M
G
G
G
M
G
M
M
G
M
M
M
M
MM
G
M
M
M
G
G
G
G
G
M
M
M
G
M
Angulolithina area
Aεpidorhabdus stylifer
R
R
R
Catinaster coalitus
Ceratolithus cristatus
R
R
F
R
R
R
C. primus
C. rugosus
F
R
R
F
C. tricorniculatus
Coccolithus eopelagicus
C. miopelagicus
C. peiagicus
R
R
F
R
R
R
A
F
F
R
F
R
R
C
R
C
A
Coronocyclus serratus
Cyclicargolithus abisectus
C. floridanus
Cyclococcolithina formosa
C. leptopora
cF
R
C
R
C
R
F
C
C
cccF
F
F
F
F
A
R
F
F
F
F
F
F
R
C
C
F
F
F
F
R
F
A
F
R
F
A
F
cA
F
C
F
A
F
Dictyococciteε bisectus
D. εcrippεae
Diεcoaster asymmetricus
R
R
C
R
F
F
R
R
A
R
D. aulakos
D. bellus
D. berggrenii
D. blackstockae
D. bollii
D. braarudii
D. brouweri
F
F
R
R
C
F
R
F
F
R
F
c
F
F
R
A
C
F
A
C
R
R
A
R
D. brouweri rutellus
D. calcaris
R
R
R
R
R
D. challengeri
R
D. decorus
R
R
F
R
R
R
R
D. deflandrei
8>Cn
•σ
D. e×ilis
D. hamatus
01-H
<OM
u<U
q
D. kugleri
D. loeblichii
D. neohamatus
D. neorectus
D. nodifer
D. pentaradiatus
RR
R
C
F
RF
F
R
C
R
R
F
F
F
F
A
C
R
R
R
D. prepentaradiatus
D. pεeudovariabilis
D. quinqueramuε
D. signus
D. surculus
F
c
R
C
F
C
R
R
D. tamalis
R
R
C
R
R
C
D. tani
D. toralus
R
R
R
R
RD. variabilis
R
R
R
F
3- q
A
C
VA
A
VA
F
-
F
F
R
F
E. ovata
C
F
F
F
F
F
C
C
C
A
C
F
F
C
F
F
F
C
C
ccF
R
R
F
F
F
R
F
F
R
R
Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica
R
R
R
F
F
C
A
A
C
R
R
R
VR
G. doronicoides
F
F
F
C
C
cF
A
C
C
cVA
A
A
VA
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
C
A
C
cA
A
C
C
C
A
A
C
F
G. oceanica
A
A
A
A
C
VA
A
A
C
C
F
C
F
R
F
R
VR
VR
VR
Helicopontosphaera ampliaperta
H. compacta
H. euphratis
H. intermedia
H. kamptneri
C
C
C
F
R
C
F
F
F
F
R
R
F
F
F
F
F
R
C
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
F
R
R
R
C
R
R
F
R
F
R
C
R
H. sellii
R
R
R
R
Pontosphaera multipora
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica
C
C
A
F
Rhabdosphaera clavigera
R
R
R
R
Scyphoεphaera pulcherrima
R
R
R
R
R
S. recurvata
R
R
Sphenolithus abies
R
S. belemnos
S. ciperoensis
S. distentus
S. heteromorphus
S. moriformis
S. neoabies
S. predistentus
Syracosphaera pulchra
R
R
R
R
R
R
Thoracosphaera saxea
R
RR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus
T. milowii
T. rugosuε
Umbellosphaera tenuis
R
Umbilicosphaera cricota
F
F
F
F
F
R
R
F
F
F
ON00
TABLE 7 - Continued
SITE 296 (CONTINUED)
AGE
PLIOCENE
MIOCENE
EARLY
LATE
MIDDLE
EARLY
NANNO-FOSSILZONE
ORSUBZONE
Discoasterasym-
metricus
S.neoabies
Cerato-lithus
rugosus
Cerato-lithusprimus
Discoasterberggrenii
D.neorectus
D.hamatus
Catinastercoalitus
Discoasterkugleri
S.heteromorph
Helicopon-tosphaera
ampliaperta
CORE,SECTION,INTERVAL
(cm)
13 cc14-4, 102-10314 cc15-2, 75-76
.15-4, 50-51
15 cc16-1, 130-131
16-2, 60-6116-3, 70-7116 cc17-3, 55-5617 cc
18-1, 85-8618 cc19-1, 68-69
19-3, 75-7619-4, 80-81
19-5, 80-8119-6, 80-8119 cc20 cc21-3, 60-6121 cc
22-3, 50-5122-5, 70-7122-6, 70-71
22 cc23-2, 109-110
23-3, 90-9123 cc24 cc
25-1, 70-7125-2, 70-7125-3, 70-7125-4, 70-71
25 cc26-2, 70-7126-5, 70-71
26 cc27-2, 70-7127-3, 70-7127 cc
28-1, 105-10628-2, 70-7128-4, 70-7128 cc
29-1, 70-7129-2, 70-7129 cc
30-1, 100-10130 cc31-1, 70-71
31-3, 69-70
PRESERVATION
G
M
G
M
M
M
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
M
G
G
M
G
M
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
M
G
G
M
G
M
P
G
M
M
G
G
G
M
G
G
G
G
G
M
M
M
Angulolithina area
R
R
R
R
R
Aεpidorhabdus stylifer
Catinaster coalitus
R
R
R
R
Ceratolithus cristatus
C. primus
R
R
R
R
R
R
C. rugosus
R
R
R
C. tricorniculatus
VR
R
RCoccolithus eopelagicus
C. miopelagicus
C
A
A
C
F
A
C
cA
F
A
F
C
F
F
C. pelagicus
F
F
C
A
C
C
c
F
cR
R
R
R
R
F
F
F
R
R
Coronocyclus serratuε
R
R
R
R
F
F
R
Cyclicargolithus abisectus
C. floridanus
f
F
F
C
R
C
c
Cyclococcolithina formosa
C. leptopora
A
F
A
C
F
A
F
cF
A
A
F
A
C
C
C
F
A
A
F
A
FR
F
F
R
FF
C
cF
F
F
C
F
R
C
RA
F
R
C
A
F
F
A
R
C
Dictyococcites bisectus
D. scrippsae
Discoaster asymmetricus
FR
C
R
R
R
D. aulakos
R
R
F
R
D. bellus
(
(
(
C
D. blackstockae
R
R
D. bollii
R
R
F
F
R
R
R
R
R
C
D. braarudii
F
F
A
F
C
A
F
A
A
R
F
F
F
C
D. brouweri
A
R
A
C
F
A
F
A
R
C
C
C
F
C
F
C
F
C
C
F
C
C
ccA
A
A
C
C
R
D. brouweri rutellus
F
F
F
C
F
FD. calcaris
FD. challengeri
F
F
R
R
F
R
F
R
R
F
R
D. decorus
R
R
R
cF
F
D. deflandrei
R
R
F
A
F
C
C
F
A
F
C
D. druggii
D. e×ilis
R
F
F
F
F
F
F
R
D. hamatus
A
C
A
D. intercalaris
R
D. kugleri
R
F
R
C
CD. loeblichii
R
R
R
D. neohamatus
R
D. neorectus
R
D. nodifer
D. pentaradiatus
C
R
A
R
F
CR
R
C
R
F
R
R
R
A
R
C
R
D. prepentaradiatus
R
D. pseudovariabilis
F
F
R
D. quinqueramus
F
R
C
C
ccccccc
ccF
c
F
D. signus
F
D. surculus
R
R
C
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
F
F
R
D. tamalis
D. ta
niD. toralus
R
R
R
R
D. variabilis
A
R
F
F
R
AR
F
R
A
R
C
C
A
C
CF
R
A
C
F
FF
R
F
CC
C
A
A
C
C
A
C
A
C
F
A
C
F
C
F
C
C
A
R
A
Emiliania annula
E. huxleyi
E. ovata
Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica
G. doronicoides
G. oceanica
Helicopontosphaera ampliaperta
R
R
R
R
R
H. compacta
H. euphratis
R
R
R
R
B. intermedia
C
<
R
H. sellii
R
R
R
Pontosphaera multipora
R
Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica
A
A
C
C
A
C
F
F
A
F
A
F
A
C
A
F
C
A
A
F
A
F
A
F
C
A
A
A
C
C
C
Rhabdosphaera clavigera
Scyphosphaera pulcherrima
R
S. recurvata
R
R
Sphenolithus abies
R
R
R
F
F
R
R
F
F
S. belemnos
S. ciperoensis
S. distentus
S. heteroπorphus
C
F
F
F
F
C
A
C
wcc
to
H0
H
"1
R
C
F
F
C
C
F
A
S. neoabies
cR
C
S. predistentus
Syracosphaera pulchra
Thoracosphaera saxea
Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus
T. milowii
T. rugosus
R
Umbellosphaera tenuis
umbilicosphaera cricota
R
R
C
CONo
TABLE 7 - Continued
SITE 296 (CONTINUED)
AGE
MIOCENE
OLIGOCENE
EARLY
LATE
NANNO-FOSSILZONE
ORSUBZONE
Spheno-lithus
belemnos
Discoasterdruggii
D.deflandrei
Dictyo-coccitesabisectus
Spheno-lithus
ciperoensis
S.ciperoensis
orS. distentus
lithusdistentus
CORE,SECTION,INTERVAL
(cm)
31-4, 68-6931-5, 71-7231 cc32-2, 70-7132-3, 70-7132-4, 71-7232-5, 70-7132 cc33-1, 105-10633-2, 68-6933-4, 54-5533 cc34-1, 98-9934-4, 66-6734-5, 41-4234 cc35-4, 72-7335 cc36-4, 58-5936 cc37-4, 56-5737 cc38-1, 96-9738 cc39-3, 62-6339 cc40 cc41 cc42 cc43-1, 103-10444 cc45 cc46 cc47 cc48-l j 140-14149 cc52-1, 62-6352 cc53 cc54 cc55 cc56-5, 65-6856-5, 70-7156 cc57 cc58 cc59 cc63 cc64 cc65 cc
PRESERVATION
M
M
M
M
M
M
MM
M
M
MMM
MM
M
M
MM
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
P
M
MPP
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Angulolithina area
Aspidorhabdus stylifer
Catinaster coalitus
Ceratolithus cristatus
C. primus
C. rugosus
C. tricorniculatus
Coccolithus eopelagicus
R
R
F
R
C. miopelagicus
A
F
F
C
C
R
C
C
F
C
A
C
F
A
F
F
F
R
R
R
F
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
F
C. pelagicus
R
R
R
R
R
F
Coronocyclus serratus
R
F
R
F
R
R
Cyclicargolithus abisectus
VR
F
C
C
ccF
cA
C
A
A
A
C
C
C
cccF
C
C
F
F
A
C
R
R
R
C
C
cF
C
C. floridanus
A
A
C
C
F
F
F
C
C
cccF
C
C
C
F
F
F
F
F
R
F
R
R
C
C
F
R
C
Cyclococcolithina formosa
?
C. leptopora
R
F
F
F
R
Dictyococcites bisectus
F
C
FFC
cF
C
cc
FCcF
R
R
RF
F
C
F
R
D. scrippsae
R
R
R
R
A
Discoaster asymmetricus
D. aulakos
R
D. bellus i
>H
<U
A
D. blackstockae
D. bollii
D. braarudii
D. brouweri
D. brouweri rutellus
D. calcaris
D. challengeri
D. decorus
D. deflandrei
C
A
VA
A
A
C
A
VA
A
A
A
VA
C
F
R
VA
C
R
R
R
R
R
A
R
R
R
R
R
R
F
F
F
F
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RR
R
D. druggii
C
F
F
R
F
F
C
D. exilis
D. hamatus
D. intercalaris
D. kugleri
D. loeblichii
D. neohamatus
D. neorectus
D. nodifer
R
D. pentaradiatus
D. prepentaradiatus
D. pseudovariabilis.
D. quinqueramus
D. signus
D. surculus
D. tamalis
D. tani
R
R
R
RD. toralus
D. variabilis
R
R
cq
q
g. huxleyi
E. ovata
Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica
G. doronicoides
G. oceanica
Helicopontosphaera ampliaperta
C
H. compacta
RR
R
RRR
H. euphratis
H. intermedia
R
RR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
H. kamptneri
H. sellii
Pontosphaera multipora
Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica
Rhabdosphaera clavigera
Scyphosphaera pulcherrima
S. recurvata
Sphenolithus abies
S. belemnos
R
F
C
R
S. ciperoensis
R
R
F
R
C
F
F
F
C
C
c
R
R
?
S. distentus
R
R
F
S. heteromorphus
<n
F
C
R
F
C
F
F
F
C
C
F
FF
F
F
R
F
C
F
C
C
F
F
F
F
FR
F
F
C
F
R
R
RRFRF
S. neoabies
S. predistentus
R
Syracosphaera pulchra
Thoracosphaera saxea
Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus
R
RR
RRRR
F
F
R
R
T. milowii
R
R
R
R
R
R
T. rugosus
Umbellosphaera tenuis
Umbilicosphaera cricota
o
CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
Site 297The nannofossil recovery from this hole is not consis-
tent with the normal sequence of Pleistocene subzones(Table 8). Samples 297-1, CC through 297-4-4, 70-71 cmcontain well-preserved specimens typical of the latePleistocene Gephyrocapsa oceanica Zone. Samples 297-6-1, 70-71 cm through 297-11-3, 70-71 cm containspecimens representative of the early PleistoceneGephyrocapsa caribbeanica Subzone. However, thespecies diversity in this latter assemblage is reduced, andthe quality of preservation is poorer than that observedin the G. oceanica Zone assemblages. Between these twoassemblages a group of samples (297-4-6, 60-61 cmthrough 297-5, CC) contains an assemblage that canbest be recognized as belonging to the Holocene-Pleistocene Emiliania huxleyi Zone. Whether this zonaldisplacement is due to faulting, slumping, or reworkingof the upper unit is not known at this time.
The late Pliocene interval is represented by Samples297-11, CC and 297-17, CC. The former sample clearlybelongs in the Cyclococcolithina macintyrei Subzone,while the latter sample does not contain sufficient nan-nofossils to identify it with a specific late Pliocene sub-zone.
Sample 297-18, CC can best be assigned to theReticulofenestra pseudownbilica Zone, but again sub-zonal designation is not possible. Cores 19 through 23are barren of nannofossils and cannot be dated.
Samples 297-24-1, 116-117 cm through 297-24, CCcontain an assemblage than can probably be best assign-ed to the middle Miocene Discoaster exilis Zone. Sam-ples from Cores 25 and 26 contain very few poorlypreserved nannofossils, but their position in thestratigraphic sequence probably also places them in theD. exilis Zone.
The final core sample, 297-27, CC, while containing afew reworked specimens of Discoaster saipanensis, has afairly diverse, relatively well-preserved assemblage ofnannofossils which can be placed in the early middleMiocene Sphenolithus heteromorphus Zone.
Site 298 (Holes 298 and 298A)The productive samples examined from these holes
and the nannofossils they contain are listed in Table 9. Anormal sequence of Holocene and Pleistocene nan-nofossil zones and subzones are represented in thesesamples. A few specimens of the following Pliocene,Miocene, and early Oligocene or late Eocene species arefound scattered throughout the younger assem-blages: Dictyococcites bisectus, Discoaster brouweri, D.exilis, D. kugleri, D. nodifer, and D. surculus. The singlesample, 298A-1, CC, from Hole 298A can be correlatedwith samples of the Emiliania huxleyi Zone in Hole 298.
Site 299The productive samples examined from this site and
the nannofossils they contain are listed in Table 10.Samples from Cores 1 through 8 contain relatively nor-mal nannofossil assemblages that can be correlated withthe Holocene-Pleistocene Emiliania huxleyi Zone. Thegenerally poor state of preservation as well as the pauci-ty and low diversity of fossil forms in the remainder of
the productive samples from this hole reflect the in-fluence of cold-water currents encroaching upon thisportion of the Sea of Japan from the north. The latePleistocene Gephyrocapsa oceanica Zone can berecognized in Samples 299-9, CC through 299-15-2, 55-56 cm. The early Pleistocene Gephyrocapsa caribbeanicaSubzone can be recognized in Samples 299-15-4, 60-61cm through 299-30, CC. Although Samples 299-23, CC,299-26, CC, and 299-30, CC contain only rare specimensof nannofossils, the latter two samples do contain thesubzonal index species G. caribbeanica. No age-diagnostic nannofossils were recovered from samplesbelow this point.
Site 300Only rare heavily overgrown specimens of Coccolithus
pelagicus were recovered from Sample 300-1, CC. Thisundoubtedly reflects the influence of cold-water currentson the nannofossil assemblages. However, more nearlynormal Holocene-Pleistocene specimens referrable tothe Emiliania huxleyi Zone were recovered from Sample300-2, CC. The fossil assemblages recovered from thesetwo samples are listed in Table 11.
Site 301Only sparsely occurring nannofossils were observed in
a few samples from this site (Table 11). Holocene-Pleistocene through early Pleistocene zones or subzonescan be recognized in the samples through Sample 301-4,CC. Only one additional sample, 301-6, CC, was foundto contain nannofossils. This sample must be of earlyPliocene age or older unless the specimens ofReticulofenestra pseudoumbilica are reworked.
Site 302The cold-water conditions characteristic of this part
of the Sea of Japan are reflected in the sparse nan-nofossil recovery from Hole 302 (Table 11). Nannofossilassemblages recovered from samples from Cores 1, 2,and 3 can be referred to the late Pleistocene Gephyrocap-sa oceanica Zone. Sample 302-4-2, 70-71 cm containsonly the species Gephyrocapsa doronicoides and, conse-quently, may belong to the G. doronicoides Zone. Sam-ple 302-5, CC contains rare, heavily overgrownspecimens of Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica and thusmay belong to that early Pliocene Zone.
The remaining productive samples, 302-10, CCthrough 302-17-2, 70-71 cm, contain only sparse nan-nofossils including a few reworked Oligocene specimensof Cyclicargolithus abisectus and Sphenolithus ciperoen-sis. Associated diatoms suggest a possible late Mioceneage for this interval.
REFERENCESBerggren, W.A., 1972. A Cenozoic time-scale—some im-
plications for regional geology and paleobio-geography: Lethaia, v. 5, p. 195-215.
Berggren, W.A. and Van Couvering, J., 1973. Late Neogenechronostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, biochronology, andpaleoclimatology: Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionTech. Rept., No. 73-40.
Black, M., 1964. Cretaceous and Tertiary coccoliths fromAtlantic seamounts: Palaeontology., v. 7, p. 306-316.
671
C. H. ELLIS
TABLE 8Nannofossil Occurrences at Site 297
SITE 297
AGE
PLEISTOCENE
PLIO
.MIOCENE
UJ
<i
HOLOCENE/
PLEI
STOC
ENE
>-_j
<
LU
UJ
UJ
MIDDLE
NANNO-FOSSILZONE
ORSUBZONE
Gephyrocapsaoceanica
Emilianiahuxleyil
Gephyrocapsacaribbeanica
E. annulaC.
macintyreiR. pseudoumb.
D. exilis?
S. hetero-morphus
CORE,SECTION,INTERVAL
(cm)
1 cc2 cc3 cc4-1, 76-774-2, 70-714-4, 70-714-6, 60-614 cc5-2, 70-715-4,70-715-6,70-715 cc6-1, 70-716-3, 70-716-5, 70-717-3, 70-717 cc8-3, 90-918-6, 135-1369-3, 70-719 cc10-1, 0-110-3, 70-7110-5, 70-7110-6, 70-7110 cc11-2, 120-12111-3, 70-7111-4, 70-7111 cc17 cc18 cc24-1, 116-11724-2, 63-6424 cc25-2, 41-4226 cc27 cc
PRESERVATION
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
M
M
G
G
G
G
G
M
G
P
M
P
G
G
G
M
M
MGGM
GGPP
M
M
M
PPG
Ceratolithus cristatus
R
R
R
R
R
Coccolithus pelagicus
R
C
R
R
R
Cyclococcolithina leptopora
RR
F
R
C
A
C
R
R
R
C
R
C
R
A
A
C
RF
R
C
RF
Discoaster bollii
R
R
D. braarudii
R
D. brouweri
R
F
C
F
D. deflandrei
R
R
R
R
R
D. saipanensis
R
D. tani
R
R
D. variabilis
F
R
R
R
R
Emiliania annula
R
F
R
R
F
R
R
R
C
R
F
C
R
RR
R
C
F
E. huxleyi
R
R
?E. ovata
R
C
R
C
A
C
R
RR
C
A
A
F
Gephyrocapsa aperta
R
G. caribbeanica
R
F
C
F
A
F
F
A
C
C
R
C
F
R
F
F
R
RR
R
R
R
G. doronicoides
A
F
C
A
A
VA
RA
R
A
R
C
F
CRR
RRRRF
C
G. oceanica
R
F
C
R
C
A
C
C
F
F
Helicopontosphaera kamptneri
R
R
FRR
R
F
R
F
R
RRRRR
R
Pontosphaera multipora
R
Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica
RR
R
F
Rhabdosphaera clavigera
R
Sphenolithus abies
F
F
S. heteromorphus
F
S. mori for mi s
R
Syracosphaera sp.
R
R
Umbilicosphaera cricota
R
F
F
U. sibogae
R
672
CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
TABLE 9Nannofossil Occurrences at Site 298
SITE 298
AGE
HO
LO
CE
NE
/P
LE
IST
OC
EN
E
PL
EIS
TO
CE
NE
UJ
EA
RL
Y
N A N N O -FOSSILZONE
ORSUBZONE
Emilianiahuxleyi
Gephyrocapsaoceanica
Gephyrocapsacaribbeanica
CORE,SECTION,
INTERVAL(cm)
HOLE 2981 cc2-4, 125-1262 cc3-1, 120-1213 cc4-1, 40-414 cc5-1, 85-865-2, 53-546-1, 60-617-1, 40-417 cc
8 cc
9-1, 70-739 cc10 cc11 cc12 cc13 cc14 cc15 cc16-4,53-5416 cc
PR
ES
ER
VAT
ION
M
G
M
G
M
M
M
M
M
M
GGG
G
M
GG
G
GG
G
M
G
Bra
aru
do
sph
aera
b
igelo
wi
RC
era
toli
thu
s cris
tatu
sR
R
R
R
Co
cco
lith
us
pela
gic
us
R
R
R
F
R
R
R
R
Cyclo
co
cco
lith
ina
le
pto
po
ra
R
F
C
F
F
F
C
C
cF
F
R
F
Dic
tyo
co
ccit
es
bis
ectu
s
R
Dis
co
ast
er
bro
uw
eri
R
R
D.
exil
is
R
D.
ku
gle
ri
R
D.
no
dif
er
R
D.
surc
ulu
s
R
Em
ilia
nia
a
nn
ula
RRR
C
F
E.
hu
xle
yi
C
FC
C
A
E.
ova
ta
R
RRRR
F
R
F
F
C
R
Gep
hyro
ca
psa
ca
rib
bea
nic
a
FF
F
CC
C
F
C
A
F
F
C
C
F
F
C
G.
do
ron
ico
ides
R
F
F
F
F
C
C
F
A
RA
C
C
CCC
F
G.
ocea
nic
a
F
C
F
F
F
F
R
R
Heli
co
po
nto
sph
aera
h
ya
lin
a
R
H.
ka
mp
tneri
R
R
R
R
R
R
RR
R
RR
R
Reti
cu
lofe
nest
ra
pse
ud
ou
mb
ilic
a
R
Um
bil
ico
sph
aera
cric
ota
C
HO
LO./
PLE
IST.
E. huxleyiHOLE 298A1 cc G R C R R C R
Black, M. and Barnes, B., 1961. Coccoliths and discoastersfrom the floor of the South Atlantic Ocean: J. Roy. Micro.Soc, v. 80, p. 137-147.
Boudreaux, J.E. and Hay, W.W., 1969. Calcareous nan-noplankton and biostratigraphy of the late Pliocene-Pleistocene-Recent sediments in the Submarex cores: Rev.Espan. Micropaleontol., v. 1, p. 249-292.
Bramlette, M.N. and Riedel, W.R., 1954. Stratigraphic valueof discoasters and some other microfossils related to Re-cent coccolithophores: J. Paleontol., v. 28, p. 385-403.
Bramlette, M.N. and Sullivan, F.R., 1961. Coccolithophoridsand related nannoplankton of the early Tertiary in Califor-nia: Micropalėontology., v. 7, p. 129-188.
Bramlette, M.N. and Wilcoxon, J.A., 1967a. Middle Tertiarycalcareous nannoplankton of the Cipero Section, Trinidad,W.I.: Tulane Stud. Geol. Paleontol., v. 5, p. 93-131.
, 1967b. Discoaster druggi nom. nov. pro Discoasterextensus Bramlette and Wilcoxon, 1967, non Hay,1967: Tulane Stud. Geol. Paleontol., v. 5, p. 220.
673
C. H. ELLIS
TABLE 10Nannofossil Occurrences at Site 299
SITE 299
AGE
\
LO
CE
NE
OX
PL
EIS
TO
CE
NE
PLE
IST
OC
EN
ELA
TEEA
RLY
?
NANNO-FOSSILZONE
ORSUBZONE
Emilianiahuxleyi
Gephyrocapsaoceanica
Gephyrocapsacaribbeanica
?
CORE,SECTION,
INTERVAL(cm)
1 cc2-2, 50-512 cc3 cc4 cc5 cc6-4, 45-466 cc8-2, 12-138 cc9 cc10-2,55-5610-4, 20-2110 cc11 cc13-2, 20-2113 cc14-2, 2-314 cc15-2, 55-5615-4, 60-6115 cc16-4, 80-8116 cc17-2, 75-7617 cc18-2, 71-7222-4, 60-6122 cc23 cc26 cc30 cc38-6, 119-120
PRE
SER
VA
TIO
NP
PM
M
M
M
G
M
M
M
P
M
M
P
PM
M
P
M
M
P
P
P
PPPPP
P
P
p
PP
Bra
arud
osph
aera
big
elow
iR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Cocc
oli
thus
pel
agic
us
R
A
R
R
R
F
C
F
R
R
R
F
F
F
R
R
R
F
R
R
R
R
R
R
F
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Cyc
loco
ccoli
thin
a
lepto
pora
R
R
RR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Em
ilia
nia
ann
ula
R
R
R
E.
huxl
eyi
R
C
F
R
R
C
C
R
F
E.
ova
ta
R
R
R
Gep
hyro
caps
a ca
ribbea
nic
a
C
R
F
R
R
R
F
F
R
R
R
G.
doro
nic
oid
es
R
F
F
C
R
F
R
R
R
R
R
R
F
R
R
G.
oce
anic
a
R
R
C
F
F
F
A
A
F
C
R
F
R
F
R
F
R
R
R
Hel
icop
onto
spha
era
kam
ptne
ri
|
R
R
R
R
R
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R
R
Um
bili
cosp
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a cr
ico
ta
R
Brönnimann, P. and Stradner, H., 1960. Die Foraminiferen-und Discoasteriden-zonen von Kuba and ibre interkon-tinentale Korrelation: Erdoel-Z., v. 76, p. 364-369.
Bukry, D., 1970. Coccolith age determinations, Leg 4, DeepSea Drilling Project. In Bader, R.G., et al., Initial Reportsof the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Volume 4: Washington(U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 375-381.
, 1971a. Cenozoic calcareous nannofossils from thePacific Ocean: San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. Trans., v. 16, p.303-328.
1971b. Discoaster evolutionary trends:Micropaleontology, v. 17, p. 43-52.
1973a. Coccolith stratigraphy, eastern equatorialPacific, Leg 16 Deep Sea Drilling Project. In van Andel,T.H., Heath, G.R., et al., Initial Reports of the Deep SeaDrilling Project, Volume 16: Washington (U.S. Govern-ment Printing Office), p. 653-711.
1973b. Low-latitude Coccolith biostratigraphiczonation. In Edgar, N.T., Saunders, J.B., et al., InitialReports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Volume15: Washington (U.S. Government Printing Office), p.685-703.
., 1973c. Phytoplankton stratigraphy, Deep Sea Drill-
Drilling Project, Volume 20: Washington (U.S. Govern-ment Printing Office), p. 307-317.
Bukry, D. and Bramlette, M.N., 1968. Stratigraphicsignificance of two genera of Tertiary calcareous nan-nofossils: Tulane Stud. Geol. Paleontol., v. 6, p. 149-155.
, 1969. Some new and stratigraphically usefulcalcareous nannofossils of the Cenozoic: Tulane Stud.Geol. Paleontol., v. 7, p. 131-142.
Bukry, D. and Percival, S.F., 1971. New Tertiary calcareousnannofossils: Tulane Stud. Geol. Paleontol., v. 8, p. 123-146.
Cohen, C.L.D., 1964. Coccolithophorids from two Caribbeandeep-sea cores: Micropaleontology, v. 10, p. 231-250.
Cohen, C.L.D. and Reinhardt, P., 1968. Coccolithophoridsfrom the Pleistocene Caribbean deep-sea core CP-28: N.Jb. Geol. Palaont., Abhandl., v. 131, p. 289-304.
Deflandre, G., 1942. Coccolithophoridées fossiles d'oraniegenres Scyphosphαerα Lohmann et ThorosphαerαOstfeld: Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bull., v. 77, p. 125-137.
, 1947. Braarudosphaera nov. gen., type d'une famillenouvelle de Coccolithophoridés actuels à elements com-posites: C.R. Acad. Sci., Paris, v. 225, p. 439-441.
1953. Hétèrogenéité intrinséque et pluralité deselements dans les coccolithes actuels et fossils: C. R. Acad.Sci., Paris, v. 237, p. 1785-1787.
Deflandre, G. and Fert, C, 1954. Observations sur les Coc-colithophoridés actuels et fossiles en microscope ordinaireet electronique: Ann. Paleontol., v. 40, p. 117-176.
Ellis, C.H., Lohman, W.H., and Wray, J.L., 1972. UpperCenozoic calcareous nannofossils from the Gulf of Mexico(Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 1, Site 3): Colorado SchoolMines Quart., v. 67, 103 p.
Gaarder, K.R., 1970. Three new taxa of Coccolithineae: Nytt.Mag. Bot., v. 17, p. 113-126.
Gartner, S., Jr., 1967. Calcareous nannofossils from Neogeneof Trinidad, Jamaica, and Gulf of Mexico: Kansas Univ.Paleontol. Contr., Paper 29, p. 1-7.
, 1969a. Two new calcareous nannofossils from theGulf Coast Eocene: Micropaleontology, v. 15, p. 31-34.
1969b. Correlation of Neogene planktonic
ing Project Leg 20, western Pacific Ocean. In Heezen, B.C.,MacGregor, I.D., et al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea
foraminifer and calcareous nannofossil zones: Gulf CoastAssoc. Geol. Soc. Trans., v. 19, p. 585-599.
Gartner, S., Jr., and Smith, L.A., 1967. Coccoliths and relatedcalcareous nannofossils from the Yazoo Formation(Jackson, Late Eocene) of Louisiana: Kansas Univ.Paleontol. Contr., Paper 20, p. 1-7.
Gran, H.H. and Braarud, T., 1935. A qualitative study of thephytoplankton in the Bay of Fundy and the Gulf ofMaine: J. Biol. Board Canada, v. 1, p. 279-467.
Grassé, P.P., 1952. Traité de Zoologie: Anatomie, systémati-que, biologie:, v. 1, fasc. 1: Phylogénie. Protozoaires:genéralités. Flagellés. Paris (Masson).
Haq, B.U., 1966. Electron microscope studies on some UpperEocene calcareous nannoplankton from Syria: StockholmContr. Geol., v. 15, p. 23-37.
Haq, B.U., 1973. Evolutionary trends in the Cenozoic coc-colithophore genus Helicopontosphaera: Micropaleont-ology, v. 19, p. 32-52.
Hay, W.W., 1970. Calcareous nannofossils from coresrecovered on Leg 4. In Bader, R.G., Gerard, R.D., et al.,Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Volume 4:Washington (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 455-501.
Hay, W.W., Mohler, H., Roth, P.H., Schmidt, R.R., andBoudreaux, J.E., 1967. Calcareous nannoplankton zona-tion of the Cenozoic of the Gulf Coast and Caribbean-Antillean area, and transoceanic correlation: Gulf CoastAssoc. Geol. Soc. Trans., v. 17, p. 428-480.
674
CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
TABLE 11Nannofossil Occurrences at Sites 300, 30]
SITES 300, 301 & 302
AGE
HO
L<
NANNO-FOSSILZONE
ORSUBZONE
Emilianiahuxleyi
SITE,CORE,
SECTION,INTERVAL
(cm)
SITE 3001 cc2 cc
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Emilianiahuxleyi
G. oceanicaG. caribb.
?
SITE 3012-3, 45-462-5, 120-1212 cc4 cc6 cc
PMMGM
R RRRR
A R
R C
RC
RAF
RR R
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PLEI
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?
SITE 3021 cc2 cc3-2, 36-373-4, 50-513 cc4-2, 70-715 cc10 cc11 cc14 cc16 cc17-2, 70-71
MMPM
PPPPM
PPP
R
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Hay, W.W., Mohler, H.P., and Wade, M.E., 1966. Calcareousnannofossils from Narchik (Northwest Caucasus): Ecolog.Geol. Helv., v. 59, p. 379-399.
Kamptner, E., 1937. Neue und bermerkenswerte Coccolithi-neen aus dem Mittelmeer: Arch. Protistenk., v. 89, p. 279-316.
, 1943. Zur revision der coccolithineen-spezies Pon-tosphαerα huxleyi: Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math-Naturw., Kl.80, p. 43-49.
, 1948. Coccolithen aus dem Torton des InneralpinenWiener Beckens: Sitz.-Ber. Osterr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturw. Kl., Abt. I, v. 157, p. 1-16.
., 1954. Untersuchungen über den Feinbau der coc-colithen: Arch. Protistenk., v. 100, p. 1-90.
, 1963. Coccol i th ineen-Skele t t res te ausTiefseeablagerungen des Pazifischen Ozeans: Ann. Naturh.Mus. Wien, v. 66, p. 139-204.
Kamptner, E., 1967. Kalkfalgellaten-Skelettreste ausTiefseeschlamm des Sudatlantik: Ann. Naturh. Mus. Wien,v. 71, p. 117-198.
Levin, H.L., 1965. Coccolithophoridae and relatedmicrofossils from the Yazoo Formation (Eocene) ofMississippi: J. Paleontol., v. 39, p. 265-272.
Loeblich, A.R., Jr., and Tappan, H., 1966. Annotated indexand bibliography of the calcareous nannoplankton:Phycologia, v. 5, p. 81-216.
, 1968. Annotated index and bibliography of thecalcareous nannoplankton II: J. Paleontol., v. 42, p. 584-598.
675
C. H. ELLIS
, 1969. Annotated index and bibliography of thecalcareous nannoplankton III: J. Paleontol., v. 43, p. 568-588.
1970a. Annotated index and bibliography of thecalcareous nannoplankton IV: J. Paleontol., v. 44, p. 558-574.
1970b. Annotated index and bibliography of thecalcareous nannoplankton V: Phycologia, v. 9, p. 157-174.
1971. Annotated index and bibliography of thecalcareous nannoplankton VI: Phycologia, v. 10, p. 315-339.
, 1973. Annotated index and bibliography of thecalcareous nannoplankton VII: J. Paleontol., v. 47, p. 715-759.
Lohmann, H., 1902. Die Coccolithophoridae, einemonographie der coccolithen bildenden Flagellaten,zugleich ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Mittelmeerauf-triebs: Arch. Protistenk., v. 1, p. 89-165.
Markali, J. and Paasche, E., 1955. On two species ofUmbellosphaera, a new marine coccolithophoridgenus: Nytt. Mag. Bot., v. 4, p. 95-100.
Martini, E., 1958. Discoasteriden und verwandte formen inNW-deutschen EozSn (Coccolithophorida): Senckenb.Lethaea, v. 39, p. 353-388.
, 1965. Mid-Tertiary calcareous nannoplankton fromPacific deep-sea cores: Symp. Colston Res. Soc. Proc.17th, p. 393-411.
., 1969. Nannoplankton aus dem Miozà"n von Gabon(Westafrika): N. J. Geol. Palaont., Abhandl., v. 132. p.285-300.
., 1971. Standard Tertiary and Quaternary calcareousnannoplankton zonation: In Farinacci, A. (Ed.), Plank.Conf., Roma, 1970 Proc, Rome (Tecnoscienza), v. 2, p.738-785.
Martini, E. and Bramlette, M.N., 1963. Calcareous nan-noplankton from the experimental Mohole drilling: J.Paleontol., v. 37, p. 845-856.
Martini, E. and Ritzkowski, S., 1968. Was is das "Unter-Oligocan"?: Nachr. Akad. Wiss. Göttingen, II Math.-Phys. Kl., Jahrg. 1968, p. 231-249.
Martini, E. and Worsley, T., 1970. Standard Neogenecalcareous nannoplankton zonation: Nature, v. 115, p.289-290.
MUller, C, 1970. Nannoplankton aus dem Mittel-Oligozanvon Norddeutschland und Belgien: N. Jb. Geol. Palaont.,Abhandl., v. 135, p. 82-101.
Murray, G. and Blackman, V.H., 1898. On the nature of thecoccospheres and rhabdospheres: Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.Lond., ser. B, v. 190, p. 427-441.
Roth, P.H., 1970. Oligocene calcareous nannoplanktonbiostratigraphy: Ecolog. Geol. Helv., v. 63, p. 799-881.
, 1973. Calcareous nannofossils—Leg 17, Deep SeaDrilling Project. In Winterer, E.L., Ewing, J.L., et al.,Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Volume17: Washington (U.S. Government Printing Office), p.695-795.
Roth, P.H., Franz, H.E., and Wise, S.W., Jr., 1971.Morphological study of selected members of the genusSphenolithus Deflandre (Incertae sedis, Tertiary). InFarinacci, A. (Ed.) Plank. Conf. 2nd, Rome, Proc. 1970,Roma (Tecnoscienza), v. 2, p. 1099-1119.
Roth, P.H. and Thierstein, H.R., 1972. Calcareous nan-noplankton, Leg 14 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. InHayes, D.E., Pimm, A.C., et al., Initial Reports of theDeep Sea Drilling Project, Volume 14: Washington (U.S.Government Printing Office), p. 421-485.
Schiller, J., 1930. Coccolithineae: In Rabenhorst, L.,Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und derSchweiz: Leipzig, Akad. Verlagsgesellschaft, v. 10, no. 2, p.89-267.
Stradner, H., 1961. Vorkommen von nannofossilien imMesozoikum und AlttertiSr: Erdoel-Z., v. 77, p. 77-88.
Tan Sin Hok, 1927. Over de samenstelling en het onstaan vankrijt en mergelgesteenten van de Molukken: Jb. Mijnw.Nederl.-Indië, v. 55, p. 111-122.
Wallich, G.G., 1877. Observations on the coccosphere: Ann.Mag. Nat. Hist., v. 19, 4th ser., p. 342-350.
Weber-Van Bosse, A., 1901. Etudes sur les algues de 1'ArchipelMalaisien. III. Note préliminaire sur les résultats algologi-ques de Pexpédition du Siboga: Ann. Jard. Bot. Buiten-zorg, v. 17, p. 126-141.
Wilcoxon, J.A., 1970. Cyclococcolithina Wilcoxon nom. nov.(Norn. Subst. pro Cyclococcolithus Kamptner,1954): Tulane Stud. Geol. Paleontol., v. 8, p. 82-83.
676