330 ad 1453 ad - allen independent school district · because of justinian's laws and economy...
TRANSCRIPT
330 AD – 1453 AD
After the fall of Rome emperor Constantine moved his capital from Rome to the ancient city of Byzantium in 33o C.E. This city eventually became known as Constantinople.
After Constantine’s reign, power was usually divided between two emperors. One was based in Rome, and one in Constantinople.
After the fall of Rome, the eastern half of the empire continued for another 1,000 years. Today we call this eastern empire the Byzantine Empire, after Byzantium, the original name of its capital city.
This great empire straddled two continents, Europe and Asia. It lasted from about 500 to 1453 C.E. when it was conquered by the Ottoman Turks.
East and west did remain connected for a time through a shared Christian faith. BUT the church in the east developed in its own unique way. It became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Over time, Byzantine emperors and church officials came into conflict with the pope in Rome.
The conflict led to a permanent split, or schism, between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.
In this assignment, you will learn about the Byzantine Empire, one of its greatest emperors, and its distinctive church.
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Emperor Constantine takes power of the Roman Empire in the year 312 AD. He took two steps that changed the course of European History
Step 1 – Granted tolerance to Christians
Step 2 – Built new Capital (Constantinople)
Constantinople and Rome were on different ends of the falling Roman Empire
Germanic invaders pounded the Roman Empire in the West
Constantinople was not being invaded and was thriving as a trade center
One would crumble, one would thrive
Byzantine Empire
The “new Rome”
Symbol of Roman Civilization
Byzantine Empire: Greek, Roman, and Christian influences
Change from one way of life to another
Society goes backwards
Trade ends and back to farming
Cities not important
Western Europe
VS.
Byzantine Empire
Language: Greek
LOCATION Shores of the Bosporus
Strait – Commanded key trade routes, busiest marketplace, linked Europe to Asia
Eastern Europe is home to many different traditions.
What does this cause?
Latin and German languages
LOCATION
Western Europe, central Italy along the Tiber River
Western Europe
VS.
Sunset on the “Golden Horn”
*Schism (Def: permanent split)! In 1054, a feud with the Roman Pope over holy images. The Byzantine church outlawed praying to images = Pope excommunicated Byzantine Emperor. This is called the Schism of 1054.
Resulted in TWO Christian Churches:
Eastern (Greek) Orthodox in Byzantine Empire
Roman Catholic in Western Europe
Byzantine Empire Roman Catholic Church
Christianity
Church is the most powerful – Papal Supremacy
Priests cannot marry
Christmas most important holiday
Latin services
Western Europe
Eastern Orthodox Church
Christianity
Emperor ruled over church
Rejected Pope’s authority
Easter most important holiday
Priests could marry
Byzantine Empire
Strongest ruler: Justinian – determined to revive classical Rome
Absolute power along with wife Theodora
Weak rulers after Justinian died, but empire was able to thrive because of Justinian's laws and economy
No significant strong leaders other than the Pope
Power moved to Germany
1st “leader” was Charlemagne (800 AD)
Western Europe
Emperor Justinian [r. 527-564]
Empress Theodora
Justinian’s Empire at its Peak
Reconquered western provinces (North Africa, Italy, and Spain)
Beautified Constantinople
Justinian’s Code: Collected and revised ancient Roman laws (most important)
Byzantine Empire
Justinian’s Code – “Body of civil law”
Laws passed by Roman assemblies, emperors, or judges
Passed to western Europe by 100 AD- used by Medieval monarchs and churches
Used in international law today
Legal system evolved into “might is right”
Strongest wins (Bully System)
Laws of Rome forgotten
Feudal society
Western Europe
Byzantine Empire
Studies emphasized:
Hellenistic Culture
Greek Philosophy
Roman Law
Christian influences
Learning was not important
Church (not education) guided people
Western Europe
Byzantine Empire
Restore Roman glory
Large domes
Marble
Mosaic
Example: Hagia Sophia (Church of Holy Wisdom), later a mosque, now a museum
Return to farms
Cities not important
Western Europe
Nicknamed the “New Rome”
Location made it Europe’s busiest market place
Major architectural achievements:
Hippodrome Arena built in 200’s for
entertainment
Hagia Sophia “Holy Wisdom” Built during Justinian Age Largest cathedral for 1000 yrs Cathedral/Mosque/Museum
