3.3 eo - fundamentals of telecom - wireless

7/24/2019 3.3 EO - Fundamentals of Telecom - Wireless

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TCS Internal

Wireless Communication An Overview


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26 November 2008TCS Internal

Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of wires.

The term is commonly used in telecommunications to refer to systems which communicate using:

1) Radio frequency (RF)

2) Microwaves

3) Infrared light

4) Laser light

5) Visible light

6) Acoustic energy

Information is transferred in this manner over both short and long distances.

Wireless CommunicationWireless Communication


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Radio Communication Technologies:

1) FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access

2) TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

3) CDMA Code Division Multiple Access


Mobile Phones also work on these Radio Communication Technologies.

Disclaimer: Though you will see Wireless Communication mentioned over this and the next few slides, we will limit ourselves only

to Mobile Phone technologies and services.

What is Radio Communication?

It is the transmission of signals, by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of

visible light. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass

through the air and the vacuum of space.


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Evolution of Mobile Communication Technologies

Just as radio communication saw an evolution from FDMA to CDMA, Mobile Communications also

evolved

First Generation (1G) : Analog Cellular

Second Generation (2G): 2G GSM & cdmaone, 2.5G GPRS, 2.75G EDGE

Third Generation (3G) : CDMA2000, WCDMA

Fourth Generation (4G) : 3GPP LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project - Long Term

Evolution)



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Parts of a Mobile

Display

Antenna

Battery Keypad

Charging block

Phone flex cable



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The mobile phone (also called a wireless phone or cellular

phone) is a short-range, portable electronic device used for

mobile voice or data communication over a network of

specialized base stations known as cell sites.



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Base TransceiverStation

Base StationController

Mobile SwitchingCenter


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BSCMSC

HLR

VLR

PSTN

BTS

Wireless network connectivityWireless network connectivity

BTS: Base Transceiver Station the radio transceivers that define a cell and handles the radio link

protocols with the mobile station

BSC: Base Station Controller manages the radio resources for one or more BTS. It handles radio

channel setup.

MSC: Mobile Service Switching Center acts like a normal switching node of the PSTN, and additionallyprovides all the functionality needed to handle a mobile subscriber, such as registration, authentication,

location updating and call routing to a roaming subscriber



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Base Transceiver StationBase Transceiver Station

BaseStationContro

ller

BaseStationContro

ller

Mo

bileSwitchingCenter

Mo

bileSwitchingCenter

MainSwitch

MainSwitch--POI

POI

PSTN

Excha

nge

PSTN

Excha

nge

Call Scenario - Mobile To Fixed


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B

aseStationCon

troller

B

aseStationCon

troller

MobileSwitchingC

enter

M

obileSwitchingC

enter

BaseStationController

BaseStationController


Call Scenario - Mobile To Mobile


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Mobile Phone Communication Technology - Standards

Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) is a cellular network, which means that mobile phones

connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity. The SIM contains all the subscriber-related

information stored on the user's side of the radio interface. This works on TDMA technology, and GSM

belongs to 2G technology.General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet oriented Mobile Data Service available to users of Global

System for Mobile Communications (GSM) mobile phones. It provides data rates from 56 kbps up to 114 kbps.

GPRS is referred to as 2.5G.

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) or Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS) is a digital mobile phone

technology that allows increased data transmission rates and improved data transmission reliability. EDGE isgenerally classified as 2.75G, although it is part of ITU's 3G definition. EDGE can carry data speeds up to

473.6 kbps.


CDMAONE - GSM used TDMA technology, which limited the no. of communication channels at a given point of

time. However, cdmaone worked on the CDMA technology, which allowed sharing of all frequencies by codingeach channel of communication. cdmaone belonged to the 2G era. An advancement in this saw the

development of CDMA2000, which is a CDMA technology, working in the 3G arena.


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Its a new non-voice value added service that allows information to be sent and received across amobile telephone network.

Supplements Circuit Switched Data and Short Message Service

Features:

Speed

Immediacy

New Applications, Better Applications

To use GPRS users specifically need: a mobile phone that supports GPRS

a subscription to a mobile telephone network that supports GPRS

knowledge of how to send and/ or receive GPRS information

a destination to send or receive information through GPRS.


GPRS: General Packet Radio Service


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GPRS


Wi l C i i


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EDGE: Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution

EDGE is a 3G Technology offering a common migration path and convergence of GSM and TDMAoperators.

EDGE supports IP packet data at peak rates

EDGE is three times faster than GPRS.

EDGE is easy to install (Compatible with existing equipment)

EDGE is a GSM technology.


Wi l C i iWi l C i ti


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WCDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access is the worlds leading 3G technology, with datarates up to 100 times those of todays networks.

It helps in providing mobile users with data rates up to 2 mbps.

WCDMA is an Ultra high speed, Ultra high-capacity radio technology that generates and carries anew range of rich, fast, colorful media.

WCDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access


Wi l C i tiWi l C i ti


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WCDMA


Wi l C i tiWi l C i ti


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Abbreviations Explanation

AUC Authentication Centre

BSC Base Station Controller

BSS Base Station Subsystem

BTS Base Transceiver Station

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

EIR Equipment Identity Register

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

GSM Global System for Mobile CommunicationHLR Home Location Register

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

VLR Visitor Location Register

WAP Wireless Application Protocol

WML Wireless Markup Language


Wi l C i tiWireless Communication


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Roaming An Important Feature

It is extending of connectivity service in a location that is different from the home location where the

service was registered

It is the ability for cellular customers to make and receive voice calls, send and receive data, access

other services when traveling outside of the home network.

Types of Roaming

SIM based roaming

Username/password based roaming

Mobile Signature Roaming

Trombone roaming

Roaming Process

New "visited" network sees the device

Visited network gathers service information from home network with reference to IMSI

The visited network begins to maintain a temporary subscriber record


Scope of Roaming:

Regional

National

International



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Mobile Value Added Services

SMS Based Services

Subscription Alert Services

MMS Multimedia Messaging Services




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WirelessWireless CommunicationCommunication


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Subscription Alert Services

The Service provides a customer the ability to subscribe for Alerts, which

will be pushed to him or her on a regular basis as an SMS. Service

provider brings you a daily dose of New Information. Each service @ Rs

30 p.m.


WirelessWireless CommunicationCommunication



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MMS Multimedia Messaging Services

This is an advanced version of SMS but works on GPRS technology

Enables the user to send pictures, text and voice at one go through their MMS

handsets.

Colour pictures can be sent.

Photographs can be clicked and sent.

Voice/Sound clips can be attached to the messages.

Messages can be sent to either another phone or an e-mail ID.





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Pre-requisites for MMS

MMS enabled handset.

Activate the facility in the system

Settings for MMS. Settings can be done through automatic mode & manual

mode.

For automatic settings Type MMS and SMS to 2567

Charges : Rs.5/ outgoing message & no rental.

Both prepaid & postpaid customers can use this facility. Can be used while

roaming with network.


Q ti ?


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Questions?

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