33 a.d. – 313 a.d.. christianity spreads throughout the roman empire extremely fast! 1. divine...
TRANSCRIPT
EARLY CHURCH33 A.D. – 313 A.D.
Rapid Growth of Christianity
Christianity spreads throughout the Roman Empire EXTREMELY FAST!
1. Divine Assistance – help from J.C. and H.S.2. Zeal of evangelists and converts 3. “Catholic” or universal – this religion is for all4. Sense of unity
This quick expansion of the new religion causes Roman and Jewish authority’s fear and suspicion.
Beliefs and Practices
Baptism Sunday as the Sabbath Mass/Holy Eucharist (Body, Blood, Soul,
and Divinity) Sacred Scripture used, not official Bible
until 4th c. Non-violent Against abortion and contraception Taught love and equality
House Liturgies
Eucharist is at the heart of Christian worship.
Mass celebrations occurred within private homes or in catacombs. Had to be secret due to persecutions. Liturgy of the Word Liturgy of the Eucharist
Some churches were built when tolerant Emperors ruled, often destroyed under future persecutions though.
Hierarchy Different people have different roles within
the Church which determine their level of leadership and responsibility
Based on Paul’s teaching that the different members of the Body of Christ have different functions
From the early Church the roles and responsibilities of bishops, priests, deacons and laypeople were standard
The formalities of the different roles developed with time as need arose
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Early Church Hierarchy
Bishops – name comes from Greek word for supervisor, regional leaders under the authority of the pope (the Bishop of Rome, called the 1st among equals)
Deacon/Deaconess – supported the ministry of the Bishop especially related to taking care of people with special needs
Presbyters – name comes from the word for elder; exclusive representatives of the bishop as Christian communities grew (equivalent of modern day priests)
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Persecution and Martyrdom
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Timed Round Robin
Same as Round Robin except each person has 20 seconds to answer an open ended question.
Describe a time you have been of seen someone be “persecuted for their faith.
Martyrdom
Martyr – Greek for “witness” First known Christian martyr: St. Stephen
Feast day: December 26th – immediately after Christmas - a way of making us aware of the early Church
Early Christians expected to die for Christ. Their love and zeal for Jesus and each other is HUGE.
Immense suffering was endured in the name of Christ.
Persecutions a program or campaign to exterminate,
drive away, or subjugate a people because of their religion, race or beliefs. Remember the “Protomartyr” Stephen. Stoned
to death outside of Jerusalem.
• Christians are persecuted all over including Syria, Greece, Asia Minor, and Europe (France and Spain).
The Roman persecution is perhaps the most infamous.
Romans tolerated Christianity (because of their tolerance of Judaism) until it came into direct conflict with the desires of the emperorEx: Emperor worship
History of Roman Persecutions
64: Nero (scapegoat for his fire)- “Christiani non Sint”
81: Domitian (1st “worldwide”) 98: Trajan (do not seek Christians –
but punish if reported and convicted)
138: Antonius Pius 161: Marcus Aurelius 193: Septimus Severus
211: First Era of Peace
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250: Decius (Required public worship of Roman gods) – Disappointing amount of apostates.
257: Valerian
260: Second Era of Peace
303: Dioceltian’s Great Persecution – very effective ruler who divided the empire into sections called dioceses as a way of controlling the empire’s growing problems
313: Edict of Milan ends major Roman Persecutions (next Chapter)
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St. Ignatius of Antioch Letter to the Romans
Read Chapter 1-8. Each member should read 2
paragraphs to their team.
Questions to Answer (separate sheet)1. Why does Ignatius not want to be
saved from his death?2. How does he expect/want to die?3. What things is Ignatius willing to go
through so long as he attains Christ?4. Having read the Letter what are
your impressions of Ignatius?5. What can you relate the passion and
zeal of Ignatius to in you own lives?
Primary SourceThe following account was written by the Roman historian Tacitus in his book Annals published a few years after the event. Tacitus was a young boy living in Rome during the time of the persecutions.
"Therefore, to stop the rumor [that he had set Rome on fire], he [Emperor Nero] falsely charged with guilt, and punished with the most fearful tortures, the persons commonly called Christians, who were [generally] hated for their enormities. Christus, the founder of that name, was put to death as a criminal by Pontius Pilate, procurator of Judea, in the reign of Tiberius, but the pernicious superstition - repressed for a time, broke out yet again, not only through Judea, - where the mischief originated, but through the city of Rome also, whither all things horrible and disgraceful flow from all quarters, as to a common receptacle, and where they are encouraged. Accordingly first those were arrested who confessed they were Christians; next on their information, a vast multitude were convicted, not so much on the charge of burning the city, as of "hating the human race."
Why is this happening? (Causes of Persectution)
Christians were not pagan Christians believed in equality
Romans feared slave rebellion Emperors were not worshipped or seen as
divine. • Rumors and fallacies about Christianity
also sparked persecutions.• Eucharist thought to be cannibalism• Idea of “brothers/sisters” of Christ
thought to bring about incest.
Effects of PersecutionI.UNITY - Created a profound unity among the Christians and led to a more organized structureII. MORE CHRISTIANS -Increased the number of converts
People thought that there must be something to the faith if these people were willing to die for it.
III. MORE PERSECUTIONS - Frustration grew among the oppressors and set off more persecution
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Catacombs An underground series of tunnels,
chambers and tombs dug by Christians to serve as burial places, shrines, and places of worship.
Many martyrs and Christians were buried within these underground cemeteries.
Martyrs of the Church
“The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Church” – Tertullian.
St. Ignatius (50-107 A.D.) – First to use “Catholic Church” – eaten by lions
St. Justin Martyr (100-165 A.D.)- Great apologist of the faith- scourged and beheaded.
St. Irenaeus (130-202 A.D.)- Orthodox defender of the Faith
St. Clement of Rome – His letters to the Corinthians = first evidence of Papal Primacy.
Heresy in the Early Church
Gnosticism Marcionism (144-400’s) Manichaeism (250’s – 1000’s) Montanism (156-200’s) Docetism (30’s -100)
Apologists-They’re not sorry
Apologetics- The defense of the Faith. Coming from the Greek word apologia meaning “defense.”• St. Aristides• St. Justin
Martyr• Tatian• Athenagoras• St. Thepophilus• Minucius Felix• Tertullian
Gnosticism
Gnosticism – thought to predate Christianity but borrows and copies many rites and figures. Believe that the Spirit is good and matter is
bad- “dualism.” Comes from Greek word gnosis meaning
knowledge Denied the Incarnation (God Who is good
could not have taken on a body which is evil. Proved this with “secret knowledge”
Gnosticism Continued
(114) Simon Peter said to him, "Let Mary leave us, for women are not worthy of life." Jesus said, "I myself shall lead her in order to make her male, so that she too may become a living spirit resembling you males. For every woman who will make herself male will enter the kingdom of heaven." – Gospel of Thomas (Gnostic literature).