3200 jaguar run, tracy, ca 95377 (209) 832-6600 fax … · 2017-05-23 · 3200 jaguar run, tracy,...

3200 Jaguar Run, Tracy, CA 95377

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Dear English 1 Pre-AP Student: Welcome to Kimball High’s English Pre-Advanced Placement program. The rigorous Pre-AP classes that are offered at both the freshman and sophomore level are designed to prepare students for the Advanced Placement program. You will be reading several excellent works during the next few years, summarizing and analyzing non-fiction writings, learning how to write an analytical essay, and building your vocabulary. Summer Reading Assignment One: Read the epic poem, The Odyssey, Books I-VIII, by Homer. Students will take an objective test about the epic poem’s Book I-VIII at the beginning of the school year. Summer Reading Assignment Two: Read The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros. Summer Reading Assignment Two Poster Assignment: Students are to create a poster (standard poster size: 22”x 28”) that describes five different houses or locations on Mango Street. List the names of the people who live at or frequent each location, use direct quotations and cite page numbers from the novel to describe each location. Describe what major event happens at each location. Print your name and class period on the back of the poster. Due the first day of class. The summer reading assignments must be completed by the first day of school and will be included in your first quarter grade. The books are available for check out in the Kimball High School Library beginning after school on Friday, May 26. Kimball High School Library is open five days after school ends, from 7:45 a.m. to 3:45 p.m., Tuesday through Friday, May 30 through June 2, and from 7:45 a.m. to 1 p.m., Monday, June 5, for summer assignment materials check out. If you read the books early in the summer, it would be wise to review the material just before classes begin. Academic English Below are the terms and definitions for Academic English that we will be using during this upcoming year in a chart form that must be completed by the first day of classes. Students will be expected to know these terms and will be tested on them during the first month of school. The image/symbol is a visual representation of the academic term. If you have any questions, I, Jack Eddy, can be reached at [email protected] throughout the summer. Academic Terms English 1 Pre-AP: Academic Vocabulary Chapter 1

Word Definition Synonym Sentence Image/Symbol

Plot A series of related events

in a story, each

connected to the next.

Sequence The order in which a

story’s events take place

Exposition or

Basic Situation

The opening of a story,

when the characters and

their conflicts are

introduced

Internal

Conflict

A struggle that takes

place within a character’s

mind and heart.

External

Conflict


place between two

characters; between a

character and a group; or

between a character and

an animal or a force in

nature.

Climax The most exciting part of

a story; the moment

when the outcome of the

conflict is determined.

The climax usually

comes near the end of a

short story.

Resolution Also called denouement.

The very end of the story,

when loose ends of the

plot are tied up.

Flashback An action that interrupts

the story to introduce an

event that took place in

the past

Flash-forward An action that jumps

ahead of the story to

narrate an event that

happens at a later time

Foreshadowing Hints in the story that

certain events are going

to happen later

Setting The time and place in

which the story happens

Atmosphere Mood or feelings brought

on by a story’s setting

English 1 Pre-AP: Academic Vocabulary Chapter 2

Word Definition Synonyms Sentence Image/Symbol

Direct

Characterization

Writers tell us directly

what a character is like

(“good” or “evil” or

“lazy”)

Indirect

Characterization

You use clues in the

story to decide what kind

of person a character is.

Clues may be

descriptions of how the

character acts, speaks,

and thinks and how other

people respond to the

character

Protagonist The main character in a

story

Antagonist The character that the

main character

(protagonist) struggles

against

Subordinate

Characters

Minor characters in the

story

Flat Character A character who is not

fully developed in the

story. A flat character is

almost never the main

character.

Round

Character

A character who is fully

developed, just as a

person in actual life is.

Dynamic

Character

A character who changes

during the story. The

change might involve

recognition of some truth

about life.

Static Character A character who does not

change during the story

Motivations The reasons behind a

character’s actions and

feelings

Dialogue The conversations

characters have with

other characters

First-person

Narration

A story told by an “I”

narrator. An “I” narrator

is a character in the story



Narrator The teller of the story

Omniscient

Point of View

The narrator can tell us

everything about the

characters, including how

they think and feel. The

narrator is not a character

in the story. Narrator is

“all knowing”

Third-person-

limited

Narrator

A narrator that is not a

character in the story

Focuses on only one

character’s actions and

feelings. First-person

narrator

A character in the story

who refers to himself or

herself as I or me.

In a story told from the

first-person point of

view, the reader knows

only what this narrator

knows and chooses to

reveal.

Credible

Narrator

A narrator that is

trustworthy. The reader

can believe what the

character is telling us.

Unreliable

Narrator

A narrator that might not

always tell the truth

about characters or

events in the story.

Diction

The writer’s choice of

words

Tone The writer’s attitude

toward the subject of a

story, toward a character,

or toward the audience. A

story’s tone can be

described by words like

humorous, serious, sad,

sarcastic, sympathetic.

Voice The writer’s use of

language and overall

style, created by tone and

choice of words.


Word Definition Sentence Image/Symbol

Subject The topic of a work of

literature. The subject

can usually be stated in a

single word or phrase

such as love, war,

childhood, growing up,

aging.

Theme The general idea or

insight about human life

that a work of literature

reveals and can be stated

in one or more sentences.

Generalization A broad statement that

applies to many

individuals, experiences,

or observations and a

type of conclusion that is

drawn after considering

as many facts as possible.

Genre The different forms of

literature that include

short stories, novels,

plays, and poems.

Universal

Themes

Themes that can be found

in literature from

different times, countries,

and cultures and that

cross genres as well as

national boundaries,

languages, customs, and

historic periods.

External

Conflict

A character struggle

against an opposing force

such as another character,

society as a whole or a

force of nature.

Internal

Conflict


place within a character’s

own mind. It is a struggle

between opposing needs,

desires, or emotions.



Verbal Irony Occurs when someone

says something but

means the opposite.

Example: “Nice shot”

you say as your friend

totally misses the

garbage can.

Situational

Irony

Refers to an event that is

contrary to, or the

opposite of, what we

expected. Example: The

firehouse burns down.

Dramatic Irony Takes place when we

know what is going to

happen to a character but

the character does not

know. Example:

We know the killer is in

the closet, but the soon to

be dead teenager opens it

to hide.

Ambiguity A quality that allows

something to be

interpreted in several

different or conflicting

ways. It lets you decide

what happens.

Irony The difference between

what we expect or what

seems suitable and what

actually happens.



Symbol An object, person, an

animal, or an event that

stands for something

more than itself.

Public Symbol A symbol that has

become widely

recognized. Example:

bald eagle (symbol of the

US) or the olive branch

(a symbol of peace)

Invented

Symbol

A symbol invented by the

writer, which usually

stands for something

abstract, such as evil,

innocence, or love.

Allegory A story in which

characters and settings

stand for something

beyond themselves,

usually virtues and vices.



Imagery Language that appeals to

one or more of the five

senses: sight, hearing,

taste, touch, and smell.

Figurative

Language

A word or phrase that

creates an imaginative

comparison and not

meant to be taken

literally. There are three

main types: simile,

metaphor, personification

Simile Compares two unlike

things by using a word

such as like or as.

Metaphor Compares two unlike

things without using like

or as. It is a direct

comparison.

Personification Type of metaphor in

which an object, animal,

or idea is talked about as

if it were human.

Rhyme The repetition of the

sound of the stressed

vowel and the rest of the

word.

Rhythm A musical quality based

on the pattern of stressed

and unstressed syllables.

Free verse Poetry that does not

follow a regular pattern

of rhyme and meter.

It sounds like ordinary

conversation.

Onomatopoeia The use of words that

sound like what they

mean.

Alliteration The repetition of

consonant sounds

(usually in the beginning

of words) that appear

close together.



Sentence

Pattern

The length and

complexity of a writer’s

sentences, from short and

choppy to long and

elegant with multi-

syllable words.

Theme The general idea or

insight about human life

that a work of literature

reveals and can be stated

in one or more sentences.

Mood The feeling or

atmosphere of the story

created by the writer’s

diction and figures of

speech.

Diction

The writer’s choice of

words.

Tone The writer’s attitude

toward the subject of a

story, toward a character,

or toward the audience. A

story’s tone can be

described by words like

humorous, serious, sad,

sarcastic, sympathetic.



Historical

setting

The time and place of the

story.

Biographical

Dimension

The generational and

historical perspective of

the author.


Word Definition Sentence Image/Symbol

Epic A long narrative poem

that tells about the

adventures of a great

hero and embodies the

values of the people who

tell it.

Myths Traditional stories, rooted

in a particular culture,

that usually explain a

belief, a ritual, or a

mysterious natural

phenomenon. Most grew

out of religious rituals.

Tall Tale A humorous kind of folk

tale that uses a great deal

of exaggeration and is

not meant to be taken

very seriously.

Archetype Old patterns, characters,

or images that appear

over and over in works of

literature. They can be:

plots – quests for

something of value;

characters – innocent

hero; places – the

dragon’s lair; things – the

magical gold ring.

Homeric or

Heroic Simile

An extended simile with

elaborate descriptive

details that continues

over a number of lines.



Play A story acted out live,

using dialogue and

action.

Tragedy A play that presents

serious and important

actions and ends

unhappily for the main

character.

Tragic Hero An admirable figure who

has a personal failing that

leads to his or her

downfall.

Tragic Flaw A failing that leads a

character to make choices

that result in a tragedy.

Comedy A play that ends happily,

in which the main

character gets what he or

she wants.

Dialogue Conversations between

characters in a play.

Monologue A long speech made by

one character to one or

more other characters

onstage.

Soliloquy A speech made by a

character who is alone

onstage, speaking to

himself or herself or to

the audience.

Aside A short speech, delivered

to the audience or to

another character, that

others onstage are not

supposed to hear.

Stage Directions Descriptions of how

characters move onstage

and how they speak their

lines.

Props The portable items

(properties) that actors

carry or handle onstage.



Source A person, book, or

document that provides

information on a topic.

Elaboration The addition of ideas to

support the ideas already

presented in a work.

Synthesis The merging of

information gathered

from more than one

source.

Argument A series of statements

designed to convince the

reader to accept a claim,

or opinion.

Evidence Support for an idea,

including facts, statistics,

examples, anecdotes

(brief stories about real

people), and quotations.

Credibility

The believability of an

argument or statement.

Consumer

Documents

Documents used in

selling and buying of

products. Many

consumer documents,

such as warranties,

protect the rights of the

purchaser and the seller.

Public

Documents

Documents that inform

the public. They are

created by governmental,

social, religious, or news-

gathering organizations.

Workplace

Documents

Documents used in

offices, factories, and

other work sites to

communicate

information.

Technical

Documents

Documents used to

explain or establish

procedures for using

technology, such as

mechanical, electronic, or

digital products or

systems.

Functional

Documents

Any documents prepared

for a specific function,

such as consumer, public,

workplace, and technical

documents.