3/20 Warm UpWhat is the Act of Supremacy? Who is instated it and why?

What religion does Queen Elizabeth I establish in England? What is unique about this religion?

Who Created Calvinism? What is Calvinism? (what are their main beliefs)

Calvinism will spread to Scotland? Who is responsible for this expansion and what will Scottish followers be called?

What were the Jesuits and who was their founder?

ONCE FINISHED! GO TO EDMODO and complete the 19.1 Worksheet!

FINISH UP BY 11:30!

 

I CAN: Describe the Spanish conquest of the Americas

19.1 & 20.1: Spain Builds an American Empire

Define/ Describe:Columbus PizarroColonies AtahualpaVespucci IncaMagellan MeztizoConquistadors Encomienda System Cortez Ponce de Leon

Aztecs Cabral

 

H- 19.1: Europeans Explore the East p529-530 “For “God, Glory, & Gold” 1. What role did the Renaissance play in launching an age of exploration?   2. The desire to grow ________________ and to spread __________________, coupled with advances in _________________ spurred an age of European exploration.   3. Which trade goods did Europeans continue to demand after the Crusades?  4. Which 2 groups controlled the trade routes from East to West?   *5. How might the phrase “God, Glory, & Gold” summarize the European’s motivation for exploration?

 6. In what ways did Europeans owe some of their sailing technology to other people?

20.1: Spanish Conquests in the

Americas

Why did exploration occur?

Explorers:

1. Christopher Columbus-

On August 3, 1492 Columbus set Sail from Palos Spain with 3 ships & 88 men

What was the name of his ships?

What do you know about Christopher Columbus?

B.

Arawak men and women, naked, tawny, and full of wonder, emerged from their villages onto the island's beaches and swam out to get a closer look at the strange big boat. When Columbus and his sailors came ashore, carrying swords, speaking oddly, the Arawaks ran to greet them, brought them food, water, gifts. He later wrote of this in his log:

They ... brought us parrots and balls of cotton and spears and many other things, which they exchanged for the glass beads and hawks' bells. They willingly traded everything they owned... . They were well-built, with good bodies and handsome features.... They do not bear arms, and do not know them, for I showed them a sword, they took it by the edge and cut themselves out of ignorance. They have no iron. Their spears are made of cane... . They would make fine servants.... With fifty men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want.

What is Columbus’ impression of the Arawak?

2. Amerigo Vespucci-

1st to claim: the newly

discovered land was NOT part

of Asia but a NEW WORLD

What is named after Vespucci?

3. Ferdinand Magellan-

sailed around S. America & onto the Philippines where he was killed

Magellans crew was the 1st to

Circumnavigate the globe

Conquistadors: Spanish explorer/ fortune hunter

1. Hernando Cortez conquered the Aztecs

Where were the Aztecs located?

Montezuma (Aztec emperor) thought Cortez was a god

3 reasons for the Aztec defeat:

Superior Weapons

Local Allies

Disease

Montezuma welcomed Cortes to Tenochtitlan (the Aztec capital)

                                     

      

Cortez & Spanish soldiers confront the Indians

Cortes' massacred thousands of Aztec people

                                             

Conquistadors:

2. Francisco Pizarro defeated the Incans

Where were the Incans located? Atahualpa (Incan leader) was defeated quickly

Juan Ponce de Leon claimed modern-day Florida for Spain

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado led expeditions into present-day AZ, NM, TX, OK, & KS

In 1500, the explorer Cabral claimed Brazil for Portugal

*The only part of the new world NOT controlled by the Spanish (Treaty of Tordesailes) Found no gold/silver but began successful sugar industry

Pattern of Conquest Spanish Peninsulares imposed their culture upon

natives

Creation of a meztizo population

mistreatmentburned sacred objects, prohibited sacred rituals, forced religious conversions, abusive forced labor

Encomienda system(a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it)

Finding little gold, Priests settle in SW

Spanish priests pushed for better treatment of natives

led to the abolishment of the encomienda systemWhen the encomeinda system was abolished, where would labor come from?

1. How did the Renaissance encourage exploration?

2. Summarize motives for exploration.

3. What did Europeans get from others that helped them in the age of exploration?

4. What was the significance of Columbus’s voyages?

5. Who claimed that the land was NOT part of Asia but a “new world”

6. What was Magellan's crew able to do?

7. What is a conquistador?

8. Name 2 conquistadors.

9. What factors helped the Spanish defeat the Aztecs?

10. What was set up in Brazil?

11. How did the Spanish treat the Natives?

12. What is a mestizo?

13. What was the system where the Spanish king would grant...?

God, Glory, Gold

Mestizo

Inca

Atahualapa

Brazil

Ponce de Leon

Columbus

Cortez

“New World”

Encomienda System

Disease

• Sugar

• Montezuma

• Pizzaro

• Vesspucci

• Magellan

• Conquistador

• Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria

3/24 Warm Up 1. What was the French and Indian war about? What was

the result?

2. What was England’s first permanent colony? Was it

successful? What did the profit from?

3. What does the middle passage refer to?

4. Why did Europeans see Africans as a better source of

labor than African Americans?

5. How was Africa effects by the Atlantic slave trade? (Look

it up)

20.4 Columbian Exchange

Columbian Exchange • Causes: The

colonization of the Americas increased trade between Europe, Africa, and America

• Effects: Spread of diseases, food, livestock; +/-

Commercial Rev.• Causes:

Establishment of colonial empires leads to new wealth;

• Effects: Rise in Capitalism; Merchants obtain great wealth, continue to invest their money in trade, profits let them invest even more

Commercial Rev.• Causes:

Establishment of colonial empires leads to new wealth;

• Effects: Rise in Capitalism; Merchants obtain great wealth, continue to invest their money in trade, profits let them invest even more

Inflation • Causes: Increased economic activity

in Europe increase nation’s money supply

• Effects: Supply of goods decreased while demand increased, price of goods goes up

Formation of joint-stock companies

• Causes: High cost of colonization, Investors need to combine their wealth to reduce potential loss

• Effects: Establishment of Jamestown & other colonies; Joint stock companies involve many members, so pay a fraction of cost—lose only a small amount, gain big if investment paid off

Growth of Mercantilism

• Causes: Desire for power & belief that a country’s power depended mainly on its wealth

• Effects: Goal of every European nation became attainment of as much wealth as possible by achieving a favorable balance of trade & acquiring gold & silver---- using colonies

• How did capitalism change the balance of power in European countries?

• Gov’ts were no longer the sole owners of great wealth; merchants/ individuals become wealthy

• Why was self-sufficiency so important to a country practicing mercantilism?

• It minimized the amount a country had to import, contributing to a favorable balance of trade

3/25 Warm Up• How did colonies play role in mercantilism? ( more than one

answer)

• Why is self- sufficiency important to a country practicing mercantilism?

• What is capitalism? How did it change the balance of Power in European countries

• What are joint stock companies?