3.2 scada general

7/28/2019 3.2 Scada General

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Electronics Division

SCADA

SYSTEM CONCEPTS

&

PROJECTS


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SCADASCADASUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM

A SCADA system is an automation system which is used

to collect data, monitor performance and control a plant or

equipment in a wide range of applications like:

Electrical power distribution and generation plants

Water management systems Manufacturing systems


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SCADASCADA

A typical Water SCADA application wouldbe to monitor water levels at various watersources like reservoirs and tanks and

when the water level exceeds a presetthreshold, activate the system of pumps tomove water to tanks with low water levels.


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SCADASCADA

In BHEL-EDN, we provide SCADA systems for theelectrical substations and switchyards tomonitor andcontrol the station equipment.

SCADA virtually the brain of a Substation AutomationSystem


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SCADASCADAThe main components of a SCADA

system are:

Remote Terminal Units (RTUs)

Control Room Computer (HMI)

Communication equipment


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SCADA ConfigurationSCADA Configuration

FOConnection

NumericalProtection

Relay

BayControl

Field Signals

Switch Switch Switch

FOConnection

NumericalProtection

Relay

BayControl

Field Signals

FOConnection

NumericalProtection

Relay

Field Signals

Ethernetnetwork

RedundantEthernetBus

HMI view node Station HMI Station HMI Disturbance Viewer

To RCC onIEC 870-5-101

Gateway

Printers

GPS system

BayControl


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Sub systemsSub systems Control and monitoring system for individual Bays

Human Machine Interface Ethernet LAN

Peripherals

Printers Display units

Keyboard

Mouse

Interface system to Numerical relays

Gateway for remote communication with

Remote Control Centre (RCC)


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SCADA ConfigurationSCADA Configuration

REMOTE TERMINAL UNITS (RTUs)

Redundant 100 Mbps maxNET

REMOTE maxVUE

Server less Configuration

Scalableas large as required

External Systems

maxLINK

maxSTATIONSENGINEERS

STATION / maxSTORIAN


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maxSTATIONS Generic

name for .

Operator Stations

maxVUE Workbench

Engineering Station

maxSTORIAN

maxLINKS

maxDNAmaxDNA

maxNET100 Mbps (full duplex)

HMI

...

GT ControlsGT Controls PLCsPLCs

Numerical RelaysNumerical Relays

External systemsExternal systems

Remote maxVUE


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REMOTE TERMINAL UNITREMOTE TERMINAL UNIT

The Remote Terminal Units may consist of a programmable logic

converter (PLC) or dedicated hardware unit with its CPU, Analog

Input modules, Digital Input/ Output Modules.

The RTUs and PLCs are responsible for data collection such as

meter readings, equipment status etc and communicate back to the

HMI Computer system.


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The RTU operations include

Scanning of inputs at a fast rate

Processing such as change of state

Time stamping of changes Storage of data awaiting polling from the SCADA master

Some RTUs can initiate reporting to the SCADA master

The RTU may do some alarm processing RTU respond to the simple request to read complete data

Complex control function to be executed


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The RTUs are usually set to specific requirements, however,

most RTU allow human intervention, for instance, in a factorysetting, the RTU might control the setting of a conveyer belt, and

the speed can be changed or overridden at any time by human

intervention for optimum performance

In addition, any changes or errors are usually automatically

logged for and/or displayed.

SCADA systems monitor and make slight changes to function

optimally. SCADA systems are considered closed loop

systems and run with relatively little human intervention


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REMOTETERMINALUNITREMOTETERMINALUNITSCADA systems implement a distributed database - tag database, which

contains data elements called tags or points.

A point represents a single input or output value monitored or controlled by the

system.

Points can be either "hard" or "soft". A hard point is representative of an actual

input or output connected to the system, while a soft point represents the resultof logic and math operations applied to other hard and soft points.

Point values are normally stored as value-timestamp combinations; the value

and the timestamp when the value was recorded or calculated.

A series of value-timestamp combinations is the history of that point. It's alsocommon to store additional informationtags such as: path to field device and

alarming information.


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REMOTE TERMINAL UNITREMOTE TERMINAL UNIT Data acquisition and display of switchyard equipment for

Status

Alarms

Values

voltage

frequency

real power reactive power

current

Independent bay control unit for each bay

Detection and reporting of alarms

Sequence of events with 1 ms resolution

Control of circuit breakers, isolators, tap changer


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REMOTE TERMINAL UNITREMOTE TERMINAL UNIT Software interlocking to ensure safe

operation of equipments

Select before execute

Bypass interlocks whenever required

Command supervision


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System introductionSystem introduction

Distributed

ProcessingUnit (DPU)

I/O Modules

8 pack rack(DPU and I/O)

Eight-packrack

I/O Bus

Connector

Field 24VField48V

System 24V

I/O BusConnectors

Remote Terminal

Unit (RTU) Panels

DPU

IO

IO

IO

IO

IO

IO

IO

IO

IO

IO

DPU

DPU

I/Os

ignals


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RTU OverviewRTU Overview

Controller, Input/Output, Power Supply, NetworkInterfaces, Field Terminations

RTU Components :

Distributed Processing Unit ( maxDPU)

I/O Modules (maxPAC)

Network Switches

Power Supply

Rack


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RTU OverviewRTU Overview

maxPAC Racks:

contains I/O back planes and Edge connectors for

modules

connectors for 24 V logic and 24/48 V field powersupply

ribbon cable connectors to interconnect I/O bus of

different chassis


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CPU unit

Digital Input Module Digital output module

Analog input module


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Distributed Processing UnitDistributed Processing Unit 32 Bit Intel Processor

Redundant / Stand-alone modes

Windows CE.net Operating System

Dual ethernet ports, to maxNET

Dual 100 Mbps highway connections for high speed NO intermediate servers / communication modules

Network hardened to withstand problems

Optional IRIG input for satellite time synchronization

High temperature tolerance and low power - No fans,

no batteries for low maintenance, high reliability


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Distributed Processing UnitDistributed Processing Unit 128 MByte RAM

64 MByte Removable Compact Flash

Non-volatile FLASH memory maintains the controlstrategy configuration even if power is lost

8,500 function blocks for high capacity complex control

Event Reporting to 1 msec Resolution

User configurable program execution timebetween 10msec - 500 msec 10,000 event queue Directly accessible from all maxSTATIONS

Supports off-line simulation and testing


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ANALOG INPUT MODULEANALOG INPUT MODULE

Salient Points of Analog Input Modules:

AI (IOP301, IOP302, IOP305)

16 Channels V/I

4 - 20 mA or 0 - 2.4 V

15 bit + sign Bit, 0.1% Accuracy of full scale

Scan time: 100 ms (isolated)

Variants - 3 wire RTD( IOP303), TC(IOP304)


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DIGITAL INPUT MODULEDIGITAL INPUT MODULE

Salient Points of Digital Input Modules:

DI (IOP330, IOP331, IOP332, IOP333,

IOP334)

16 isolated or non isolated channelsper module

24/48 V DC, 120/240 V AC/DC


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DIGITAL OUTPUT MODULEDIGITAL OUTPUT MODULE

Salient Points of Digital Output Modules:

DO (IOP350, IOP351)

16 Channels per module

Individual Red LEDs provide output

indication for each channel

Green LED for system power and

healthy communication


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DPU RedundancyDPU Redundancy

Primary and secondary are selected through

configuration Fatal diagnostic error causes transfer in


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I/O RedundancyI/O Redundancy

... And Shared... And Shared

I/O Can be Redundant ...I/O Can be Redundant ...

RedundantDPU Bus

I/O I/O

I/O I/O

I/O I/O


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HMI FunctionsHMI Functions

The HMI displays this information in an easily understood graphics

form, archives the data received, transmits alarms and permits operator

control as required. The HMI is a PC system running powerful graphic

and alarm software programs.

The collected data is usually viewed on one or more SCADA Host

computers located at the central or master site.

SCADA applications can monitor and control hundreds to hundreds of

thousands of I/O points.

A SCADA system reports to human operators over a specialized

computer that is variously called a master station - HMI (Human-

Machine Interface)


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SoftwareSoftware

System software:

Applicationsoftware

Engineering & configuration

Operating system software: Windows2000/ Windows XP


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HMI FeaturesHMI FeaturesAll operation from maxSTATIONS

Alarms, SOE part of maxVUE display

AllmaxSTATIONS,, desk-top placed

No hardwiredback-up

Large VideoScreen(LVS) for display

TypicalModern Control room

TypicalModern Control room


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H M IH M I Single Line diagram Displays

Control dialogues Interlocking logic station wide

System status

Annunciation (audio ,visual)

Alarm list

Event List

Trending

Reports

Gateway communication with RCC using

IEC 870 -5-101 protocol


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Alarm DisplayAlarm Display

Abnormal conditions generate alarm

Associate occurrence of alarm to pre-assigned picture

Assignment of priorities for each point Segregation of alarm summary pages

Alarm summary

El t i Di i i


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El t i Di i i


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ReportsReportsTrend reports :

Daily, monthly, semi-annually, yearly for mean andpeak values

Historical Reports :

Automatic (daily at 15 min intervals, weekly,monthly, yearly)

On demand

By occurrence of pre-defined events

Electronics Di ision


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ReportsReportsPrinting of Reports:

Daily voltage and frequency curves for 24 hours Weekly trend curves for real and derived analog

values

Max and min values ,frequency of occurrence and

duration of max and min values for each analogparameter in a 24 hour period

Number of operations of breaker, date timeindications

Equipment operation details shift wise during 24

hours

Details of MW, MVAR, current, etc for specified timeperiod on demand

Printout of system frequency and average frequency



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Fill-in-the-box type report configuration

with different templates and formats

Easy-to-use dialogs for

report scheduling

Clear reports to

printers and

Monitors

ReportsReports



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TrendsTrendsReal time Trends :

Continuous updating of parameters

Curve diagrams or tabular form

Adjustable update intervals

Historical Trends:Data retrieval by specifying the time /date



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Real Time and History TrendingReal Time and History TrendingReal Time and History Trending

Flexible trends embedded into schematics or as stand-alone pagesSee the current situation and explore history - seamless integration

maxSTORIAN Process History

Up to eight pointsin one trend

Change trendedpoints during

run-time

Easy-to-use timehandling for

browsing thehistory



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maxLINKmaxLINK Interface to external systems: PLC

networks, Numerical relays

LDC Interface Supports multiple simultaneous

communication protocols

Supports data transfer from othersystems and networks

Provision in DPUs also

All data available to maxSTATIONS

Windows-XP based

maxNET

External Systems



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Communication NetworksCommunication NetworksWITH REDUNDANCY

Between the RTU in the field and the HMI system in the ControlRoom

SCADA communications can employ a diverse range of both wired

(lease line, dialup line, fiber, cable) and wireless media (licensed

radio, cellular, WLANor satellite) Communication within a plant will be by data cable, wire or fiber-

optic, while regional systems most commonly utilize radio

Failure of one highway does not affect operation of other.

Fibre optic communication



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maxNET Communications NetworkmaxNET Communications Network

Proven Industry Standard, Switched Fast Ethernet

Ultra high speed (100 Mbps) redundant network Multiple simultaneous communication

Util izes intelligent switching

No collisions occur. Traffic is never stopped



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Full Duplex CommunicationsFull Duplex Communications

Effectively doubles thecommunicationsbandwidth

maxSTATIONS

Switched Hub

Switched Hub One DPU can send alarminformation while..

another DPU is receivingoperator commands

DPUs



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maxNETmaxNET

Full duplex, high speed

communications betweenhubs.

All interfaces, links andswitches are redundant

All stations are directlyconnected

Flexible topology

Uses industry standardhardware

Capacity greatly exceedssystem maximum loading

HMI Region

FDX

DP

U

DP

U

AI

DI

AO

DO

Process I/O Signals

Plant Management Network

Remote

MAXStation

Modem

100 MbpsFull Duplexswitch toswitch

D

PU

Serial Interface(MODBUS )

ParallelI/O Bus

100 MbpsFull Duplexdrops

Control Region

OpticalRepeater

maxSTATIONS

Host Computer and Remote Workstations

100 Mbps Switched Ethernet100 Mbps Switched Ethernet



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Wireless SCADAWireless SCADAWireless SCADA is required in those applications

when wired communications to the remote site isprohibitively expensive or it is too time consuming

to construct wired communications.

In particular types of industry like Oil & Gas or

Water & Wastewater, wireless SCADA is often theonly solution due to the remoteness of the sites.

Wireless SCADA systems can be built on private

radio (licensed or unlicensed), cellular or satellite

communications; each of these has its unique setof characteristics as given in the Table.



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Private

Licensed

Private

License-freeMobile

Satellite

Typical Range 30 -60 30 cell coverage

Government Approval Yes No No No

Setup Time Moderate Fast Fast Fast

Data Rate (kbps) 96009600 -

19,2009600

1200 to

1.2M

Monthly Rates? No No Yes Yes

RTU/RF integration ?Not

usuallyYes Yes Yes

Wireless SCADAWireless SCADA



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System DiagnosisSystem Diagnosis

DIAGNOSTICS

Provided for

Controller

I/O cards Communication system



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SCADA SystemSCADA System

ADVANTAGES:

On line help Ease of operation

Sharing of information

Safety of equipment

Interlocking conditions Prevent unsafe operating conditions



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SCADA SystemSCADA System

Other benefits SCADA Systems provide:

Reduces operational costs Provides immediate knowledge of system performance

Improves system efficiency and performance

Increases equipment life

Reduces costly repairs Reduces number of man-hours (labor costs) required for

troubleshooting or service

Frees up personnel for other important tasks

Facilitates compliance with regulatory agencies through

automated report generating



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BHEL ExperienceBHEL Experience

Power plant switchyard , transmission sub

stations at 110, 132, 220 , 400KV level arecontrolled and monitored from theswitchyard / central control room



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BHEL EXPERIENCEBHEL EXPERIENCE SCADA FOR POWER PLANT

SWITCHYARD /SUBSTATION SUPPLIED:

Kovilkalappal CCPP 110KV switchyard

Perungulam CCPP 110KV switchyard

Baiji , Iraq GTPP 400KV switchyard Dhuvaran CCPP 132 KV switchyard

Kuttalam CCPP 110KV switchyard



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BHEL EXPERIENCEBHEL EXPERIENCESCADA FOR POWER PLANT SWITCHYARD

/SUBSTATION SUPPLIED:

Vindyachal STPP 400KV switchyard Alamathy 400KV/230KV/110KV substation

Korba East TPS 220KV switchyard

Bellary TPS 220 /400 KV switchyard

Mejia TPS 220KV switchyard

Chandrapura 220 KV switchyard

Kutch Lignite TPS 220KV switchyard



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Substation SCADA System for 2X250MW VSTPP Stage 3Substation SCADA System for 2X250MW VSTPP Stage 3

3.2 scada general

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