Rhinoceros sivalensis from Dhok Rhinoceros sivalensis from Dhok Pathan Formation, The Middle Pathan Formation, The Middle

Siwaliks of PakistanSiwaliks of Pakistan

Khadija Sarwar, Abdul Majid Khan &Khadija Sarwar, Abdul Majid Khan &Muhammad AkhtarMuhammad Akhtar

Department of Zoology, Department of Zoology, University of PunjabUniversity of Punjab

Introduction to Siwaliks Introduction to Siwaliks HillsHills

South SaltRange.South SaltRange.North MargallaHillsNorth MargallaHillsEast Jhelum River.East Jhelum River.WestWest Indus River Indus River.

Areas Of Fossil Collection In SiwaliksAreas Of Fossil Collection In Siwaliks

EpochAge (Million Years ago)

Siwaliks (Sub Group)

Formations Zones

0.5Boulder

Conglomerate

1

3

456

6.5789

10.511

11.5121314 Chinji

15161718

18.3

Miocene 25-10Ma

3.5

3.2

Lower Siwaliks

10.1

Nagri

Chinji

14.2

Middle Siwaliks

11.2

10

Nagri

Soan

Kamlial

Chinji

Kamlial

Dhok Pathan

Areas of Collection in Siwaliks

Pinjor

Tatrot

Pliestocene 2Ma to 11000 Years ago

Upper Siwaliks2

Pliocene 10-2Ma

Dhok Pathan

The STUDY SECTIONThe STUDY SECTION Dhok PathanDhok Pathan

AgeAge

Early to Middle PlioceneEarly to Middle PlioceneThicknessThickness

600-950m600-950mType localityType locality

Lies in the district Chakwal of Punjab province. Lies in the district Chakwal of Punjab province. It is the type locality of the Dhok Pathan Formation.It is the type locality of the Dhok Pathan Formation.LithologyLithology

Dhok Pathan Formation is composed of Dhok Pathan Formation is composed of sandstone with alternate clay and minor layers of sandstone with alternate clay and minor layers of conglomerate is lower part and more conglomerates with conglomerate is lower part and more conglomerates with sandstone and clay is upper part and this Formation has sandstone and clay is upper part and this Formation has excellent cyclic deposition of sandstone and shale.excellent cyclic deposition of sandstone and shale.

OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES

To study the systematics of To study the systematics of RhinoceroseRhinocerose sivalensissivalensis 10-3.5 million 10-3.5 million years old.years old.

Fossil Collection

Rhinoceros sivalensis

An Extinct species of Rhinoceros

A large species of genus Rhinoceros

DENTAL FORMULA OF DENTAL FORMULA OF RHINOCEROS RHINOCEROS

1-2/0-1, 0/11-2/0-1, 0/13-4/3-4, 3/33-4/3-4, 3/3

(I.C.P.M)(I.C.P.M)

TERMINOLOGY AND TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF MORPHOLOGY OF

RHINOCEROS TOOTH CROWN RHINOCEROS TOOTH CROWN MODIFIED MODIFIED

AFTER HEISSIG (1972).AFTER HEISSIG (1972).

Identification ParameterIdentification Parameter

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF UPPER GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF UPPER PREMOLAR OF RHINOCEROSPREMOLAR OF RHINOCEROS

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF UPPER GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF UPPER MOLAR OF RHINOCEROSMOLAR OF RHINOCEROS

CLASSIFICATION OF THE TAXON DESCRIBED IN CLASSIFICATION OF THE TAXON DESCRIBED IN THE PRESENT STUDY(PROTHERO AND SCHOCH, THE PRESENT STUDY(PROTHERO AND SCHOCH, 1989)1989)

Phylum ChordataPhylum ChordataSubphylum VertebrataSubphylum VertebrataClass Mammalia Linneaus,1758Class Mammalia Linneaus,1758Order Perissodactyla Owen,1848Order Perissodactyla Owen,1848Family Rhinocerotidea Owen,1845Family Rhinocerotidea Owen,1845Subfamily Rhinocerotinae Owen,1845Subfamily Rhinocerotinae Owen,1845Tribe Rhinocerotini Owen,1845Tribe Rhinocerotini Owen,1845Sub tribe Rhinocerotina Owen,1845Sub tribe Rhinocerotina Owen,1845Genus Rhinoceros Linneaus,1758 Genus Rhinoceros Linneaus,1758 Species Rhinoceros sivalensis Species Rhinoceros sivalensis Falconer and Falconer and

Cautely,1847Cautely,1847

Studied SpecimenRhinoceros sivalensisRhinoceros sivalensis

PUPC 09/115 PUPC 09/115 (RP2-M1)(RP2-M1) The teeth are in late

wear There is no crista but

strongly developed antecrochet and weakly developed crochet is present

Entrance of median valley is narrow and open lingually

Rhinoceros sivalensisRhinoceros sivalensis PUPC 09/115 PUPC 09/115 (LM1)(LM1)

Studeied SpecimenStudeied SpecimenRhinoceros sivalensis Rhinoceros sivalensis PUPC 88/843a PUPC 88/843a (LM1-M3), (LM1-M3),

buccal view, scale bar 30 mmbuccal view, scale bar 30 mm

Studeied SpecimenStudeied SpecimenRhinoceros sivalensis Rhinoceros sivalensis PUPC 88/843b PUPC 88/843b (LM1-M3), (LM1-M3),

occlusal view, scale bar 30 mmocclusal view, scale bar 30 mm

Daignostic Features Of Molars Of Rhinoceros sivalensis

Molars with parastyle buttress A distinct crochet may unite with

protoloph to enclose a fossette. Crista or cristella are absent A strongly parastyle,no mesostyle Protocone is constricted by anterior and

posterior grooves Metaloph somewhat short,very

backwardly directed on M2.

Measurments in mm of Measurments in mm of Rhinoceros sivalensisRhinoceros sivalensis

Tooth Tooth positionposition

P2P2 P3P3 P4P4 M1M1 M2M2 M3M3

LengthLength 3535 41.541.5 4545 4848 5353 4646

WidthWidth 3737 4848 5252 5151 5656 4949

Comparision Between R.sivalensis,R.unicornis,R.sondaicus

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

P2 P3 P4 P2 P3 P4

Length width

R.sivalensis

R.unicornis

R.sondaicus

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

M1 M2 M3 M1 M2 M3

Length width

R.sivalensis

R.unicornis

R.sondaicus

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Previously Previously RhinoceroseRhinocerose sivalensissivalensis was recorded from Upper Siwaliks of was recorded from Upper Siwaliks of Pakistan but in this study it is Pakistan but in this study it is recovered from the Dhok Pathan recovered from the Dhok Pathan formations, the Middle Siwaliks, formations, the Middle Siwaliks, drawbacks the biostratigraphic range drawbacks the biostratigraphic range of this species from Late Miocene to of this species from Late Miocene to Middle Pliocene. Middle Pliocene.

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