3.02 understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system
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3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system 3.02 Essential Questions What are the functions of the nervous system? What are some disorders of the nervous system? How are nervous system disorders treated? How does the nervous system relate to the body’s communication systems? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous systemTRANSCRIPT
3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous
system 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous
system
3.02 Essential Questions What are the functions of the nervous
system? What are some disorders of the nervous system? How are
nervous system disorders treated? How does the nervous system
relate to the bodys communication systems? 3.02 Understand the
functions and disorders of the nervous system Functions of the
nervous system:
Neurons-transmit messages from one cell to the next In order for a
nerve impulse to begin, it must have a STIMULUS. How do these
functions impact health? Sensory Motor Associative 3.02 Understand
the functions and disorders of the nervous system Functions of the
central nervous system: Brain
Think about it How do you use your brain? 3.02 Understand the
functions and disorders of the nervous system Functions of the
central nervous system: Brain
How do you use your Cerebrum? Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital
lobe Temporal lobe Fissures-deep grooves in the brain Sulci-shallow
grooves in the brain Gyri/convolutions-elevated ridges in the brain
3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system
Functions of the central nervous system: Brain
How do you use your *Cerebrum? *Frontal lobe-*controls voluntary
muscle movement, makes speech possible Parietal lobe-pain, touch,
heat, cold and balance; helps to determine distance, sizes and
shapes, mental processing Occipital lobe-eyesight Temporal
lobe-smell, hearing, speech understanding and comprehension *The
CEREBRUM is responsible for recalling information, planning and
decision making! 6 Functions of the central nervous system:
Brain
How do you use your limbic system? What is the limbic system?Is
this a new term for you? What structures are involved? What are the
functions of the limbic system? How does this effect you? Can you
control it? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the
nervous system Functions of the central nervous system: Brain
How do you use your limbic system? Influences unconscious and
instinctive behavior that relate to survival The parts of the
limbic system: olfactory bulb (smells associated with emotions)
amygdala (emotional reactions, fear, anxiety, aggresion)
hippocampus (memory, learning, new information) parahippocampus
(monitors strong emotions like rage and fright) fornix maxillary
body gyrus (modifies behavior and emotions), septum pellucidum 3.02
Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system 8
Functions of the central nervous system: Brain
your limbic system at work! Whats happening in these pictures? Can
you control it? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the
nervous system 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the
nervous system
Functions of the central nervous system: Brain How do you use your
cerebellum? Discuss the functions of the cerebellum illustrated in
this gymnasts picture. 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders
of the nervous system 10 10 3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system
Functions of the central nervous system: Brain How do you use your
cerebellum? ~Maintains balance ~Maintains muscle tone ~Muscle
coordination 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the
nervous system Functions of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Diencephalon Thalamus spherical mass of gray matter Hypothalamus
Pineal body Pituitary gland 3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system Functions of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Diencephalon Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain
Thalamus-relay station for incoming and outgoing nerve impulses and
relays the messages to the cerebral cortex; damage to the thalamus
may result in increased sensitivity to pain, loss of consciousness
*Hypothalamus-located below the thalamus; part of the limbic
system, considered the brain of the brain; controls blood pressure,
regulates heart beat, helps maintain normal body temperature,
regulates the amount of food ingested, controls weight,
manufactures oxytocin (contracts the uterus), increases
peristalsis, emotions (fear/pleasure), sleep control, mindover body
experiences Pineal body Pituitary gland 3.01 Remember the
structures of the nervous system Functions of the central nervous
system: Brain
How do you use your brain stem? Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system
Functions of the central nervous system: Brain
How do you use your brain stem? Midbrain-contains reflex centers
for vision and hearing Pons-serves as a two-way conductive pathway
for nerve impulses between the cerebrum, cerebellum and other areas
of the nervous system, controls respiration. Medulla oblongata-bulb
shaped and located between the pons and the spinal cord; contains
the bodys vital centers; controls heart rate, respiratory rate,
vasoconstrictor center that affects blood pressure, center for
swallowing and vomiting 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders
of the nervous system 15 Functions of the central nervous system:
Brain
Discuss the relevance of the brain stem for these functions? 3.02
Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system
Functions of the central nervous system: Spinal Cord
Carries messages from the sensory neurons to the brain for
interpretation and then carries the response to the muscles and
glands. Serves as a reflex center for the body. Brain Body
Structures 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the
nervous system Functions of the Peripheral nervous system
Also called sensory-somatic nervous system Cranial Spinal What do
the peripheral nerves do? Contains all the nerves that connect the
brain and spinal cord with sensory receptors, muscles and glands.
What is their relevance to health? 3.02 Understand the functions
and disorders of the nervous system Functions of the peripheral
nervous system: Autonomic nervous system
Discuss the functions of the autonomic nervous system. 3.02
Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system
Functions of the peripheral nervous system: *Autonomic nervous
system
*Think AUTOMATIC! The autonomic nervous system conducts impulses
from the brain and spinal cord to smooth muscle tissue; it is
involuntary. Two parts of the AUTONOMIC NS: *Sympathetic speeds up
activities fight or flight response Ex: Involved in an accident, or
about to get into a fightthe body reacts (Increases heart rate,
breathing, dry mouth) VS: *Parasympathetic use the vagus and pelvic
nerves to counteract The effects of the sympathetic system; heart
rate decreases, breathing slows down, fatigue sets in. 20 20
Functions of the nervous system
Discuss the relevance of the nervous system to the bodys
communication systems. 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders
of the nervous system Disorders of the nervous system and their
treatments
Alzheimers disease-progressive disease, the nerve endings in the
brain degenerate and block signals that pass between nerve cells;
unknown cause Who is at the greatest risk of developing Alzheimers
disease? aging adults, family history Symptoms: occurs in 3 stages;
1st stage: confusion, short-term memory loss, anxiety, poor
judgment; 2nd stage: increased memory loss, difficulty recognizing
people, motor and logic problems, loss of social skills; 3rd stage:
inability to recognize self, weight loss, seizures, mood swings,
aphasia (loss of speech) How is it treated? Meds to minimize the
symptoms How is it prevented? Staying physically active may lower
the risk for developing Alzheimers Disorders of the nervous system
and their treatments
Multiple Causes cause cause Cerebral palsy A disturbance in
voluntary muscle action due to brain damage; there are
abnormalities in the part of the brain that causes movement.
Symptoms: spastic paralysis, head rolling, grimacing, difficulty
with speech and swallowing; usually normal intelligence Which
healthcare team members will take care of the patient with cerebral
palsy? cause cause cause 3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system Disorders of the nervous system and
their treatments
*Epilepsy-seizure disorder due to a recurring and excessive
discharge of neurons; abnormal electrical impulses of the brain.
*Symptoms: repetitive motion/movements, jerking of muscles
(seizures), hallucinations, loss of consciousness Treatment:
Anticonvulsant medications Should a person with epilepsy be allowed
to drive? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the
nervous system Disorders of the nervous system and their
treatments
Hydrocephalus Hydro-cephal-us Increased cerebrospinal fluid in the
ventricles of the brain due to a blockage Who is most likely to
develop hydrocephalus? How is it treated? A bypass shunt to divert
the fluid 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the
nervous system Disorders of the nervous system and their
treatments
*Meningitis-inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord
What *causes of meningitis? Bacteria or virus What are the
*symptoms? Fever, stiff neck, severe headache, nausea, vomiting
*Lumbar puncture may be required to diagnose meningitis (a needle
is used to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid) How is it *treated?
Antibiotics if bacterial Disorders of the nervous system and their
treatments
Multiple sclerosis-chronic inflammatory disease of the central
nervous system in which immune cells attack the myelin sheath of
axons; scar tissue is left on the nerve cells and nerve impulses
are blocked. Symptoms: extremity weakness, numbness, double vision,
nystagmus (eye tremors), speech problems, loss of coordination,
paralysis Who is most likely to develop it? Young adults, 20-40,
mostly women How is it treated? Medications to slow progression,
rest, exercise, minimal stress 3.02 Understand the functions and
disorders of the nervous system Disorders of the nervous system and
their treatments
Neuritis-inflammation of a nerve by a infection, chemicals, chronic
alcoholism neur--itis Discuss the terms. Symptoms: Severe pain,
hypersensitivity, loss of sensation, muscular atrophy, weakness,
paresthesia (tingling, burning, crawling skin) How is neuritis
prevented? 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the
nervous system Disorders of the nervous system and their
treatments
*Paralysis disabling of a nerve Hemiplegia is common following a
stroke; one side of the body is paralyzed. Quadriplegia involves
loss of movement in all 4 extremities, including loss of bowel,
bladder and sexual function. *Paraplegia is paralysis of the lower
extremities due to a spinal cord injury Disorders of the nervous
system and their treatments
*Parkinsons disease-may be caused by a decrease in the dopamine
transmitter *Symptoms: tremors, shuffling gait, pill-rolling
movement, rigid muscles Who is most likely to have this disorder?
Hereditary, more common in men Treatment: L-dopa, meds to control
the symptoms 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the
nervous system Disorders of the nervous system and their
treatments
*Poliomyelitis-a viral disease of the nerve pathways of the spinal
cord which causes paralysis How can it be prevented? immunization
How is it treated? Supportive treatment, bedrest, treat the
symptoms *Polio has almost been eradicated in the U.S. due to
immunization! Yay! 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of
the nervous system Disorders of the *CENTRAL nervous system and
their treatments
*Spinal cord injury-damage to the spinal cord *Symptoms: The site
of the injury and the degree of the injury determine whether
paralysis will occur and whether it will the temporary or
permanent; patient may experience difficulty breathing and unable
to move body parts; C1-C3 injury usually fatal. How is it treated?
Emergency treatment is aimed at preventing further injury-DO NOT
move the victim, realignment, stabilization, release of pressure on
the spinal cord, surgery, medications may be necessary 3.02
Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system
Disorders of the nervous system and their treatments
West Nile Virus-mosquito-borne virus; spread to humans by a
mosquito bite Where is the greatest incidence of West Nile virus?
Western and Midwestern states What are the risk factors? Time of
year, time spent outside How is it prevented? Avoid exposure, empty
standing water, wear long sleeved shirts, long pants, mosquito
repellent How is it treated? Treat the symptoms 3.02 Understand the
functions and disorders of the nervous system Disorders of the
nervous system and their treatments
What are some common symptoms of neurological disorders? What are
some common prognoses? Why do these commonalities exist? 3.02
Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system 3.02
Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous system
3.02 Essential Questions What are the functions of the nervous
system? What are some disorders of the nervous system? How are
nervous system disorders treated? How does the nervous system
relate to the bodys communication systems? 3.02 Understand the
functions and disorders of the nervous system 3.02 Understand the
functions and disorders of the nervous system
3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the nervous
systemThe end 3.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the
nervous system