30.2 – growth of modern eur. nations (~1500-1700)
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30.2 – Growth of Modern Eur. Nations (~1500-1700)
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I. Age of Absolute Monarchs (king/queen with total power)
A. Most Eur. nations had monarchs
B. Louis XIV = most powerful French monarch ever
1. Jean Colbert (Minister of Finance) ran Fr.’s $
a. had to find way to pay for Louis XIV’s wars & extravagant spending
b. Colbert died – slowed French economy
2. L. XIV died and left Fr. in heavy debt
“Tra la la”
Louis XIV today
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Louis XIV’s Palace of Versailles in France
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C. England’s monarch had less flex. than Fr.
1. king needed approval from Parliament (like our Congress) to use $a. King Charles I needed $ for war
b. Parl. refused
c. Charles dissolve Parl.
2. Charles needed more $, so he had to call Parl. into sessiona. Parl. refused to grant $ until
Charles signed Petition of Right
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b. What is the message of the petition?
• law > king
c. Charles signed it to get $, then ignores it
3. Dissolved Parl. againa. To raise more $, he imposed
fines/fees on cit.b. Parl. passed laws to limit Charles’
powerc. Charles arrested Parl. leaders,
who then escaped
4. Civil wara. Charles captured & brought to trialb. Found guilty & beheaded
King Charles today
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5. Charles II (son of Charles I) chosen by Parl. to rule England
6. Parl. formed constitutional monarchy (basically same as our govt.)
7. Bill of Rts. passed 1689 – monarch cannot:
a. Suspend laws of Parl.
b. Make taxes w/o Parl.
c. Limit free speech
8. govt. basically became what it is today
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II.Scientific Rev. (1500s – 1600s) = new way of thinking abt. world/sci.
A. Caused largely by Renaissance’s ideas/actionsB. Created sci. methodC. Scientists made many discov.
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1. Nicolaus Copernicus (~1500)a. discov. earth revolves around sun
b. theory not publ. until death b/c would threaten Church
2. Galileo Galilei (~1600)a. also found earth revolves around sun,
and publ. it
b. Church threatened by it
c. Under threat of death, he “admits error”
3. Isaac Newton (~1700)a. explained gravity
b. w/math proved earth revolves around sun
Newton today
Copernicus: astronomer, mathematician, Smurf
The Church finally admitted I was right in 1992!
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III. Enlightenment (~1700s) = time when reason to solve social problems emphasized
A. caused by Sci. Rev.B. New ideas on govt., educ., rel.,
& econ.C. Increase in secularismD. Inspired our govt.
1. John Locke a. NATURAL RIGHTS OF MAN –
people born with rt. to life, liberty, property
b. Govt. gets power from ppl. & must protect their rts.
c. If can’t, ppl. have rt. to rebel
John Locke, not to be confused with John Locke
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2. Voltairea. urged freedom of press & speech
b. “I do not agree with a word you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”
3. Montesquieu• Supported govt. checks & balances
4. Jean Rousseau• all created =; govt. should rep. majority
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IV. The French Rev. (1789-1799)A. Heavy debt forced changesB. poor ppl. use #s to create new govt.C. Poor/middle class create constit. mon.,
but conflicts soon aroseD. Constit. mon. soon replaced by republic
• Rep. soon became too radical (ex: king and ~15k opposed to rep. guillotined)
E. Rep. soon replaced, then became corrupt
F. Napoleon Bonaparte, a general, takes over by force
1. Institutes Napoleonic codea. All men =b. Freedom of rel.
2. Strengthened econ.3. Ended revol.4. Inspired many other revol. around world
Guillotine