NAME ________________________________ PERIOD _______ DATE ____________________

FINAL EXAM REVIEW (85)

1. A student designed an experiment to study how temperature affects the rate at which enzymes digest protein. She put equal masses of liver into four equal-sized test tubes, brought the test tubes to different temperatures, introduced equal amounts of enzyme into each tube and measured the duration of the chemical reaction. What would be the best control for this experiment?

A. Liver massB. Enzyme amountC. Test tube temperaturesD. Test tube that stays at room temperature

2. A student hypothesized that robins prefer large bird houses to small ones. He built four bird houses of different sizes to test his hypothesis. What was the independent variable in the student’s study?

A. The size of the bird house.B. The number of birds in a house.C. The location of the bird house.D. The season of the year.

Base your answers to the following questions on the information and diagrams below.

Saltwater plants of the same species were grown in soil in separate containers with 1 liter of water. All of the plants were the same height at the beginning of the experiment. Different amounts of salt were dissolved in each container as shown in the diagrams. All other conditions were held constant. Measurements for the final height of each plant are provided.

3. What is the problem or testable statement for this experiment?

What amount of salt makes the plants grow the best?

4. What is the dependent variable for this experiment?

A. the amount of salt added.B. the amount of water in the container.C. the height of the plant.D. the type of plant.

5. Write a possible hypothesis for this experiment.

________________________________________________________________________________

6. Define atom –

USE THE PERIODIC TABLE TO ANSWER QUESTION #7

________7. Which element has 13 protons, 14 neutrons and 13 electrons?

A. Sodium B. Magnesium C. Aluminum D. Silicon

8. Match the following : ________ element _________ compound __________mixture

A. made of 1 kind of atom. B. 2 substances physically C. 2 or more elements chemically combined. combined.

_______ 9. The unit used to express liquid volume. A. centimeters (cm)

_______10. The unit used to express length. B. grams (g)

_______11. The unit used to express density. C. grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3)

_______12. The unit used to express mass. D. milliliters (ml)

13. Which instrument is used to calculate: A. balance B. graduated cylinder C. metric Ruler

_______ Mass of an object _______ Volume of a liquid _______ Length of an object

14. Metric conversions:

1cm = _________________ mm 23cm = __________________mm

15. _________________________ ________________________ is how to find the volume of an irregularly-shaped object. (Hint: putting it in a graduated cylinder and measuring the difference.)

16. Find the volume of the object using the graduated cylinders below.

Final Volume = ___________

Initial volume = ___________

Volume of object = ___________

17. Using the picture, the mass of the object is ____________

18. Given the mass from Q. #17 and the volume of the object from Q. #16, what is the density

of the object? (D = M/V) _______________

19. List the jars from the least energetic molecules to the most energetic molecules. Label the states of matter on the diagram below.

_________ ___________ ___________ least energetic most energetic

20. Which substance below has the highest density? ________________________

Substance Mass (g) Volume (ml)A 20 g 25mlB 15g 25mlC 25g 25ml

A B C

21. Below are examples of physical and chemical changes. Place a Letter P next to the physical changes, and a Letter C next to the chemical changes.

_______ rusting metal _______ripping paper ______burning wood _______water freezing

_______ salt dissolving in water _______ mixing 2 liquids and a gas evolves.

22. Identify convection, conduction, radiation in the picture below.

23. A renewable resource is one that can cannot be replaced in our lifetime.

A non-renewable resource is one that can cannot be replaced in our lifetime.

24. What forms these rock types?

_______ Igneous rock _______ Metamorphic rock ___________ Sedimentary rock

A. from pieces of other rocks B. by changing existing rocks C. from cooled molten material

25. If an igneous rock cools quickly, it’s crystals will be large or small.

26. Number the following in order from the most permeable (#1) to the least permeable (#4).

Silt/mud _____ coarse sand ______ gravel _________ fine sand _____

27. Scientists get information about the interior of the Earth by studying

________________________ ___________________________

28. Place the steps from the formation of a sedimentary rock from the first (#1) to the last (#5) step.

_____ deposition _____ weathering _____ compaction _____erosion _____cementation

29. Oceanic crust is made of _____________________________ which is _____________________

dense than continental crust.

30. Continental crust is made of __________________________ which is _____________________

dense than oceanic crust.

31. Why were scientists unwilling to accept the continental drift hypothesis?

32. According to the theory of sea-floor spreading:

The oldest rocks on the ocean floor are found: closest to furthest from the mid-ocean ridge.

The youngest rocks on the ocean floor are found? closest to furthest from the mid-ocean

ridge.

33. Which boundary is where plates:

convergent divergent transform

slide past each other____________________________________________

collide _______________________________________________________

move apart____________________________________________________

34. What features are found at a convergent boundary? (Check all the fit.)

_____ new sea floor _____ mid-ocean ridge _____ trench _____mountain ranges

35. True or False: Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur at plate boundaries because that’s where the plates interact the most.

36. If the difference in arrival times of the P and S waves is far apart, the epicenter is:

far away close

* Know how to read the chart on page 161 P and S waves and distance to epicenter.

37. True or False: Amount of gases and silica are two factors that cause a volcano to be more explosive than others.

38. Explosive volcanoes have ________________amounts of silica and ______________amounts of gas.

39. _________ wide, gentle sloped volcano A. cinder

________ short, steep-sided cone B. composite

________ tall, well-shaped cone C. hot spot

_________ volcano that forms in the middle of a plate D. shield

40. Using a pen/pencil, draw arrows to show how smoke would move if a lit punk was placed in tube A.

41. Why does the air flow in this direction?

______________________________________________________________

A B ______________________________________________________________

42. Air has pressure because air has ____________________________________.

43. The layers of the atmosphere are divided by ___________________________________.

44. Rank the layers of the atmosphere from highest air pressure (#1) to the lowest air pressure (#4).

______ Thermosphere ______ Mesosphere _____ Stratosphere _____ Troposphere

45. What do the instruments below measure?

Barometer __________________________ Thermometer __________________________

Psychrometer _______________________ Anemometer ___________________________

__________ 46. How does burning fossil fuels affect the climate change?

A. creating nuclear wasteB. by concentrating sunlightC. adding greenhouse gases D. causes earthquakes

47. What is the major source of energy for Earth’s weather patterns?

A. gravity B. the sun C. the Earth’s magnetic field D. tides

48. Air masses are determined by ____________________________________ and

______________________________________.

49. Which wind belt moves weather across the United States from the west?

Polar Easterlies Prevailing Westerlies Trade Winds

50. Based on the Soil and Water lab:

Soil heats up ______________________________ than water.

Soil cools off ______________________________ than water.

51. The deflection (turning) of the winds due to the Earth’s rotation is called the

________________________________ ____________________________________

52. When a liquid changes into a gas it is called

condensation evaporation melting

When a gas changes into a liquid it is called

condensation evaporation melting

53. As the wet and dry bulb temperature get closer together the relative humidity is

low high

As the wet and dry bulb temperature are far apart, the relative humidity is

low high

54. How does a cloud form? Air cools to its _________________ ___________________________.

Air masses: maritime tropical (MT) continental tropical (CT) maritime polar ( MP) continental polar (CP)

55. Forms: Over cold land (Canada) ____________________ Over warm oceans _____________________

Over warm land (Mexico) ____________________ Over cold oceans ____________________

Word bank for question 56:

Stratus Cumulonimbus Cirrus Cumulus

56. Cloud made of ice crystals ____________________________________________

Puffy clouds _____________________________________

Layered clouds that produce drizzle ____________________________________

Storm clouds _____________________________________

57. What kind of weather is associated with a low pressure system?

fair, cool, dry cloudy, rainy

58. What kind of weather is associated with a high pressure system?

fair, cool, dry cloudy, rainy

59. What kind of weather follows a cold front?

warm and humid clear skies/cooler/dry

60. What kind of weather follows a warm front?

warm and humid clear skies/cooler/dry

61. An isobar or isotherm connects areas of equal temperatures.

An isobar or isotherm connects areas of equal pressure.

62. Draw a station model: Air pressure 29.2 inches Overcast/cloudy skiesAir temperature 65° F .3 inches of precipitationDew point temperature 56° F Wind speed: 14 mph

Wind direction: southwest

63. Seasons are caused by: ________________________ & _______________________________.

64. When the Earth is tilted towards the sun, the Northern Hemisphere the season is

_____________________________________.

65. When the Northern Hemisphere has summer, the Southern Hemisphere has

_____________________________________.

66. During a lunar eclipse, the moon is:

new moon 1st quarter full moon 3rd quarter

67. During a solar eclipse, the moon is:

new moon 1st quarter full moon 3rd quarter

68. Which 2 positions would the moon be in during a Spring tide? A B C D

Neap tide? A B C D

69. As you move from position C to position A, the amount of light on the moon’s surface would:

increase decrease stay the same

70. Where are the brightest, hottest stars on the H-R diagram?

_______________________________________________

Coolest, dimmest stars?

________________________________________________

71. Compare Rigel to Sirius B.

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

C

D

B

A

Word bank for 72-74

dwarf star neutron star black hole red giant nebula

72. A star the size of the sun will become a ______________________________ when it dies.

73. A massive star will become either a ________________________________ or

________________________________ at the end of its life cycle. 74. A star begins its life within a ______________________________.

Type X Type Y Type Z

75. Which galaxy is: _______ irregular _______ spiral ________ elliptical

76. The spinning of the Earth on its axis is called: revolution rotation

77. The Earth travelling once around the Sun is called: revolution rotation

78. The moon goes through phases because of its revolution rotation around the Earth.

79. Night and day are caused by the Earth’s revolution rotation

80. A planet is kept in orbit around the sun by ________________________________ and

__________________________________________.

81. A chunk of rock or metal that orbits in space is a ____________________________________.

A chunk of rock or metal that burns up in our atmosphere is a _________________________________.

A chunk of rock or metal that hits the surface of the Earth is a _________________________________.

82. As a result of the Big Bang all galaxies are moving:

________away from each other _________ toward each other __________ are stationary