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Hardness:*

Toughness:* The ability of a material to absorb impact energy

Tensile strength:* The ability to resist the action of a pulling force

Ductility:* The ability to deform plastically under tension*

The ability of a material to resist indentation

Mechanical Properties

We test welds to establish minimum levelsof mechanical properties, and soundness ofthe welded joint*

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The specimen below has been polished and isready to be hardnesstested

= Hardness Survey

Further hardness surveys may be taken as the thicknessof the specimen increases*

Thickness

Hardness Testing

Base metal HAZ Fusion boundary Weld metal

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Generally we use a diamond or steel ball to form an indentation

We measure the width of the indentation to gauge the hardness*

Hardness Testing

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1) Vickers Diamond Pyramid: Always uses a diamond*

2) Brinell hardness test: Always uses a steel ball*

3) Rockwell hardness test: Uses a ball, or diamonddepending on the scale*

Hardness Testing

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10 x 10 mmMachined notch

Pendulum Hammer

Location of specimen

The specimen may be tested from different areas of the weld.*

Graduated scale

of absorbedenergy in Joules*

Charpy Toughness Testing

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Transverse reduced test piece*

A Section of weld is cut, or machined out across the test pieceand tested in tension to failure. The units are usually in N/mm

Transverse Tensile Test

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Bend tests are used to establish fusion in the area under test

Former

Test Piece

Lack of root fusion shown here*

Force

A Guided root bend test*Guide

Bend Tests

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Bend Tests

Specimen prior to test* Specimen after test*

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Saw cutHammer blow

Full fracture

Any strait line indicates aLack of root fusion*

1

3

1

Fracture line

1

2

3

Inspect both surfaces

2

2 3

Line of fusion

Fillet Weld Fracture Tests

X

Y

X

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A

B

Inclusions on fracture line*

C

Lack of root penetrationor fusion

Hammer blowSaw Cuts

Fracture line

Inspect both surfaces

Butt Nick Break Tests